Extract Reduces Weight Gain in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet.

This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of extract (CME) in counteracting adipogenesis and its associated metabolic disturbances in murine models. In vitro experiments utilizing 3T3-L1 preadipocytes revealed that CME potently inhibited adipocyte differentiation, as evidenced by a dose-dependent reduction in lipid droplet formation. Remarkably, CME also attenuated glucose uptake and intracellular triglyceride accumulation in fully differentiated adipocytes, suggesting its ability to modulate metabolic pathways in mature adipose cells.

Extract Exerts Protective Effects against Methionine- and Choline-Deficient Diet-Induced Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis in Mice.

In recent years, there has been increasing interest in exploring the potential therapeutic advantages of extracts (CME) for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effects of CME on NASH using a mice model. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was employed to identify cucurbitacin E and cucurbitacin E-2-O-glucoside from the CME.

Induction of Browning in White Adipocytes: Fucoidan Characterization and Gold Nanoparticle Synthesis from Sporophyll Extract.

Seaweed extracts and their specific polysaccharides are widely known for their ability to act as reducing and capping agents during nanoparticle synthesis. Their application is highly favored in green synthesis methods, owing to their eco-friendliness, cost-effectiveness, and remarkable time and energy efficiency. In this study, fucoidan extracted from sporophyll (UPS) is introduced as a polysaccharide that effectively serves as a dual-function reducing and capping agent for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs).

OGD/R-induced ferroptosis and pyroptosis in retinal pigment epithelium cells: Role of PLD1 and PLD2 modulation.

This study investigated the role of phospholipase D (PLD) in retinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury using an oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) model commonly used in retinal I/R injury research. To create an in vitro cellular I/R model, pharmacological inhibitors and small interfering RNA (siRNA) were used to target PLD1 and PLD2 in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. Treatment with PLD inhibitors and siRNA reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) induced by OGD/R in RPE cells and increased the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH), indicating a reduction in oxidative damage and improvement in the antioxidant system.

Adiposity Reduction by var. Extract in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice.

This study investigated the anti-obesity effects of var. (CG) in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). The mice received CG water extract (CGWE) treatment for 8 weeks, and changes in body weight and serum lipid levels were analyzed.

Anti‑tumor effects of an aqueous extract of in BALB/cKorl syngeneic mice using colon carcinoma CT26 cells.

() is well known as one of edible alga that contains various unique polyphenols. The anti‑tumor activity of an aqueous extract of (AEC) against colon carcinoma was evaluated by analyzing the alterations in tumor growth, histopathological structure and molecular mechanisms in CT26 tumor‑bearing BALB/cKorl syngeneic mice after administrating AEC for five weeks. AEC contained high total phenolic contents and demonstrated significant scavenging activity against 2,2‑diphenyl‑1‑picrylhydrazyl radicals.

Cucurbitacin B-, E-, and I-Induced Browning of White Adipocytes Is Promoted by the Inhibition of Phospholipase D2.

The mechanism of white adipose tissue browning is not well understood; however, naturally occurring compounds are known to play a positive role. The effects of cucurbitacins B, E, and I on the browning of mature white adipocytes were investigated. First, the cell viability exhibited by cucurbitacins B, E, and I in pre- and mature adipocytes was verified.

Edible Vitalmelon Fruit Extract Inhibits Adipogenesis and Ameliorates High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity.

Conventional breeding of wild ( var. makuwa Makino (CM)) and cultivated ( var. reticulatus (CR)) melons is aimed at improving their biological traits.

α-Iso-cubebene attenuates neointima formation by inhibiting HMGB1-induced monocyte to macrophage differentiation via suppressing ROS production.

α-Iso-cubebene (ICB) is a dibenzocyclooctadiene lignin contained in Schisandra chinensis, a medicinal herb used to improve cardiovascular symptoms. To investigate the mechanisms involved, the effects of ICB on cellular production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was determined using cultured human THP-1 cells. When THP-1 cells were stimulated with HMGB1, cellular concentration of ROS was increased in dose- and time-dependent manners.

Characterization of Extract-Functionalized Au Nanostructures and Their Anti-Adipogenic Activity through PLD1.

