Influences of ethanol and temperature on sucrose-evoked response of gustatory neurons in the hamster solitary nucleus.

Taste-responsive neurons in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NST), the first gustatory nucleus, often respond to thermal or mechanical stimulation. Alcohol, not a typical taste modality, is a rewarding stimulus. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of ethanol (EtOH) and/or temperature as stimuli to the tongue on the activity of taste-responsive neurons in hamster NST.

Thermostable Ion Gels for High-Temperature Operation of Electrolyte-Gated Transistors.

High-temperature durability is critical for application of organic materials in electronic devices that operate in harsh environments. In this work, thermostable physically cross-linked polymer electrolytes, or thermostable physical ion gels, were successfully developed using crystallization-induced phase separation of semicrystalline polyamides (PAs) in an ionic liquid (IL). In these ion gels, phase-separated PA crystals act as network junctions and enable the ion gels to maintain their mechanical integrity up to 180 °C.

The Mediating Effects of Self-Esteem and Optimism on the Relationship between Quality of Life and Depressive Symptoms of Breast Cancer Patients.

Objective: This study investigated the mediating effects of the internal psychological factors of self-esteem and optimism on the relationship between breast cancer patients' quality of life in terms of symptoms and functioning and depressive symptoms.

Methods: The study centered on 384 breast cancer patients who had within a 24-month period received diagnosis of 0-4 stage cancer and had medical treatment. To achieve the study's purpose, the study made use of EORTC QLQ BR23, CES-D, and the Self-Esteem and Optimism Scales.

Anti-inflammatory effects of botulinum toxin type a in a complete Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritic knee joint of hind leg on rat model.

The objective of the study is to verify histopathologically the anti-inflammatory effect of botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) in a Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritic knee joint of hind leg on rat model using immunofluorescent staining of anti-ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba-1) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) antibody. Twenty-eight experimental rats were injected with 0.1 ml of CFA solution in the knee joint of the hind leg bilaterally.

Type II and III Taste Bud Cells Preferentially Expressed Kainate Glutamate Receptors in Rats.

Glutamate-induced cobalt uptake reveals that non-NMDA glutamate receptors (GluRs) are present in rat taste bud cells. Previous studies involving glutamate induced cobalt staining suggest this uptake mainly occurs via kainate type GluRs. It is not known which of the 4 types of taste bud cells express subunits of kainate GluR.

Glutamate-induced cobalt uptake elicited by kainate receptors in rat taste bud cells.

Glutamate-induced cobalt uptake reveals non-N-methyl-D-aspartate (non-NMDA) glutamate receptors (GluRs) in rat taste bud cells. However, it is not known which type of non-NMDA glutamate receptors is involved. We used a cobalt staining technique combined with pharmacological tests for kainate or alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-isoxazole-propionic acid (AMPA) receptors and/or immunohistochemistry against subunits of GluRs to examine the presence of non-NMDA receptors in rat foliate tastebud cells.