Automation and Optimization of Food Process Using CNN and Six-Axis Robotic Arm.

The Food Process Robot Intelligent System (FPRIS) integrates a 3D-printed six-axis robotic arm with Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Computer Vision (CV) to optimize and automate the coffee roasting process. As an application of FPRIS coffee roasting, this system uses a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to classify coffee beans inside the roaster and control the roaster in real time, avoiding obstacles and empty spaces. This study demonstrates FPRIS's capability to precisely control the Degree of Roasting (DoR) by combining gas and image sensor data to assess coffee bean quality.

Frequency comb measurements for 6G terahertz nano/microphotonics and metamaterials.

Next-generation 6G communication holds the potential to revolutionize data transfer, enabling the realization of eXtended Reality (XR) with enhanced sensory experiences. To achieve this, advanced components such as high-performance intensity/phase modulators, waveguides, multiplexers, splitters, combiners, and filters operating in terahertz (THz) regime, specifically within the frequency range of 0.1-1 THz, are essential.

Development of a wastewater based infectious disease surveillance research system in South Korea.

Wastewater-based epidemiology has been used in pathogen surveillance for microorganisms at the community level. This study was conducted to determine the occurrence and trends of infectious pathogens in sewage from Yongin city and the relationships between these pathogens and the incidence of infectious diseases in the community. From December 2022 to November 2023, we collected inflow water from six wastewater treatment plants in Yongin city twice a month.

Speckle reduced holographic display system with a jointly optimized rotating phase mask.

Speckle noise degrades image quality in systems with coherent light sources, which must be overcome in holographic displays. In this Letter, we introduce a holographic display system with a rotating phase mask for speckle noise reduction. The rotating phase mask works in a similar way as a conventional rotating diffuser, but its pattern is jointly optimized with the spatial light modulator to maintain the contrast of the reconstructed image.

Mucosal Penetrative Polymeric Micelle Formulations for Insulin Delivery to the Respiratory Tract.

Purpose: Effective mucosal delivery of drugs continues to pose a significant challenge owing to the formidable barrier presented by the respiratory tract mucus, which efficiently traps and clears foreign particulates. The surface characteristics of micelles dictate their ability to penetrate the respiratory tract mucus. In this study, polymeric micelles loaded with insulin (INS) were modified using mucus-penetrative polymers.

Effectiveness and safety of acupuncture modalities for overweight and obesity treatment: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of RCTs.

Introduction: The effectiveness and safety of acupuncture in the treatment of obesity have not been assessed. This poses a challenge for clinicians who choose to use acupuncture in the treatment of obesity, as they are unable to prioritize this approach based on outcome variables.

Methods: In May 2024, a literature search of five databases was conducted.

Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based Adaptive Scheduling for Wireless Time-Sensitive Networking.

Time-sensitive networking (TSN) technologies have garnered attention for supporting time-sensitive communication services, with recent interest extending to the wireless domain. However, adapting TSN to wireless areas faces challenges due to the competitive channel utilization in IEEE 802.11, necessitating exclusive channels for low-latency services.

Multiwavelength Achromatic Deflector in the Visible Using a Single-Layer Freeform Metasurface.

Deflectors are essential for modulating beam direction in optical systems but often face form factor issues or chromatic aberration with conventional optical elements, such as prisms, mirrors, and diffractive/holographic optical elements. Despite recent efforts to address such issues using metasurfaces, their practicality remains limited due to operation wavelengths in the near-infrared or the fabrication difficulties inherent in the multilayer scheme. Here, we propose a novel single-layer metasurface achieving multiwavelength chromatic aberration-free deflection across the visible spectrum by employing the robust freeform design strategy to simplify the fabrication process.

Placement of 2 cages using navigation-guided biportal endoscopic transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion: illustrative case.

Background: In recent developments, full endoscopic and unilateral biportal endoscopic (UBE) spine surgery have emerged to aid the transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) procedure. Yet, both approaches present a challenge due to limited space for cage insertion, potentially leading to complications such as cage subsidence or nonfusion in long-term assessments. Utilizing double cages may mitigate these concerns.

Study of active food processing technology using computer vision and AI in coffee roasting.

In the modern food processing industry, which is more complex than in the past, it is important to utilize real-time computer vision for active food processing technology using artificial intelligence. An integrated solution of computer vision and Deep Learning (DL) technology provides quality control and optimization of food processing in complex environments with obstacles. In this study, Coffee Bean Classification Model (CBCM) made by Machine Learning (ML) showed excellent performance, accurately distinguishing coffee beans through the avoidance of obstacles and empty spaces inside a rotating roasting machine.

Field-Assisted Efficient Capturing and Analysis of Airborne Nanoparticulate Matter Using a Multifunctional Nanoporous Membrane.

As the potential adverse health and environmental effects of nanoscale pollutants have garnered significant attention, the demand for monitoring and capturing ultrafine particulate matter has been growing. With the rise in ultrafine dust emissions, this issue has become increasingly important. However, submicron particles require advanced strategies to be captured because of their limited inertial effect.