Here, Au nanostructure (AuNS) biosynthesis was mediated through ethanolic extract of (PT) without the use of stabilizers or surfactants. PT-functionalized AuNSs (PT-AuNSs) were analyzed using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Stable monodisperse PT-AuNSs were synthesized, with a mean size of 15.

Novel role of as a stimulator of focal cell adhesion through the regulation of MLC2/FAK/Akt signaling pathway.

To investigate a novel function of on focal cell adhesion stimulation, alterations to the regulation of focal cell adhesion-related factors were analyzed in NHDF cells and a calvarial defect rat model after treatment with methanol extracts of (MED). MED contained gallic acid, caffeic acid, ellagic acid, and naringenin in high concentrations. The proliferation activity, focal cell adhesion ability, adhesion receptors-mediated signaling pathway in NHDF cells were increased by MED.

Inhibitory effect of α-cubebenoate on atopic dermatitis-like symptoms by regulating Th2/Th1/Th17 balance in vivo.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Bakumijiogan (Kampo herbal formulation) and Kangqian decoction (Chinese herbal medicine formulation) have been used for the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD) like symptoms. Schisandra chinensis Baill (Family: Magnoliaceae) is a component of both formulations. Its extracts showed inhibition of AD.

Anti-Cancer Effects of α-Cubebenoate Derived from in CT26 Colon Cancer Cells.

α-Cubebenoate derived from has been reported to possess anti-allergic, anti-obesity, and anti-inflammatory effects and to exhibit anti-septic activity, but its anti-cancer effects have not been investigated. To examine the anti-cancer activity of α-cubebenoate, we investigated its effects on the proliferation, apoptosis, and metastasis of CT26 cells. The viabilities of CT26 cells (a murine colorectal carcinoma cell line) and HCT116 cells (a human colon cancer cell line) were remarkably and dose-dependently diminished by α-cubebenoate, whereas the viability of CCD-18Co cells (a normal human fibroblast cell line) were unaffected.

Laxative Effects of Phlorotannins Derived from on Loperamide-Induced Constipation in SD Rats.

This study investigated the laxative effects of phlorotannins (Pt) derived from () on chronic constipation by evaluating alterations in stool parameters, gastrointestinal motility, histopathological structure, mucin secretion, gastrointestinal hormones, muscarinic cholinergic regulation, and fecal microbiota in SD rats with loperamide (Lop)-induced constipation subjected to Pt treatment. Stool-related parameters (including stool number, weight, and water contents), gastrointestinal motility, and length of intestine were significantly enhanced in the Lop+Pt-treated group as compared to the Lop+Vehicle-treated group. A similar recovery was detected in the histopathological and cytological structure of the mid-colon of Lop+Pt-treated rats, although the level of mucin secretion remained constant.

Anti-Obesity Effect of α-Cubebenol Isolated from in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes.

The efficacy of α-cubebenol isolated from has been studied in several diseases, including cecal ligation, puncture challenge-induced sepsis, and degranulation of neutrophils. To identify the novel functions of α-cubebenol on lipid metabolism, alterations on the regulation of lipogenesis, lipolysis, and inflammatory response were observed in 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated with α-cubebenol. Most lipogenic targets, including lipid accumulation, level of lipogenic transcription factors, and expression of lipogenic regulators, were suppressed in MDI (3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, dexamethasone, and insulin)-stimulated 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated with α-cubebenol without significant cytotoxicity.

Comparative study of the photo‑protective and anti‑melanogenic properties of gomisin D, J and O.

Skin cancer is the most common human malignancy worldwide and solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation is known to serve an important role in its pathogenesis. Natural candidate compounds with antioxidant, photoprotective and anti‑melanogenic effects were investigated against the background of skin photoprotective and anti‑melanogenic properties. Gomisin D, J and O are dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans present in medicinal plants and possess several pharmacological activities.

A Comparative Study on Photo-Protective and Anti-Melanogenic Properties of Different Extracts.

