Three-Dimensional Bowing Measurement of Distal Femur at Actual Size and Clinical Implications of Total Knee Arthroplasty.

: To assess femoral shaft bowing (FSB) in coronal and sagittal planes and introduce the clinical implications of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) by analyzing a three-dimensional (3D) model with virtual implantation of the femoral component. : Sixty-eight patients (average age: 69.1 years) underwent 3D model reconstruction of medullary canals using computed tomography (CT) data imported into Mimics software (version 21.