Assessing the Association Between Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agents and Parkinson Disease: Insights From the Korean National Health Insurance Service Database.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the association between the use of linear and macrocyclic gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) and the subsequent development of Parkinson disease (PD).

Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, data were extracted from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database, comprising 1,038,439 individuals. From this population, 175,125 adults aged 40 to 60 years with no history of brain disease were identified.

Radiofrequency Ablation for Recurrent Thyroid Cancers: 2025 Korean Society of Thyroid Radiology Guideline.

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a minimally invasive treatment modality used as an alternative to surgery in patients with benign thyroid nodules, recurrent thyroid cancers (RTCs), and primary thyroid microcarcinomas. The Korean Society of Thyroid Radiology (KSThR) initially developed recommendations for the optimal use of RFA for thyroid tumors in 2009 and revised them in 2012 and 2017. As new meaningful evidence has accumulated since 2017 and in response to a growing global interest in the use of RFA for treating malignant thyroid lesions, the task force committee members of the KSThR decided to update the guidelines on the use of RFA for the management of RTCs based on a comprehensive analysis of current literature and expert consensus.

A Potential Radiomics-Clinical Model for Predicting Failure of Lymph Node Control after Definite Radiotherapy in Locally Advanced Head and Neck Cancer.

: To optimally predict lymph node (LN) failure after definite radiotherapy (RT) in head and neck cancer (HNC) with LN metastases, this study examined radiomics models extracted from CT images of different periods during RT. : This study retrospectively collected radiologic and clinical information from patients undergoing definite RT over 60 Gy for HNC with LN metastases from January 2010 to August 2021. The same largest LNs in each patient from the initial simulation CT (CTpre) and the following simulation CT (CTmid) at approximately 40 Gy were indicated as regions of interest.

Evaluating the Elasticity of Metastatic Cervical Lymph Nodes in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients Using DWI-based Virtual MR Elastography.

Purpose: The assessment of metastatic cervical lymph nodes in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients is crucial; as such, many studies focusing on non-invasive imaging techniques to evaluate metastatic cervical lymph nodes have been performed. The aim of our study was to assess the usefulness of elasticity values on diffusion weighted imaging (DWI)-based virtual MR elastography in the evaluation of metastatic cervical lymph nodes from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Methods: Two head and neck radiologists measured the elasticity values of 16 metastatic cervical lymph nodes from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and 13 benign cervical lymph nodes on DWI-based virtual MR elastography maps.

Orientation of the ultrasound probe to identify the taller-than-wide sign of thyroid malignancy: a registry-based study with the Thyroid Imaging Network of Korea.

Purpose: Although the taller-than-wide (TTW) sign has been regarded as one of the most specific ultrasound (US) features of thyroid malignancy, uncertainty still exists regarding the US probe's orientation when evaluating it. This study investigated which US plane would be optimal to identify the TTW sign based on malignancy risk stratification using a registry-based imaging dataset.

Methods: A previous study by 17 academic radiologists retrospectively analyzed the US images of 5,601 thyroid nodules (≥1 cm, 1,089 malignant and 4,512 benign) collected in the webbased registry of Thyroid Imaging Network of Korea through the collaboration of 26 centers.

2021 Korean Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System and Imaging-Based Management of Thyroid Nodules: Korean Society of Thyroid Radiology Consensus Statement and Recommendations.

Incidental thyroid nodules are commonly detected on ultrasonography (US). This has contributed to the rapidly rising incidence of low-risk papillary thyroid carcinoma over the last 20 years. The appropriate diagnosis and management of these patients is based on the risk factors related to the patients as well as the thyroid nodules.

Comparison of the diagnostic performance of the modified Korean Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System for thyroid malignancy with three international guidelines.

Purpose: This study compared the diagnostic performance of the modified Korean Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (K-TIRADS) for thyroid malignancy with three international guidelines.

Methods: From June to September 2015, 5,708 thyroid nodules (≥1.0 cm) in 5,081 consecutive patients who underwent thyroid ultrasound (US) at 26 institutions were evaluated.

2020 Imaging Guidelines for Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: Korean Society of Thyroid Radiology.

Imaging plays a key role in the diagnosis and characterization of thyroid diseases, and the information provided by imaging studies is essential for management planning. A referral guideline for imaging studies may help physicians make reasonable decisions and minimize the number of unnecessary examinations. The Korean Society of Thyroid Radiology (KSThR) developed imaging guidelines for thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer using an adaptation process through a collaboration between the National Evidence-based Healthcare Collaborating Agency and the working group of KSThR, which is composed of radiologists specializing in thyroid imaging.

Could both intrinsic and extrinsic iodine be successfully suppressed on virtual non-contrast CT images for detecting thyroid calcification?

Purpose: Although virtual non-contrast (VNC) successfully removes iodinated contrast, uncertainty exists regarding the feasibility of VNC to suppress iodine for detecting thyroid calcification. Therefore, we evaluated whether both intrinsic and extrinsic iodine attenuation were suppressed on VNC images.

