Effects of Gamma Irradiation on Changes in Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Callus.

In this study, we investigated the effects of gamma irradiation on the antioxidant activity and metabolite profiles of calli (PC3012). Gamma irradiation at various doses (0, 0.05, 0.

Caffeine Produced in Rice Plants Provides Tolerance to Water-Deficit Stress.

Exogenous or endogenous caffeine application confers resistance to diverse biotic stresses in plants. In this study, we demonstrate that endogenous caffeine in caffeine-producing rice (CPR) increases tolerance even to abiotic stresses such as water deficit. Caffeine produced by CPR plants influences the cytosolic Ca ion concentration gradient.

Effect of Propofol versus Sevoflurane Anesthesia on Acute Kidney Injury after Lung Transplantation Surgery: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial.

This prospective randomized controlled trial aimed to compare the effects of sevoflurane and propofol anesthesia on the occurrence of acute kidney injury (AKI) following lung transplantation (LTx) surgery. Sixty adult patients undergoing bilateral LTx were randomized to receive either inhalation of sevoflurane or continuous infusion of propofol for general anesthesia. The primary outcomes were AKI incidence according to the Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN) criteria and blood biomarker of kidney injury, including neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and cystatin C levels within 48 h of surgery.

Intracellular Ca accumulation triggered by caffeine provokes resistance against a broad range of biotic stress in rice.

Chemical pesticides are still frequently overused to diminish such crop loss caused by biotic stress despite the threat to humans and the environment. Thus, it is urgent to find safer and more effective defense strategies. In this study, we report that caffeine, implanted through a transgenic approach, enhances resistance against variable biotic stresses in rice without fitness cost.

Immunomodulatory Effects of Perioperative Dexmedetomidine in Ovarian Cancer: An and Xenograft Mouse Model Study.

Background: The surgical stress response (SSR) causes immunosuppression which may cause residual tumor growth and micrometastasis after cancer surgery. We investigated whether dexmedetomidine affects cancer cell behavior and immune function in an ovarian cancer xenograft mouse model.

Methods: The effect of dexmedetomidine on cell viability and cell cycle was assessed using SK-OV-3 cells at drug concentrations of 0.

Preoperative Routine Laboratory Markers for Predicting Postoperative Recurrence and Death in Patients with Breast Cancer.

Simple, convenient, and reliable preoperative prognostic indicators are needed to estimate the future risk of recurrences and guide the treatment decisions associated with breast cancer. We evaluated preoperative hematological markers related to recurrence and mortality and investigated independent risk factors for recurrence and mortality in patients after breast cancer surgery. We reviewed electronic medical records of patients with invasive breast cancer diagnosed at our tertiary institution between November 2005 and December 2010 and followed them until 2015.

The Effect of Intraoperative Fluid Management According to Stroke Volume Variation on Postoperative Bowel Function Recovery in Colorectal Cancer Surgery.

Stroke volume variation (SVV) has been used to predict fluid responsiveness; however, it remains unclear whether goal-directed fluid therapy using SVV contributes to bowel function recovery in abdominal surgery. This prospective randomized controlled trial aimed to compare bowel movement recovery in patients undergoing colon resection surgery between groups using traditional or SVV-based methods for intravenous fluid management. We collected data between March 2015 and July 2017.

Two Chalcone Synthase Isozymes Participate Redundantly in UV-Induced Sakuranetin Synthesis in Rice.

Chalcone synthase (CHS) is a key enzyme in the flavonoid pathway, participating in the production of phenolic phytoalexins. The rice genome contains 31 family genes (s). The molecular characterization of s suggests that and belong in the bona fide CHSs, while the other members are categorized in the non-CHS group of type III polyketide synthases (PKSs).

A medical care model using comprehensive geriatric assessment for community-dwelling older Korean adults.

Background: The quality of life of older adults deteriorates when they lose their ability to perform activities of daily living. Therefore, the older adults should be assessed to identify risk factors for functional decline and to correct these factors so that they may live as independently as possible in the community. We developed a medical care model using comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) for community-dwelling older patients.

Genome-wide Screening to Identify Responsive Regulators Involved in the Virulence of pv. .

Two-component systems (TCSs) are critical to the pathogenesis of pv. (). We mutated 55 of 62 genes annotated as responsive regulators (RRs) of TCSs in the genome of strain PXO99A and identified 9 genes involved in virulence.

Correction: The Intraocular Pressure under Deep versus Moderate Neuromuscular Blockade during Low-Pressure Robot Assisted Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy in a Randomized Trial.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Lack of a Cytoplasmic RLK, Required for ROS Homeostasis, Induces Strong Resistance to Bacterial Leaf Blight in Rice.

Many scientific findings have been reported on the beneficial function of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in various cellular processes, showing that they are not just toxic byproducts. The double-edged role of ROS shows the importance of the regulation of ROS level. We report a gene, (required for ROS-scavenging receptor-like kinase), that encodes a cytoplasmic RLK belonging to the non-RD kinase family.

Rice Transcription Factor OsDOF11 Modulates Sugar Transport by Promoting Expression of Sucrose Transporter and SWEET Genes.

Sucrose is produced in mesophyll cells and transferred into phloem cells before it is delivered long-distance to sink tissues. However, little is known about how sucrose transport is regulated in plants. Here, we identified a T-DNA insertional mutant of Oryza sativa DNA BINDING WITH ONE FINGER 11 (OsDOF11), which is expressed in the vascular cells of photosynthetic organs and in various sink tissues.

