Understanding the role of the gut microbiome in solid tumor responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors for personalized therapeutic strategies: a review.

Immunotherapy, especially immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy, has yielded remarkable outcomes for some patients with solid cancers, but others do not respond to these treatments. Recent research has identified the gut microbiota as a key modulator of immune responses, suggesting that its composition is closely linked to responses to ICI therapy in cancer treatment. As a result, the gut microbiome is gaining attention as a potential biomarker for predicting individual responses to ICI therapy and as a target for enhancing treatment efficacy.

Fecal Microbial Dysbiosis Is Associated with Colorectal Cancer Risk in a Korean Population.

Purpose: The association between the fecal microbiota and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk has been suggested in epidemiologic studies. However, data from large-scale population-based studies are lacking.

Materials And Methods: In this case-control study, we recruited 283 CRC patients from the Center for Colorectal Cancer, National Cancer Center Hospital, Korea to perform 16S rRNA gene sequencing of fecal samples.

Immunobiotic Bacteria Attenuate Hepatic Fibrosis through the Modulation of Gut Microbiota and the Activation of Aryl-Hydrocarbon Receptors Pathway in Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis Mice.

Scope: Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide that can progress to liver fibrosis (LF). Probiotics have beneficial roles in reducing intestinal inflammation and gut-associated diseases, but their effects and mechanisms beyond the gut in attenuating the progression of LF are remained unclear.

Methods And Results: In a mouse model of NASH/LF induced by a methionine-choline deficient (MCD) diet, immunobiotics are administered to investigate their therapeutic effects.

Lacticaseibacillus paracasei completely utilizes fructooligosacchrides in the human gut through β-fructosidase (FosE).

The fecal microbiota of two healthy adults was cultivated in a medium containing commercial fructooligosaccharides [FOS; 1-kestose (GF), nystose (GF), and 1-fructofuranosylnystose (GF)]. Initially, the proportions of lactobacilli in the two feces samples were only 0.42% and 0.

Heat-killed ameliorates allergic airway inflammation in mice.

Allergic asthma (AA) is a common inflammatory airway disease characterized by increased airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR), inflammation, and remodeling. is a strictly anaerobic bacterium residing in the gut and is a promising next-generation probiotic to improve metabolic inflammatory syndrome. A recent study suggested the beneficial effect of live on allergic airway inflammation (AAI) in mice.

Associations among the Duodenal Ecosystem, Gut Microbiota, and Nutrient Intake in Functional Dyspepsia.

Background/aims: : Functional dyspepsia (FD) has long been regarded as a syndrome because its pathophysiology is multifactorial. However, recent reports have provided evidence that changes in the duodenal ecosystem may be the key. This study aimed to identify several gastrointestinal factors and biomarkers associated with FD, specifically changes in the duodenal ecosystem that may be key to understanding its pathophysiology.

A Novel Carotenoid-Producing Bacterium, sp. nov., Isolated from Korean Marine Environment.

The novel bacterial strain MBLB1776 was isolated from marine mud in Uljin, the Republic of Korea. Cells were Gram-positive, spore-forming, non-motile, and non-flagellated rods. Growth was observed at a temperature range of 10-45 °C, pH range of 6.

Gut microbiome in healthy aging versus those associated with frailty.

As the proportion of older people in the world's population steadily increases, there is an urgent need to identify ways to support healthy aging. The gut microbiome has been proposed to be involved in aging-related diseases and has become an attractive target for improving health in older people. Herein, we cover the relationship between the gut microbiome and chronological age in adults, and then, we discuss the gut microbiome features associated with frailty, as a hallmark of unhealthy aging in older people.

Pharmaceutical efficacy of novel human-origin strains on high-fat-diet-induced obesity and associated metabolic disorders in mice.

Introduction: Obesity and related metabolic issues are a growing global health concern. Recently, the discovery of new probiotics with anti-obesity properties has gained interest.

Methods: In this study, four strains were isolated from healthy human feces and evaluated on a high-fat diet-induced mouse model for 12 weeks.

Discovery biomarker to optimize obeticholic acid treatment for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

The response rate to obeticholic acid (OCA), a potential therapeutic agent for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, is limited. This study demonstrated that upregulation of the alternative bile acid synthesis pathway increases the OCA treatment response rate. The hepatic transcriptome and bile acid metabolite profile analyses revealed that the alternative bile acid synthesis pathway (Cyp7b1 and muricholic acid) in the OCA-responder group were upregulated compared with those in the OCA-non-responder group.

prevents hepatic damage in a mouse model of NASH induced by a high-fructose high-fat diet.

Introduction: Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is an advanced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease characterized by chronic inflammation and fibrosis. A dysbiosis of the gut microbiota has been associated with the pathophysiology of NASH, and probiotics have proven helpful in its treatment and prevention. Although both traditional and next-generation probiotics have the potential to alleviate various diseases, studies that observe the therapeutic effect of next-generation probiotics on NASH are lacking.

Modulation of gut microbiota by rice starch enzymatically modified using amylosucrase from .

Unlabelled: Amylosucrase can increase the amount of resistant starch (RS) in starch by transferring glucose from sucrose to amylopectin. Here, rice starch was modified using amylosucrase from (DgAS). DgAS-modified rice starch (DMRS) increased the side-chain length of amylopectin and appeared in the form of B-type crystals.

Impact of the herbal medicine, stapf on gut microbiota and body weight in a diet-induced obesity model.

Obesity is a chronic metabolic disease caused by excessive body fat and has become a global public health problem. Evidence suggests that obesity and obesity-induced metabolic disorders are closely related to gut microbiota. Bupropion (BP), an antidepressant medicine, and Stapf [Ephedraceae; Ephedrae Herba], a herbal medicine, are sympathetic stimulants and have weight loss effects.

Genomic and Physiological Characterization of sp. nov., a Novel Carotenoid-Producing Isolated from Korean Marine Mud.

The newly isolated strain KIGAM252 was found to be facultatively anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, and rod-shaped. They grew at 10-45 °C, pH 6.0-10.

Human gut commensal bacterium species FMB-CY1 completely degrades the granules of resistant starch.

Unlabelled: Resistant starch (RS) in the diet reaches the large intestine and is fermented by the gut microbiota, providing beneficial effects on human health. The human gut bacterium FMB-CY1 was isolated and identified as a new species closest to . sp.