The Potential MicroRNA Diagnostic Biomarkers in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Tongue.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) of the tongue is a common type of head and neck malignancy with a poor prognosis, underscoring the urgency for early detection. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have remarkable stability and are easily measurable. Thus, miRNAs may be a promising biomarker candidate among biomarkers in cancer diagnosis.

The Symptom Frequency Characteristics of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and Possible Symptom Clusters of Depressive Disorders in Korea: The CRESCEND Study.

Objective: This study analyzed the symptom frequencies of 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS-17) to understand the characteristics of each item and to propose the possible symptoms clusters.

Methods: From psychiatric clinics of 18 Hospitals in Korea, 1,183 patients, diagnosed with major depressive disorder (psychotic or non-psychotic), dysthymia or depressive disorder not otherwise specified. according to DSM-IV criteria, participated in this study from January 2006 to August 2008.

Molecular characterization of Korean rabies virus isolates.

The nucleoprotein (N) and glycoprotein (G) of 11 Korean rabies virus (RABV) isolates collected from animals diagnosed with rabies between 2008 and 2009 were subjected to molecular and phylogenetic analyses. Six isolates originated from domestic animals (cattle and dogs) and five were obtained from wild free-ranging raccoon dogs. The similarities in the nucleotide sequences of the N gene among all Korean isolates ranged from 98.

Evaluation of a rapid immunodiagnostic test kit for rabies virus.

A rapid immunodiagnostic test kit for rabies virus detection was evaluated using 51 clinical samples and 4 isolates of rabies virus. The quick detection of rabies virus under field conditions may be helpful in determining if post-exposure prophylaxis is needed, thereby avoiding unnecessary treatments, as well as undue economic burden. There are several widely used diagnostic methods for rabies, including fluorescent antibody tests, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and electron microscopy; however, these methods include time-consuming, intricate, and costly procedures.

Protein disulfide isomerase-like proteins play opposing roles during retrotranslocation.

Misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are retained in the organelle or retrotranslocated to the cytosol for proteasomal degradation. ER chaperones that guide these opposing processes are largely unknown. We developed a semipermeabilized cell system to study the retrotranslocation of cholera toxin (CT), a toxic agent that crosses the ER membrane to reach the cytosol during intoxication.

Mixed-disulfide folding intermediates between thyroglobulin and endoplasmic reticulum resident oxidoreductases ERp57 and protein disulfide isomerase.

We present the first identification of transient folding intermediates of endogenous thyroglobulin (Tg; a large homodimeric secretory glycoprotein of thyrocytes), which include mixed disulfides with endogenous oxidoreductases servicing Tg folding needs. Formation of disulfide-linked Tg adducts with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) oxidoreductases begins cotranslationally. Inhibition of ER glucosidase activity blocked formation of a subgroup of Tg adducts containing ERp57 while causing increased Tg adduct formation with protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), delayed adduct resolution, perturbed oxidative folding of Tg monomers, impaired Tg dimerization, increased Tg association with BiP/GRP78 and GRP94, activation of the unfolded protein response, increased ER-associated degradation of a subpopulation of Tg, partial Tg escape from ER quality control with increased secretion of free monomers, and decreased overall Tg secretion.

Deficiency of ATP2C1, a Golgi ion pump, induces secretory pathway defects in endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation and sensitivity to ER stress.

Relatively few clues have been uncovered to elucidate the cell biological role(s) of mammalian ATP2C1 encoding an inwardly directed secretory pathway Ca2+/Mn2+ pump that is ubiquitously expressed. Deficiency of ATP2C1 results in a human disease (Hailey-Hailey), which primarily affects keratinocytes. ATP2C1-encoded protein is detected in the Golgi complex in a calcium-dependent manner.

The acetylcholinesterase homology region is essential for normal conformational maturation and secretion of thyroglobulin.

Secretion of thyroglobulin (Tg, a large homodimeric glycoprotein) is essential to deliver Tg to its site of iodination for thyroxine biosynthesis. An L2263P missense mutation in Tg has been proposed as the molecular defect causing congenital goitrous hypothyroidism in cog/cog mice due to perturbed Tg homodimerization, resulting in its retention within the endoplasmic reticulum. The mutation falls within a carboxyl-terminal region of Tg with high structural similarity to the entirety of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), a secretory protein that also forms homodimers.

Development of real-time RT-PCR for evaluation of JEV clearance during purification of HPV type 16 L1 virus-like particles.

Insect cell culture has greatly increased in part due to the widespread use of insect virus-based vectors for efficient expression of foreign proteins. Insect cells such as Sf9 cells are susceptible to arboviruses which may pose a safety concern by adventitious introduction during the production process. The objective of this study was to establish techniques for viral clearance validation of insect cell-derived biotechnological products using Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) as a model, since JEV is a member of arthropod-borne flaviviruses that are known to be infectious in insect cells.