A Historical Review of the Prevalence of Job Stress Theories.

Job stress theories have been developed and refined to better understand employee wellbeing. Now that the field is maturing, it is appropriate to review the theoretical trends and developments for future research and practical guidance. The current paper provides a historical review, with both objective (i.

Highly Selective and Reversible Detection of Simulated Breath Hydrogen Sulfide Using Fe-Doped CuO Hollow Spheres: Enhanced Surface Redox Reaction by Multi-Valent Catalysts.

The precise and reversible detection of hydrogen sulfide (HS) at high humidity condition, a malodorous and harmful volatile sulfur compound, is essential for the self-assessment of oral diseases, halitosis, and asthma. However, the selective and reversible detection of trace concentrations of HS (≈0.1 ppm) in high humidity conditions (exhaled breath) is challenging because of irreversible HS adsorption/desorption at the surface of chemiresistors.

Nanocrystalline Composite Layer Realized by Simple Sintering Without Surface Treatment, Reducing Hydrophilicity and Increasing Thermal Conductivity.

The surface treatment for a polymer-ceramic composite is additionally performed in advanced material industries. To prepare the composite without a surface treatment, the simplest way to manufacture an advanced ceramic-particle is devised. The method is the formation of a nanocrystalline composite layer through the simple liquid-phase sintering.

Highly Sensitive and Selective Real-Time Breath Isoprene Detection using the Gas Reforming Reaction of MOF-Derived Nanoreactors.

Real-time breath isoprene sensing provides noninvasive methods for monitoring human metabolism and early diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases. Nonetheless, the stable alkene structure and high humidity of the breath hinder sensitive and selective isoprene detection. In this work, we derived well-defined CoO@polyoxometalate yolk-shell structures using a metal-organic framework template.

Exclusive detection of volatile aromatic hydrocarbons using bilayer oxide chemiresistors with catalytic overlayers.

The accurate detection and identification of volatile aromatic hydrocarbons, which are highly toxic pollutants, are essential for assessing indoor and outdoor air qualities and protecting humans from their sources. However, real-time and on-site monitoring of aromatic hydrocarbons has been limited by insufficient sensor selectivity. Addressing the issue, bilayer oxide chemiresistors are developed using Rh-SnO gas-sensing films and catalytic CeO overlayers for rapidly and cost-effectively detecting traces of aromatic hydrocarbons in a highly discriminative and quantitative manner, even in gas mixtures.

Designing oxide chemiresistors for detecting volatile aromatic compounds: recent progresses and future perspectives.

Oxide chemiresistors have mostly been used to detect reactive gases such as ethanol, acetone, formaldehyde, nitric dioxide, and carbon monoxide. However, the selective and sensitive detection of volatile aromatic compounds such as benzene, toluene, and xylene, which are extremely toxic and harmful, using oxide chemiresistors remains challenging because of the molecular stability of benzene rings containing chemicals. Moreover, the performance of the sensing materials is insufficient to detect trace concentration levels of volatile aromatic compounds, which lead to harmful effects on human beings.

Highly Selective and Sensitive Detection of Breath Isoprene by Tailored Gas Reforming: A Synergistic Combination of Macroporous WO Spheres and Au Catalysts.

Precise detection of breath isoprene can provide valuable information for monitoring the physical and physiological status of human beings or for the early diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases. However, the extremely low concentration and low chemical reactivity of breath isoprene hamper the selective and sensitive detection of isoprene using oxide semiconductor chemiresistors. Herein, we report that macroporous WO microspheres whose inner macropores are surrounded by Au nanoparticles exhibit a high response (resistance ratio = 11.

Exclusive and ultrasensitive detection of formaldehyde at room temperature using a flexible and monolithic chemiresistive sensor.

Formaldehyde, a probable carcinogen, is a ubiquitous indoor pollutant, but its highly selective detection has been a long-standing challenge. Herein, a chemiresistive sensor that can detect ppb-level formaldehyde in an exclusive manner at room temperature is designed. The TiO sensor exhibits under UV illumination highly selective detection of formaldehyde and ethanol with negligible cross-responses to other indoor pollutants.

Visible-Light-Activated Type II Heterojunction in Cu(hexahydroxytriphenylene)/FeO Hybrids for Reversible NO Sensing: Critical Role of π-π* Transition.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with high surface area, tunable porosity, and diverse structures are promising platforms for chemiresistors; however, they often exhibit low sensitivity, poor selectivity, and irreversibility in gas sensing, hindering their practical applications. Herein, we report that hybrids of Cu(HHTP) (HHTP = 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexahydroxytriphenylene) nanoflakes and FeO nanoparticles exhibit highly sensitive, selective, and reversible detection of NO at 20 °C. The key parameters to determine their response, selectivity, and recovery are discussed in terms of the size of the Cu(HHTP) nanoflakes, the interaction between the MOFs and NO, and an increase in the concentration and lifetime of holes facilitated by visible-light photoactivation and charge-separating energy band alignment of the hybrids.

A Transparent Nanopatterned Chemiresistor: Visible-Light Plasmonic Sensor for Trace-Level NO Detection at Room Temperature.

The highly selective detection of trace gases using transparent sensors at room temperature remains challenging. Herein, transparent nanopatterned chemiresistors composed of aligned 1D Au-SnO nanofibers, which can detect toxic NO gas at room temperature under visible light illumination is reported. Ten straight Au-SnO nanofibers are patterned on a glass substrate with transparent electrodes assisted by direct-write, near-field electrospinning, whose extremely low coverage of sensing materials (≈0.

Highly Selective Detection of Benzene and Discrimination of Volatile Aromatic Compounds Using Oxide Chemiresistors with Tunable Rh-TiO Catalytic Overlayers.

Volatile aromatic compounds are major air pollutants, and their health impacts should be assessed accurately based on the concentration and composition of gas mixtures. Herein, novel bilayer sensors consisting of a SnO sensing layer and three different Rh-TiO catalytic overlayers ( = 0.5, 1, and 2 wt%) are designed for the new functionalities such as the selective detection, discrimination, and analysis of benzene, toluene, and -xylene.

A New Strategy for Detecting Plant Hormone Ethylene Using Oxide Semiconductor Chemiresistors: Exceptional Gas Selectivity and Response Tailored by Nanoscale CrO Catalytic Overlayer.

A highly selective and sensitive detection of the plant hormone ethylene, particularly at low concentrations, is essential for controlling the growth, development, and senescence of plants, as well as for ripening of fruits. However, this remains challenging because of the non-polarity and low reactivity of ethylene. Herein, a strategy for detecting ethylene at a sub-ppm-level is proposed by using oxide semiconductor chemiresistors with a nanoscale oxide catalytic overlayer.

Metal Oxide Gas Sensors with Au Nanocluster Catalytic Overlayer: Toward Tuning Gas Selectivity and Response Using a Novel Bilayer Sensor Design.

Noble metals or oxide catalysts have traditionally been loaded or doped to enhance the gas sensing properties of oxide semiconductor chemiresistors. However, the selective detection of various chemicals for a wide range of new applications remains a challenging problem. In this paper, we propose a novel bilayer design with an oxide chemiresistor sensing layer and nanoscale catalytic Au overlayer to provide high controllability for gas sensing characteristics.