(KC), a beneficial plant for human health, has been used for centuries in China, Thailand, and Korea in folk medicine and food. There is evidence supporting the biological effects of highly bioactive ingredients in KC such as lignans, triterpenoids, flavonoids, phenolic acids, steroids, and amino acids. In this study, we aimed to explore the effects, functions, and mechanisms of the extracts from KC root (KCR), stem (KCS), leaf (KCL), and fruit (KCF) in UVA and UVB-irradiated keratinocytes and α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH)-stimulated melanocytes.

Protective role of fermented mulberry leave extract in LPS‑induced inflammation and autophagy of RAW264.7 macrophage cells.

Mulberry leaves have antioxidant activity and anti‑inflammatory effects in several types of cells. However, the efficacy of mulberry leaves fermented with Cordyceps militaris remains unknown. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate whether the ethanol extracts of mulberry leaves fermented with C.

Novel Function of α-Cubebenoate Derived from as Lipogenesis Inhibitor, Lipolysis Stimulator and Inflammasome Suppressor.

The efficacy of α-cubebenoate isolated from has been previously studied in three disease areas, namely inflammation, sepsis, and allergy, and its role in other diseases is still being explored. To identify the novel function of α-cubebenoate on lipid metabolism and related inflammatory response, alterations in fat accumulation, lipogenesis, lipolysis, and inflammasome activation were measured in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and primary adipocytes treated with α-cubebenoate. Lipid accumulation significantly decreased in MDI (3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, dexamethasone, and insulin)-stimulated 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated with α-cubebenoate without any significant cytotoxicity.

Fermented mulberry (Morus alba) leaves suppress high fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis through amelioration of the inflammatory response and autophagy pathway.

Background: A novel extract of mulberry leaves fermented with Cordyceps militaris (EMfC) is reported to exert anti-obesity activity, although their molecular mechanism during hepatic steatosis has not verified.

Methods: To investigate the role of inflammation and autophagy during the anti-hepatic steatosis effects of EMfC, we measured alterations in the key parameters for inflammatory response and autophagy pathway in liver tissues of the high fat diet (HFD) treated C57BL/6N mice after exposure to EMfC for 12 weeks.

Results: Significant anti-hepatic steatosis effects, including decreased number of lipid droplets and expression of Klf2 mRNA, were detected in the liver of the HFD + EMfC treated group.

Anti-Metastatic Effect of Gold Nanoparticle-Conjugated Extract on Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells.

Purpose: We aimed to study green-synthesized gold nanoparticles (GNPs) from (MT) root (MTR), stem (MTS), leaf (MTL), and fruit (MTF) extracts and evaluate their anti-metastatic properties in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. belongs to the Moraceae family and is widely used as a traditional medicinal plant given its biological activities.

Methods: We quantified the phenolic and flavonoid contents, reducing capacity, and antioxidant activity of all four extracts.

S-petasin induces apoptosis and inhibits cell migration through activation of p53 pathway signaling in melanoma B16F10 cells and A375 cells.

Melanoma is a dangerous type of skin cancer that develops from the melanocytes. Activation of p53 in melanoma cells has been validated as a strategy for melanoma therapy. S-Petasin, a dietary sesquiterpene isolated from Petasites japonicus, has been shown to possess multiple biological effects.

A Comparative Study on Physicochemical, Photocatalytic, and Biological Properties of Silver Nanoparticles Formed Using Extracts of Different Parts of .

Green-synthesized silver nanoparticles (SNPs) have great potential for biomedical applications, due to their distinctive optical, chemical, and catalytic properties. In this study, we aimed to develop green-synthesized SNPs from extracts of (CT) roots (CTR), stems (CTS), leaves (CTL), and fruit (CTF) and to evaluate their physicochemical, photocatalytic, and biological properties. CTR, CTS, CTL, and CTF extracts were evaluated and compared for their total phenol and flavonoid content, reducing capacity, and antioxidant activity.

S-petasin inhibits lipid accumulation in oleic acid-induced HepG2 cells through activation of the AMPK signaling pathway.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become one of the most common medical problems. Inhibition of lipogenesis and promotion of lipolysis are two ways to prevent NAFLD. In this study, oleic acid-induced HepG2 cells are used as a NAFLD cell model to test whether s-petasin exerts inhibition of lipogenesis and promotion of the lipolysis effect.