Correction: The association between the risk perceptions of COVID-19, trust in the government, political ideologies, and socio-demographic factors: A year-long cross-sectional study in South Korea.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Smoking Cessation and Risk of Hidradenitis Suppurativa Development.

Importance: Although tobacco smoking is established as a risk factor for hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), studies on the effects of smoking cessation on HS are limited, and evidence is lacking.

Objective: To examine the association between changes in smoking status and the development of HS.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This population-based cohort study enrolled participants from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database who had undergone 2 consecutive biennial health examinations (2004-2005 and 2006-2007) as the primary cohort.

Effectiveness of mixed reality-based rehabilitation on hands and fingers by individual finger-movement tracking in patients with stroke.

Background: Mixed reality (MR) is helpful in hand training for patients with stroke, allowing them to fully submerge in a virtual space while interacting with real objects. The recognition of individual finger movements is required for MR rehabilitation. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of updated MR-board 2, adding finger training for patients with stroke.

Effect of smoking cessation on psoriasis vulgaris, palmoplantar pustulosis and generalized pustular psoriasis.

Background: Smoking is a known risk factor for psoriasis; however, the impact of smoking cessation on psoriasis has seldom been evaluated.

Objectives: We aimed to examine the effects of smoking cessation on the development of psoriasis vulgaris (PsV), palmoplantar pustulosis (PPP) and generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP).

Methods: Using the Korean National Health Insurance Service database, we retrospectively compiled a cohort of 5 784 973 participants without psoriasis, analysed their changes in smoking status from 2004 to 2007 and followed up new cases of psoriasis until 2021.

A Comprehensive Landscape of Malignancy After Double Lung Transplantation.

Although the association between post-transplant malignancy (PTM) and immunosuppressive therapy after organ transplantation has been studied, an integrated review of PTM after lung transplantation is lacking. We investigated the incidence and types of PTM and its impact on survival following double lung transplantation (DLT). The incidence and type of PTM as well as the annual and cumulative risks of each malignancy after DLT were analyzed.

The association between the risk perceptions of COVID-19, trust in the government, political ideologies, and socio-demographic factors: A year-long cross-sectional study in South Korea.

Risk perception research, targeting the general public, necessitates the study of the multi-faceted aspects of perceived risk through a holistic approach. This study aimed to investigate the association between the two dimensions of risk perception of COVID-19, i.e.

Intraparenchymal metastases as a cause for local recurrence of pancreatic cancer.

Using CODA, a technique for three-dimensional reconstruction of large tissues, Kiemen et al. report observation of a microscopic focus of pancreatic cancer found in the vasculature of grossly normal human pancreas tissue resected adjacent to a large tumour. They use TP53 and SMAD4 staining to relate the small focus to the primary tumour.

The feasibility of mixed reality-based upper extremity self-training for patients with stroke-A pilot study.

Unlabelled: Mixed reality (MR), which combines virtual reality and tangible objects, can be used for repetitive training by patients with stroke, allowing them to be immersed in a virtual environment while maintaining their perception of the real world. We developed an MR-based rehabilitation board (MR-board) for the upper limb, particularly for hand rehabilitation, and aimed to demonstrate the feasibility of the MR-board as a self-training rehabilitation tool for the upper extremity in stroke patients. The MR-board contains five gamified programs that train upper-extremity movements by using the affected hand and six differently shaped objects.

Identifying patients with deteriorating generalized pustular psoriasis: Development of a prediction model.

Generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) is a life-threatening condition; however, little is known about the factors that can predict GPP patients manifesting a deteriorating course. To investigate the demographics and clinical features of adult inpatient GPP and propose a prediction model for detecting fatal GPP (fGPP) and GPP requiring intensive care unit admission (iGPP) patients, a nationwide population-based retrospective cohort study was conducted. The adult inpatients with GPP from January 2007 to December 2020 were assessed.

Mechanical tension mobilizes Lgr6 epidermal stem cells to drive skin growth.

Uniquely among mammalian organs, skin is capable of marked size change in adults, yet the mechanisms underlying this notable capacity are unclear. Here, we use a system of controlled tissue expansion in mice to uncover cellular and molecular determinants of skin growth. Through machine learning-guided three-dimensional tissue reconstruction, we capture morphometric changes in growing skin.

The association between immunosuppressants use and COVID-19 adverse outcomes: national COVID-19 cohort in South Korea.

Background: There is uncertainty of the effect of immunosuppression, including corticosteroids, before COVID-19 infection on COVID-19 outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between prehospitalization immunosuppressants use (exposure) and COVID-19 patient outcomes.

Methods: We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study using a nationwide healthcare claims database of South Korea as of May 15, 2020.

The association between statin and COVID-19 adverse outcomes: national COVID-19 cohort in South Korea.

Background: There currently exist limited and conflicting clinical data on the use of statins in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. The aim of this paper was to compare hospitalized patients with COVID-19 who did and did not receive statins.

Methods: We performed a population-based retrospective cohort study using South Korea's nationwide healthcare claim database.