Evaluation of in-vitro antimicrobial activity of Artemisia apiacea H. and Scutellaria baicalensis G. extracts.

Purpose: In traditional Korean medicine, Artemisia apiacea H. (ART) and Scutellaria baicalensis G. (SCU) are combined for the treatment of malaria and other malaria-like diseases.

Practice guidelines for propofol sedation by non-anesthesiologists: the Korean Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force recommendations on propofol sedation.

In South Korea, as in many other countries, propofol sedation is performed by practitioners across a broad range of specialties in our country. However, this has led to significant variation in propofol sedation practices, as shown in a series of reports by the Korean Society of Anesthesiologists (KSA). This has led the KSA to develop a set of evidence-based practical guidelines for propofol sedation by non-anesthesiologists.

The Intraocular Pressure under Deep versus Moderate Neuromuscular Blockade during Low-Pressure Robot Assisted Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy in a Randomized Trial.

Background: This study aimed to determine whether continuous deep neuromuscular blockade (NMB) improves the surgical conditions and facilitates robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RALRP) under low intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) to attenuate the increase in intraocular pressure (IOP) during CO2 pneumoperitoneum in the steep Trendelenburg (ST) position.

Methods: Sixty-seven patients undergoing RALRP were randomly assigned to a moderate NMB group (Group M), including patients who received atracurium infusion until the end of the ST position, maintaining a train of four count of 1-2; and the deep NMB group (Group D), including patients who received rocuronium infusion, maintaining a post-tetanic count of 1-2. IOP was measured in all patients at nine separate time points.

The Effects of Oral Atenolol or Enalapril Premedication on Blood Loss and Hypotensive Anesthesia in Orthognathic Surgery.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of premedication with oral atenolol or enalapril, in combination with remifentanil under sevoflurane anesthesia, on intraoperative blood loss by achieving adequate deliberate hypotension (DH) during orthognathic surgery. Furthermore, we investigated the impact thereof on the amount of nitroglycerin (NTG) administered as an adjuvant agent.

Materials And Methods: Seventy-three patients undergoing orthognathic surgery were randomly allocated into one of three groups: an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor group (Group A, n=24) with enalapril 10 mg, a β blocker group (Group B, n=24) with atenolol 25 mg, or a control group (Group C, n=25) with placebo.

Comparison of the efficacy and safety of sedation between dexmedetomidine-remifentanil and propofol-remifentanil during endoscopic submucosal dissection.

Aim: To compare the efficacy and safety of sedation protocols for endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) between dexmedetomidine-remifentanil and propofol-remifentanil.

Methods: Fifty-nine patients scheduled for ESD were randomly allocated into a dexmedetomidine-remifentanil (DR) group or a propofol-remifentanil (PR) group. To control patient anxiety, dexmedetomidine or propofol was infused to maintain a score of 4-5 on the Modified Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation scale.

Antimicrobial activity of UV-induced phenylamides from rice leaves.

Rice produces a wide array of phytoalexins in response to pathogen attacks and UV-irradiation. Except for the flavonoid sakuranetin, most phytoalexins identified in rice are diterpenoid compounds. Analysis of phenolic-enriched fractions from UV-treated rice leaves showed that several phenolic compounds in addition to sakuranetin accumulated remarkably in rice leaves.

The effect of dexmedetomidine on intraocular pressure increase in patients during robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy in the steep Trendelenburg position.

Purpose: This study was to evaluate the effect of intraoperative continuous infusion of dexmedetomidine on intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients undergoing robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RALRP) in the steep Trendelenburg (ST).

Materials And Methods: Sixty-eight patients were randomly divided into two groups. The dexmedetomidine group (Group D, n=34) received a continuous infusion of dexmedetomidine at a rate of 0.

Comparison of perioperative surgical outcomes between a bipolar device and an ultrasonic device during laparoscopic gastrectomy for gastric cancer.

Background: The use of energy devices during laparoscopic gastrectomy for gastric cancer has increased as the frequency of laparoscopic surgery has increased. Our aim was to compare the perioperative surgical outcomes between using a bipolar device and an ultrasonic device during laparoscopic gastrectomy.

Methods: Retrospective review of a prospectively maintained database identified 186 patients who underwent laparoscopic gastrectomy performed by a single surgeon between November 2010 and August 2013.

Increase in intraocular pressure is less with propofol than with sevoflurane during laparoscopic surgery in the steep Trendelenburg position.

Background: Intraocular pressure is increased during laparoscopic surgeries performed in a steep Trendelenburg position. This study compared the effects of propofol with those of sevoflurane on intraocular pressure in patients undergoing robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy in a 30° Trendelenburg position.

Methods: Sixty-six patients were randomly allocated to a maintenance anesthetic consisting of remifentanil and sevoflurane (Sevoflurane Group) or remifentanil and propofol (Propofol Group).

Anesthetics influence the incidence of acute kidney injury following valvular heart surgery.

Propofol has been shown to provide protection against renal ischemia/reperfusion injury experimentally, but clinical evidence is lacking. Here we studied the effect of propofol anesthesia on the occurrence of acute kidney injury following heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. One hundred and twelve patients who underwent valvular heart surgery were randomized to receive either propofol or sevoflurane anesthesia, both with sufentanil.