Measuring Medical Waste from Gastrointestinal Endoscopies in South Korea to Estimate Their Carbon Footprint.

Background/aims: Although gastrointestinal endoscopy (GIE) is a major contributor to the carbon footprint of national healthcare, the amount of medical waste generated by GIE procedures is not reported in South Korea. This study aimed to measure the amount of medical waste generated from GIE procedures in South Korea.

Methods: We conducted a 5-day audit of medical waste generated during GIEs at seven hospitals.

Assessment of the efficacy of on-demand tegoprazan therapy in gastroesophageal reflux disease through a randomized controlled trial.

In patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) whose symptoms improve with acid-suppression therapy, on-demand treatment could constitute maintenance therapy. This study investigated the comparative efficacy and safety of on-demand tegoprazan and proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy in GERD. From six university hospitals in the Daejeon-Chungcheong region, we enrolled patients with GERD who had experienced symptomatic improvement with acid-suppressive therapy and, using a randomization table, randomly allocated these participants to two groups: to receive either tegoprazan 50 mg + esomeprazole placebo or tegoprazan placebo + esomeprazole 20 mg, respectively.

Prediction of immediate bleeding after cold snare polypectomy: A prospective observational study.

The risk factors for immediate post-polypectomy bleeding (IPPB) after cold snare polypectomy (CSP) are not well-known. We sought to define such risk factors and develop a predictive risk-scoring model. This prospective observational study included 161 polyps (4-9 mm in diameter) that were removed via CSP from 118 patients during the period from June to September 2019 in 2 tertiary hospitals.

TLR2 immunotherapy suppresses neuroinflammation, tau spread, and memory loss in rTg4510 mice.

In Alzheimer's disease, chronic neuroinflammation is accompanied by amyloid and tau pathologies. Especially, aberrant microglial activation is known to precede the regional tau pathology development, but the mechanisms how microglia affect tau spread remain largely unknown. Here, we found that toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) in microglia recognizes oligomeric tau as a pathogenic ligand and induces inflammatory responses.

Factors associated with gastric and duodenal neuroendocrine tumors: A multicenter case-control study.

Background And Aims: The incidence of gastric and duodenal neuroendocrine tumors (GNET and DNET, respectively) is increasing, however associated factors of these diseases are not well known. Here, we investigated the factors associated with GNET and DNET.

Methods: Patients with GNET and DNET presenting at eight tertiary referral centers between 2001 and 2020 were included and compared with healthy controls who underwent upper endoscopic screening.

Clinical Outcome of Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection for Papillary Type Early Gastric Cancer: A Multicenter Study.

Background/aims: Papillary adenocarcinoma is classified to differentiated-type gastric cancer and is indicated for endoscopic submucosal dissection. However, due to its rare nature, there are limited studies on it. The purpose of this study was to determine the outcome of endoscopic submucosal dissection in patients with papillary-type early gastric cancer and to find the risk factors of lymph node metastasis.

The Awareness and Experience About Endoscopic Adverse Events Among South Korean Endoscopists.

Background/aims: The number of endoscopic procedures and related adverse events is increasing. We investigated South Korean endoscopists' awareness and experience of endoscopic adverse events.

Materials And Methods: We used Google Forms to conduct an online questionnaire survey among South Korean endoscopists from December 11 to 29, 2020.

Perceptions of and Practices for the Management of Constipation: Results of a Korean National Survey.

Background/aims: Although guidelines exist regarding the evaluation and management of patients with chronic constipation (CC), little is known about real-world clinical practice patterns. This study aimed to evaluate the various practices used to manage CC patients in various clinical settings in South Korea.

Methods: A nationwide web-based survey was conducted, randomly selecting gastroenterologists and non-gastroenterologists.

2022 Seoul Consensus on Clinical Practice Guidelines for Functional Constipation.

Chronic constipation is one of the most common digestive diseases encountered in clinical practice. Constipation manifests as a variety of symptoms, such as infrequent bowel movements, hard stools, feeling of incomplete evacuation, straining at defecation, a sense of anorectal blockage during defecation, and use of digital maneuvers to assist defecation. During the diagnosis of chronic constipation, the Bristol Stool Form Scale, colonoscopy, and a digital rectal examination are useful for objective symptom evaluation and differential diagnosis of secondary constipation.

Endolysosomal impairment by binding of amyloid beta or MAPT/Tau to V-ATPase and rescue via the HYAL-CD44 axis in Alzheimer disease.

Impaired activities and abnormally enlarged structures of endolysosomes are frequently observed in Alzheimer disease (AD) brains. However, little is known about whether and how endolysosomal dysregulation is triggered and associated with AD. Here, we show that vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase) is a hub that mediates proteopathy of oligomeric amyloid beta (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated MAPT/Tau (p-MAPT/Tau).

Helicobacter pylori eradication reduces risk for recurrence of gastric hyperplastic polyp after endoscopic resection.

Background/aims: Little is known about the effect of Helicobacter pylori eradication on the recurrence of gastric hyperplastic polyps after endoscopic resection. Thus, we evaluated the recurrence rate of gastric hyperplastic polyps based on H. pylori eradication following endoscopic resection.

Endoscopist-Driven Sedation Practices in South Korea: Re-evaluation Considering the Nationwide Survey in 2019.

Background/aims: This study aimed to determine changes in endoscopist-driven sedation practices 5 years after the first nationwide survey in 2014 by the Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (KSGE).

Methods: A 59-item survey covering current practices was electronically mailed to all members of the KSGE in 2019.

Results: In total, 955 (12.

Medical Management of Constipation in Elderly Patients: Systematic Review.

