Hydrogen-induced Sulfur Vacancies on the MoS Basal Plane Studied by Ambient Pressure XPS and DFT Calculations.

Sulfur vacancy on an MoS basal plane plays a crucial role in device performance and catalytic activity; thus, an understanding of the electronic states of sulfur vacancies is still an important issue. We investigate the electronic states on an MoS basal plane by ambient-pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (AP-XPS) and density functional theory calculations while heating the system in hydrogen. The AP-XPS results show a decrease in the intensity ratio of S 2p to Mo 3d, indicating that sulfur vacancies are formed.

Elucidation of the atomic-scale processes of dissociative adsorption and spillover of hydrogen on the single atom alloy catalyst Pd/Cu(111).

Hydrogen spillover is a crucial process in the selective hydrogenation reactions on Pd/Cu single atom alloy catalysts. In this study, we report the atomic-scale perspective of these processes on the single atom alloy catalyst Pd/Cu(111) based on the experimental and theoretical results, including infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRAS), temperature programmed desorption (TPD), high-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HR-XPS), and density functional theory (DFT) calculations for core-level excitation. The hydrogen spillover onto Cu(111) was successfully observed in real time using time-resolved IRAS measurements at 80 K.

Evaporation-Crystallization Method to Promote Coalescence-Induced Jumping on Superhydrophobic Surfaces.

Biphilic surfaces exhibit outstanding condensation efficiency compared to surfaces having homogeneous wettability. Especially, hydrophilic patterns on a superhydrophobic substrate significantly promote the coalescence-induced jumping of condensed droplets by increasing the nucleation rate of condensation, thus enhancing the condensation efficiency drastically. However, the application of biphilic surfaces in practical industries remains challenging because controlling the size and spacing of the hydrophilic spots on large and complex surfaces is difficult.

A Retrospective Mid- and Long-term Follow-up Study on the Changes in Hematologic Parameters in the Highly Exposed Residents of the Hebei Spirit Oil Spill in Taean, South Korea.

Objectives: This study aimed to analyze changes in hematologic parameters in the residents of the areas highly contaminated by the Hebei Spirit Oil Spill in 2007 and those who participated in the clean-up activities.

Methods: According to demographic characteristics, health status and behavior, and level of exposure to oil, we compared the hematologic results in 2009 and 2012 among 701 residents. The hematologic parameters were composed of white blood cell (WBC) count, and levels of hemoglobin, hematocrit (Hct), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr), total cholesterol (T-chol), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and triglyceride (TG).

A new method for estimating the prevalence of clonorchiasis in Korea: A proposal to replace arbitrary riverside sampling.

South Korea presently uses an arbitrary sampling method to monitor the prevalence of Clonorchis sinensis infection in the endemic areas of the country. However, the present method is not standardized and focuses primarily on individuals who reside nearest to the mainstream river. We propose a new sampling method that combines cluster sampling with proportionate quota sampling to ensure that the entire endemic area is accurately represented.

Oxidative stress biomarkers in long-term participants in clean-up work after the Hebei Spirit oil spill.

Background: The oil tanker Hebei Spirit spilled 12,547kL of oil near the western coastline of Korea on December 7, 2007. We aimed to investigate the relationship between oil spill exposure and oxidative stress in residents living near the affected area.

Methods: Study subjects were 671 residents who participated in a health examination between February and September 2009.

Respiratory effects of the hebei spirit oil spill on children in taean, Korea.

Purpose: The oil spill from the Heibei Spirit in December 2007 contaminated the Yellow Coast of South Korea. We evaluated the respiratory effects of that spill on children who lived along the Yellow Coast.

Methods: Of 662 children living in the area exposed to the oil spill, 436 (65.

Burden of disease attributable to the Hebei Spirit oil spill in Taean, Korea.

Objectives: We aimed to assess the burden of disease (BOD) of the residents living in contaminated coastal area with oil spill and also analysed the BOD attributable to the oil spill by disease, age, sex and subregion.

Design: Health impact assessment by measuring years lived with disability (YLD) due to an oil spill.

Setting: A whole population of a community affected by an anthropogenic environmental disaster and secondary health outcome data.

Activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase is required for death receptor-independent caspase-8 activation and cell death in response to sphingosine.

Sphingosine induces activation of multiple signaling pathways that play critical roles in controlling cell death. However, the precise molecular mechanism of cell death induced by sphingosine remains to be clarified. In this study, we show that sphingosine induces death receptor-independent caspase-8 activation and apoptotic cell death via p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation and that suppression of the MAPK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) kinase/ERK pathway by protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is required for p38 MAPK activation.

Opposing roles of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in the cellular response to ionizing radiation in human cervical cancer cells.

Exposure of cells to ionizing radiation induces activation of multiple signaling pathways that play critical roles in determining cell fate. However, the molecular basis for cell death or survival signaling in response to radiation is unclear at present. Here, we show opposing roles of the c-jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways in the mitochondrial cell death in response to ionizing radiation in human cervical cancer cells.