Pyrolysis and co-pyrolysis of Laminaria japonica and polypropylene over mesoporous Al-SBA-15 catalyst.

The catalytic co-pyrolysis of a seaweed biomass, Laminaria japonica, and a typical polymer material, polypropylene, was studied for the first time. A mesoporous material Al-SBA-15 was used as a catalyst. Pyrolysis experiments were conducted using a fixed-bed reactor and pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS).

Metal-organic framework@microporous organic network: hydrophobic adsorbents with a crystalline inner porosity.

This work reports the synthesis and application of metal-organic framework (MOF)@microporous organic network (MON) hybrid materials. Coating a MOF, UiO-66-NH2, with MONs forms hybrid microporous materials with hydrophobic surfaces. The original UiO-66-NH2 shows good wettability in water.

Catalytic conversion of cellulose over mesoporous Y zeolite.

Mesoporous Y zeolite (Meso-Y) was applied, for the first time, to the catalytic pyrolysis of cellulose which is a major constituent of lignocellulosic biomass, to produce high-quality bio-oil. A representative mesoporous catalyst Al-MCM-41 was also used to compare its catalytic activity with that of Meso-Y. Pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry was used for the experiments.

Removal of NO(x) at low temperature over mesoporous alpha-Mn2O3 catalyst.

Low-temperature selective catalytic reduction was carried out over various kinds of manganese oxide (MnOx) catalysts. Mesoporous alpha-Mn2O3, commercial bulk Mn2O3, and Mn/SBA-15 were used as the catalyst. The NOx removal performances of the catalysts were compared.

Conversion of kraft lignin over hierarchical MFI zeolite.

Catalytic pyrolysis of kraft lignin was carried out using pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Hierarchical mesoporous MFI was used as the catalyst and another mesoporous material Al-SBA-15 was also used for comparison. The characteristics of mesoporous MFI were analyzed by X-ray diffraction patterns, N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms, and temperature programmed desorption of NH3.

In situ catalytic pyrolysis of miscanthus over modified SBA-15 catalysts using Py-GC/MS.

Various SBA-15-based catalysts, Si-SBA-15, Pt/Si-SBA-15, Al-SBA-15, and Pt/Al-SBA-15, were applied to the catalytic pyrolysis of miscanthus. Pt nanoparticles with three different sizes, 1.7 nm, 2.

Hydroisomerization of n-dodecane over Pt/Al-MCM-48 catalysts.

The objective of this study is to evaluate the catalytic potential of Pt/Al-MCM-48 catalysts in hydroisomerization of n-dodecane. The effects of the Si/Al ratio and platinum loading on the acid characteristics of Al-MCM-48 and the catalytic performance in n-dodecane hydroisomerization were analyzed. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption, infrared spectroscopy of pyridine adsorption, and temperature programmed desorption of ammonia.

Application of mesoporous Al-MCM-48 material to the conversion of lignin.

Al-MCM-48 was applied to the catalytic pyrolysis of lignin for the first time. The pyrolysis reaction and in-situ product were analyzed by pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The main products of the non-catalytic pyrolysis of lignin were phenols.

Catalytic upgrading of xylan over mesoporous Y catalyst.

In-situ catalytic cracking of xylan, a model compound of hemicellulose, was carried out using pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry over mesoporous Y for the first time. Experiments were conducted at three different temperatures, 400 degrees C, 450 degrees C, and 500 degrees C, to investigate the effect of reaction temperature. Three different biomass-to-catalyst ratios, 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3, were tested at 500 degrees C to examine the effect of catalyst dose.

HIF-1-dependent induction of Jumonji domain-containing protein (JMJD) 3 under hypoxic conditions.

Jumonji domain-containing proteins (JMJD) catalyze the oxidative demethylation of a methylated lysine residue of histones by using O2, α-ketoglutarate, vitamin C, and Fe(II). Several JMJDs are induced by hypoxic stress to compensate their presumed reduction in catalytic activity under hypoxia. In this study, we showed that an H3K27me3 specific histone demethylase, JMJD3 was induced by hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α/β under hypoxia and that treatment with Clioquinol, a HIF-1α activator, increased JMJD3 expression even under normoxia.

Slow pyrolysis of rice straw: analysis of products properties, carbon and energy yields.

Among many uses of rice straw, application of its biochar from pyrolysis to the soil is receiving greater interest for increased crop productivity and sequestration of CO2. This study investigated slow pyrolysis of rice straw at 300-700°C to characterize the yields and detailed composition of the biochar, bio-oil and non-condensable gases. Biochar was analyzed for pH, microscopic surface area and pore volume distribution.

Catalytic conversion of Undaria Pinnatifida over nanoporous materials using Py-GC/MS.

Catalytic pyrolysis of Undaria Pinnatifida was carried out over a nanoporous Al-SBA-15 catalyst for the first time. Pt nanoparticles were added to Al-SBA-15 to generate a Pt/Al-SBA-15 catalyst. The effect of the addition of the Pt nanoparticles on the catalytic pyrolysis was investigated.

Catalytic oxidation of benzene using mesoporous alpha-Mn2O3.