Background/aims: Constipation is a common gastrointestinal problem in the elderly. Because of the limitations of life style modifications and the comorbidity, laxative use is also very common. Therefore, this study reviews the latest literature on the effect and safety of laxative in the elderly.

2020 Seoul Consensus on the Diagnosis and Management of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease.

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a condition in which gastric contents regurgitate into the esophagus or beyond, resulting in either troublesome symptoms or complications. GERD is heterogeneous in terms of varied manifestations, test findings, and treatment responsiveness. GERD diagnosis can be established with symptomatology, pathology, or physiology.

Esophageal Involvement and Determinants of Perception of Esophageal Symptoms Among South Koreans With Systemic Sclerosis.

Background/aims: Our study aims to characterize esophageal motor function; evaluate the relationships among esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), high-resolution manometry (HRM), and 24-hour esophageal multichannel intraluminal impedance monitoring combined with pH-metry (MII-pH); and elucidate the determinants of esophageal symptom perception in South Koreans with systemic sclerosis (SSc).

Methods: We reviewed prospectively collected HRM (n = 46), EGD (n = 41), and MII-pH (n = 37) data from 46 consecutive patients with SSc (42 females; mean age 50.1 years) who underwent esophageal tests between June 2013 and September 2018.

Risk stratification of patients with gastric lesions indefinite for dysplasia.

Background/aims: There are no definite guidelines for the management of gastric lesions diagnosed as indefinite for dysplasia (IND) by endoscopic forceps biopsy (EFB). Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes of gastric IND and predictive factors for gastric neoplasm.

Methods: This study included 457 patients with a first diagnosis of gastric IND by EFB between January 2005 and December 2013.

Spontaneous Internal Anal Sphincter Relaxation During High-resolution Anorectal Manometry Is Associated With Peripheral Neuropathy and Higher Charlson Comorbidity Scores in Patients With Defecatory Disorders.

Background/aims: We aimed to evaluate associations between comorbidities, peripheral neuropathy, and spontaneous internal anal sphincter relaxation (SAR) in patients with defecatory disorders.

Methods: A patient was considered to exhibit SAR during high-resolution anorectal manometry (HR-ARM) when the nadir pressure is < 15 mmHg and the time from onset to relaxation was ≥ 15 seconds in the resting pressure frame. A case-control study was performed using HR-ARM data collected from 880 patients from January 2010 to May 2015.

Evaluation of prognostic factor and nature of acute esophageal necrosis: Restropective multicenter study.

Acute esophageal necrosis (AEN) is a serious disease which can causes gastrointestinal bleeding and death. Although black color change is not essential factor of organ necrosis, AEN is also known as "black esophagus." Because of its rarity, there are limited studies regarding risk factors of mortality and recurrence.

Significance of CT attenuation and F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose uptake of visceral adipose tissue for predicting survival in gastric cancer patients after curative surgical resection.

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the prognostic significance of computed tomography (CT) attenuation and F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) to predict peritoneal recurrence-free survival (RFS) as well as RFS and overall survival (OS) in patients with advanced gastric cancer (AGC).

Methods: We retrospectively enrolled 117 patients with AGC who underwent staging FDG positron emission tomography (PET)/CT and subsequent curative surgical resection. CT attenuation and FDG uptake (SUV) of VAT and maximum FDG uptake of primary tumor (SUVmaxT) were measured from PET/CT images.

Comparisons of therapeutic outcomes in patients with nonampullary duodenal neuroendocrine tumors (NADNETs): A multicenter retrospective study.

Duodenal neuroendocrine tumors (DNETs) are rare tumors that are occasionally found during upper endoscopies. The incidence of DNETs is increasing, although the data regarding treatment outcomes are insufficient. The aim of this study was to evaluate the treatment outcomes in patients with nonampullary DNETs who underwent endoscopic resection or surgery.

Medical Professionals' Review of YouTube Videos Pertaining to Exercises for the Constipation Relief.

Background/aims: The primary aims of this study were to evaluate the content quality of YouTube videos on exercises to help relieve constipation and to assess whether the video source, exercise types, and popularity affected their quality.

Methods: Eight gastroenterologists independently evaluated the exercises presented in the constipation YouTube videos for seven items: image quality, usefulness in relieving constipation (quality 1), usefulness for general physical health (quality 2), difficulty in following, activity intensity, fun, and overall quality. Raters were asked open-ended questions to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the videos.

The relationship between local recurrence and positive lateral margin after en bloc resection of colorectal neoplasm.

Background: The factors associated with recurrence of colonic neoplasm after endoscopic resection with a positive lateral margin are not well known. Thus, we evaluate the relationship between recurrence and positive lateral margin after endoscopic en bloc resection of colorectal neoplasm.

Methods: A retrospective review of 9302 patients who underwent colonic endoscopic resection from January 2008 to January 2015.

Endoscopic Prediction of Tumor Invasion Depth in Early Gastric Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma.

Introduction: Signet ring cell carcinoma (SRC) is a poorly differentiated cancer of the stomach. Recent studies imply that early gastric SRC can be well managed by endoscopic resection. Unfortunately, unlike differentiated cancers, the endoscopic features of early gastric SRC have not been well studied.

Etomidate Sedation for Advanced Endoscopic Procedures.

Background And Study Aim: Although propofol is widely used for sedation for endoscopic procedures, concerns remain regarding cardiopulmonary adverse events. Etomidate has little effect on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, but patient satisfaction analysis is lacking. We compared the efficacy and safety of balanced propofol and etomidate sedation during advanced endoscopic procedures.