Effects of Edible Insect Powders as Meat Partial Substitute on Physicochemical Properties and Storage Stability of Pork Patties.

In this study, physicochemical and antioxidant properties, and storage stability (1, 3, and 7 days) of pork patties added with edible insect powders (EIP) of four species (Larvae of , , , and ) as meat partial substitutes were investigated. Twenty percent of each EIP was added to pork patties, and four treatments were prepared. On the other hand, two control groups were set, one with 0.

Glycinamide Facilitates Nanocomplex Formation and Functions Synergistically with Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 to Promote Osteoblast Differentiation In Vitro and Bone Regeneration in a Mouse Calvarial Defect Model.

Background: This study aimed to identify glycine analogs conducive to the formation of cell-absorbable nanocomplexes, enhancing collagen synthesis and subsequent osteogenesis in combination with BMP2 for improved bone regeneration.

Methods: Glycine and its derivatives were assessed for their effects on osteogenic differentiation in MC3T3-E1 cells and human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) under osteogenic conditions or with BMP2. Osteogenic differentiation was assessed through alkaline phosphatase staining and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR).

Geometry-Driven Fabrication of Mini-Tablets via 3D Printing: Correlating Release Kinetics with Polyhedral Shapes.

The aim of this study was to fabricate mini-tablets of polyhedrons containing theophylline using a fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printer, and to evaluate the correlation between release kinetics models and their geometric shapes. The filaments containing theophylline, hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), and EUDRAGIT RS PO (EU) could be obtained with a consistent thickness through pre-drying before hot melt extrusion (HME). Mini-tablets of polyhedrons ranging from tetrahedron to icosahedron were 3D-printed using the same formulation of the filament, ensuring equal volumes.

Unraveling the Potential of Attentive Bi-LSTM for Accurate Obesity Prognosis: Advancing Public Health towards Sustainable Cities.

The global prevalence of obesity presents a pressing challenge to public health and healthcare systems, necessitating accurate prediction and understanding for effective prevention and management strategies. This article addresses the need for improved obesity prediction models by conducting a comprehensive analysis of existing machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) approaches. This study introduces a novel hybrid model, Attention-based Bi-LSTM (ABi-LSTM), which integrates attention mechanisms with bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (Bi-LSTM) networks to enhance interpretability and performance in obesity prediction.

Freeform metasurface color router for deep submicron pixel image sensors.

Advances in imaging technologies have led to a high demand for ultracompact, high-resolution image sensors. However, color filter-based image sensors, now miniaturized to deep submicron pixel sizes, face challenges such as low signal-to-noise ratio due to fewer photons per pixel and inherent efficiency limitations from color filter arrays. Here, we demonstrate a freeform metasurface color router that achieves ultracompact pixel sizes while overcoming the efficiency limitations of conventional architectures by splitting and focusing visible light instead of filtering.

Additive-Driven Nanoscale Architecture of Solid Electrolyte Interphase Revealed by Cryogenic Transmission Electron Microscopy.

In Li metal batteries (LMBs), which boast the highest theoretical capacity, the chemical structure of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) serves as the key component that governs the growth of reactive Li. Various types of additives have been developed for electrolyte optimization, representing one of the most effective strategies to enhance the SEI properties for stable Li plating. However, as advanced electrolyte systems become more chemically complicated, the use of additives is empirically optimized.

Nonvolatile Reconfigurable Logic Device Based on Photoinduced Interfacial Charge Trapping in van der Waals Gap.

Due to the increasing complexity in miniaturization of electronic devices, reconfigurable field-effect transistors (RFETs) have emerged as a solution. Although the foundational concepts of RFETs have matured over two decades, ongoing breakthroughs are needed to address challenges such as improving the device performance as well as achieving balanced symmetry between -type and -type transport modes with long-term stability. Herein, we present a nonvolatile WSe-based RFET that utilizes photoassisted interfacial charge trapping at the h-BN and SiO interface.

Sensor-Based Indoor Fire Forecasting Using Transformer Encoder.

Indoor fires may cause casualties and property damage, so it is important to develop a system that predicts fires in advance. There have been studies to predict potential fires using sensor values, and they mostly exploited machine learning models or recurrent neural networks. In this paper, we propose a stack of Transformer encoders for fire prediction using multiple sensors.

Donor body mass index over 30 is no barrier for pure laparoscopic donor right hepatectomy.

Backgrounds/aims: Challenges arise when translating pure laparoscopic donor right hepatectomy (PLDRH) results from Asian to Western donors, due to differences in body mass index (BMI). This study compares the outcomes of PLDRH and conventional open donor right hepatectomy (CDRH) in donors with BMI over 30.

Methods: Medical records of live liver donors (BMI > 30) undergoing right hepatectomy (2010-2021) were compared: 25 PLDRH cases vs.