The catalytic oxidation of benzene was carried out over mesoporous alpha-Mn2O3, MnOx/KIT-6, and bulk commercial Mn oxides (Mn2O3, MnO2, and MnO). The catalysts were characterized using X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis, and temperature-programmed reduction analysis. MnOx/KIT-6, prepared by impregnating MnOx on KIT-6, exhibited a low activity for the oxidation of benzene, whereas mesoporous alpha-Mn2O3, manufactured using KIT-6 as the template, showed a high activity.

Effect of Pt particle size on the hydroisomerization of n-dodecane over Pt/Ai-SBA-15 catalysts.

The hydroisomerization of n-dodecane was carried out over platinum-impregnated Al-SBA-15 as a bifunctional catalyst. A range of Pt/Al-SBA-15 catalysts with a Pt particle size of 1.7, 2.

Comparison of biochar properties from biomass residues produced by slow pyrolysis at 500°C.

Application of biochar from biomass pyrolysis to soil is gaining greater interest; this can ameliorate the soil quality, reduce fertilizer consumption, and sequestrate carbon. This study compares the characteristics of biochar produced by slow pyrolysis at 500°C for agricultural residues: sugarcane bagasse, cocopeat, paddy straw, palm kernel shell (PKS) and umbrella tree. In the biochar yield, the influence of the inert and lignin contents was significant.

Rapid destruction of the rhodamine B using TiO2 photocatalyst in the liquid phase plasma.

Background: Rhodamine B (RhB) is widely used as a colorant in textiles and food stuffs, and is also a well-known water tracer fluorescent. It is harmful to human beings and animals, and causes irritation of the skin, eyes and respiratory tract. The carcinogenicity, reproductive and developmental toxicity, neurotoxicity and chronic toxicity toward humans and animals have been experimentally proven.

Hypoxia-inducible factor-2α-dependent hypoxic induction of Wnt10b expression in adipogenic cells.

Adipocyte hyperplasia and hypertrophy in obesity can lead to many changes in adipose tissue, such as hypoxia, metabolic dysregulation, and enhanced secretion of cytokines. In this study, hypoxia increased the expression of Wnt10b in both human and mouse adipogenic cells, but not in hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-2α-deficient adipogenic cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that HIF-2α, but not HIF-1α, bound to the Wnt10b enhancer region as well as upstream of the Wnt1 gene, which is encoded by an antisense strand of the Wnt10b gene.

Removal of indoor formaldehyde over CMK-8 adsorbents.

CMK-8, a mesoporous carbon material, was activated using different methods for the adsorption of low-concentration airborne formaldehyde. KOH and ammonia treatments were used to activate CMK-8. A CMK-8 sample was treated with KOH first followed by an ammonia-treatment at 700 degrees C to determine the effect of a combination of the two treatment methods.

Catalytic fast pyrolysis of lignin over mesoporous Y zeolite using Py-GC/MS.

The catalytic pyrolysis of lignin was carried out at 500 degrees C using pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. In-situ vapor cracking method, in which the vapor-phase products from the noncatalytic pyrolysis step were catalytically upgraded in the second step, was used. Mesoporous Y zeolite, which was synthesized from commercial zeolite Y (CBV720) using the pseudomorphic synthesis method, was used for the catalytic pyrolysis of lignin for the first time.

Bio-oil upgrading via catalytic pyrolysis of waste mandarin residue over SBA-15 catalysts.

Mesoporous SBA-15-based catalysts were applied, for the first time, to the pyrolysis of waste mandarin residue. Si-SBA-15 with few acid sites, Al-SBA-15 with a significant amount of acid sites owing to the alumination treatment, and Pt/Al-SBA-15, which was synthesized by incorporating 7.1-nm Pt nanoparticles on Al-SBA-15, were used.

Development of a moment model for condensational obliteration of nanoparticle aggregates.

A new method of simulating condensational obliteration in the framework of the moment method is presented. The nanoparticle size distribution was assumed to be represented by a time-evolving log-normal function during the particle growth. The rate of change in the primary particle size due to obliteration was expressed as a function of the surface growth rate and three size distribution moments.

Catalytic characteristics of titanium oxide/MCM-41 synthesized by liquid phase atomic layer deposition.

Titanium oxide on MCM-41 was synthesized using the atomic layer deposition (ALD) method. BET, XRD, NH3-TPD and EDS were used to study the structural properties of the supported titanium oxides. The surface area of catalysts decreased with increasing of the amount of titanium in precursor solution.

Influence of a surfactant and reducing agent on preparation of palladium.

We investigated the influence of a surfactant and reducing agent on the preparation of palladium nanoparticles, characterizing the prepared palladium nanoparticles by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and X-ray diffractometer (XRD). Colloidal palladium nanoparticles are prepared using PdCl2 as a precursor and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as a surfactant. In addition, hydrogen and sodium borohydride are used as reducing agents are used to characterize the prepared palladium nanoparticles.

Biodiesel production via the transesterification of soybean oil using waste starfish (Asterina pectinifera).

Calcined waste starfish was used as a base catalyst for the production of biodiesel from soybean oil for the first time. A batch reactor was used for the transesterification reaction. The thermal characteristics and crystal structures of the waste starfish were investigated by thermo-gravimetric analysis and X-ray diffraction.

Catalytic pyrolysis of waste mandarin over nanoporous materials.

Catalytic pyrolysis of waste mandarin was performed using nanoporous catalysts. AI-MCM-41 and Meso-MFI, which had different acid characteristics, were used. In addition, the characteristics of Pt/Meso-MFI were compared with those of Meso-MFI.