The prognostic role of anticoagulants in COVID-19 patients: national COVID-19 cohort in South Korea.

Background: There currently exists a paucity of data on whether pre-admission anticoagulants use may have benefits among COVID-19 patients by preventing COVID-19 associated thromboembolism. The aim of this study was to assess the association between pre-admission anticoagulants use and COVID-19 adverse outcomes.

Methods: We conducted a population-based cohort studying using the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA) claims data released by the South Korean government.

Estimation and inference on high-dimensional individualized treatment rule in observational data using split-and-pooled de-correlated score.

With the increasing adoption of electronic health records, there is an increasing interest in developing individualized treatment rules, which recommend treatments according to patients' characteristics, from large observational data. However, there is a lack of valid inference procedures for such rules developed from this type of data in the presence of high-dimensional covariates. In this work, we develop a penalized doubly robust method to estimate the optimal individualized treatment rule from high-dimensional data.

Colchicine use in patients with COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Colchicine may inhibit inflammasome signaling and reduce proinflammatory cytokines, a purported mechanism of COVID-19 pneumonia. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to report on the state of the current literature on the use of colchicine in COVID-19 and to investigate the reported clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients by colchicine usage.

Methods: The literature was searched from January 2019 through January 28, 2021.

Development of an ergonomic design process for smartphone hard key locations.

Smartphone hard key locations need to be ergonomically determined to improve grip stability and operational efficiency for users' convenience. The present study proposed an ergonomic design process that determines smartphone hard key locations by statistically analyzing the preferred hard key control areas of users with various hand sizes based on users' preferred grip postures and hard key control areas. The proposed design process analyzes the characteristics of product design, user, task, and use context, the types of preferred grip posture, the preference distribution of grip posture, and the preference distribution of hard-key area, and then recommends the locations of hard keys by considering the preference distribution of hard-key area and design constraints.

The protective association between statins use and adverse outcomes among COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Statins may reduce a cytokine storm, which has been hypothesized as a possible mechanism of severe COVID-19 pneumonia. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to report on adverse outcomes among COVID-19 patients by statin usage.

Methods: Literatures were searched from January 2019 to December 2020 to identify studies that reported the association between statin usage and adverse outcomes, including mortality, ICU admissions, and mechanical ventilation.

Stereotypic neutralizing V antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor binding domain in patients with COVID-19 and healthy individuals.

Stereotypic antibody clonotypes exist in healthy individuals and may provide protective immunity against viral infections by neutralization. We observed that 13 of 17 patients with COVID-19 had stereotypic variable heavy chain (V) antibody clonotypes directed against the receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. These antibody clonotypes were composed of immunoglobulin heavy variable 3-53 () or and immunoglobulin heavy joining 6 () genes.

Simultaneous spatial smoothing and outlier detection using penalized regression, with application to childhood obesity surveillance from electronic health records.

Electronic health records (EHRs) have become a platform for data-driven granular-level surveillance in recent years. In this paper, we make use of EHRs for early prevention of childhood obesity. The proposed method simultaneously provides smooth disease mapping and outlier information for obesity prevalence that are useful for raising public awareness and facilitating targeted intervention.

Cognitive Training Using Fully Immersive, Enriched Environment Virtual Reality for Patients With Mild Cognitive Impairment and Mild Dementia: Feasibility and Usability Study.

Background: Cognitive training using virtual reality (VR) may result in motivational and playful training for patients with mild cognitive impairment and mild dementia. Fully immersive VR sets patients free from external interference and thus encourages patients with cognitive impairment to maintain selective attention. The enriched environment, which refers to a rich and stimulating environment, has a positive effect on cognitive function and mood.

Implementation of a Home-Based mHealth App Intervention Program With Human Mediation for Swallowing Tongue Pressure Strengthening Exercises in Older Adults: Longitudinal Observational Study.

Background: Tongue pressure is an effective index of swallowing function, and it decreases with aging and disease progression. Previous research has shown beneficial effects of swallowing exercises combined with myofunctional tongue-strengthening therapy on tongue function. Tongue exercises delivered through mobile health (mHealth) technologies have the potential to advance health care in the digital age to be more efficient for people with limited resources, especially older adults.

Measurement of Nasalance Scores Without Touching the Philtrum for Better Comfort During Speech Assessment and Therapy: A Preliminary Study.

Objective: The Kay Pentax nasometer uses a separator plate that touches the philtrum of a patient to separate the nasal and oral sound energies for nasalance measurement. However, the separator plate can restrict the natural movement of the patient's upper lip and generate unpleasant pressure on the patient's philtrum. The present study was intended to measure nasalance scores without touching the philtrum for better comfort during speech assessment and therapy.

Development of an Ultrasonic Doppler Sensor-Based Swallowing Monitoring and Assessment System.

Existing swallowing evaluation methods using X-ray or endoscopy are qualitative. The present study develops a swallowing monitoring and assessment system (SMAS) that is nonintrusive and quantitative. The SMAS comprises an ultrasonic Doppler sensor array, a microphone, and an inertial measurement unit to measure ultrasound signals originating only from swallowing activities.