Material And Methods: We enrolled 128 patients (male: female 17:111; age 48.

Obesity and muscle may have synergic effect more than independent effects on brain volume in community-based elderly.

Objective: To evaluate the individual and combined effects of obesity and muscle mass on brain volume in a community-dwelling healthy older population.

Methods: One thousand two hundred nine participants (M:F = 574:635, mean age 63.6 ± 6.

Thyroid isthmus agenesis and its clinical significance in a large-scale multidetector CT-based study.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to estimate the incidence and clinical significance of thyroid isthmus agenesis based on multi-detector CT imaging in a large-scale study.

Methods: Data from 1601 patients who underwent neck multi-detector CT at our institution from January 2015 to March 2016 were included in this retrospective study. The morphology of each patient's thyroid gland was evaluated.

Correction to: Characteristics of residual lymph nodes after six months of antituberculous therapy in HIV-negative individuals with cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis.

After publication of the original article [1], we were notified that an author's name has been incorrectly spelled. Soon You Kwon's correct full name is Soon Young Kwon.

Dual-energy CT iodine quantification for characterizing focal thyroid lesions.

Background: To determine the usefulness of dual-energy CT (DECT) iodine quantification to classify the focal thyroid lesions.

Methods: We retrospectively enrolled a total of 76 cytopathologically confirmed focal thyroid lesions (mean size: 1.9 cm).

Diagnostic Performance of Ultrasound-Based Risk-Stratification Systems for Thyroid Nodules: Comparison of the 2015 American Thyroid Association Guidelines with the 2016 Korean Thyroid Association/Korean Society of Thyroid Radiology and 2017 American College of Radiology Guidelines.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic performance of ultrasound (US)-based risk-stratification systems for thyroid nodules in the 2015 American Thyroid Association (ATA) guidelines with those of the 2016 Korean Thyroid Association (KTA)/Korean Society of Thyroid Radiology (KSThR) and 2017 American College of Radiology (ACR) guidelines.

Methods: From June 2013 to May 2015, a total of 902 consecutive thyroid nodules were enrolled in four institutions, and their US features were retrospectively reviewed and classified using the categories defined by the three guidelines. The malignancy risk of each category, as defined by all three risk-stratification systems, was calculated, and the diagnostic performance of the fine-needle aspiration (FNA) indications of the ATA guidelines were compared to those of the KTA/KSThR and ACR guidelines.

2017 Thyroid Radiofrequency Ablation Guideline: Korean Society of Thyroid Radiology.

Thermal ablation using radiofrequency is a new, minimally invasive modality employed as an alternative to surgery in patients with benign thyroid nodules and recurrent thyroid cancers. The Task Force Committee of the Korean Society of Thyroid Radiology (KSThR) developed recommendations for the optimal use of radiofrequency ablation for thyroid tumors in 2012. As new meaningful evidences have accumulated, KSThR decided to revise the guidelines.

Characterizing Intraorbital Optic Nerve Changes on Diffusion Tensor Imaging in Thyroid Eye Disease Before Dysthyroid Optic Neuropathy.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine whether the optic nerve is affected by thyroid eye disease (TED) before the development of dysthyroid optic neuropathy with diffusion-tensor imaging (DTI).

Methods: Twenty TED patients and 20 controls were included. The mean, axial, and radial diffusivities and fractional anisotropy (FA) value were measured at the optic nerves in DTI.

Vascular Pattern Analysis on Microvascular Sonography for Differentiation of Pleomorphic Adenomas and Warthin Tumors of Salivary Glands.

Objectives: Pleomorphic adenomas and Warthin tumors are the most common salivary gland tumors. It is important to differentiate between them because at least a partial parotidectomy is necessary for pleomorphic adenomas, whereas enucleation is sufficient for Warthin tumors. This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of vascular pattern analysis using microvascular sonography to differentiate between the tumors.

Serial Changes of Tendon Histomorphology and Strain Elastography After Induced Achilles Tendinopathy in Rabbits: An In Vivo Study.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare the serial changes of morphology and strain in the early process of Achilles tendinopathy in a rabbit model.

Methods: A total of 10 New Zealand white rabbits underwent ligation of one of their Achilles tendons to induce ischemic injury. Both inflamed and contralateral Achilles tendons were serially evaluated with 3 follow-ups: the first on days 3 to 5, the second on days 9 to 13, and the third and last follow-up on days 15 to 20 after surgery.

A Solitary Fibrous Tumor of the Subglottic Larynx: Case Report and Literature Review.

Background: Solitary fibrous tumors (SFT) arising from the larynx are extremely rare; most occur in the supraglottic larynx.

Case Report: Herein, we detail a new case of a subglottic SFT presenting as a well-encapsulated soft-tissue tumor with hoarseness. It showed isoattenuation, similar to the adjacent muscle on pre-contrast computed tomography (CT) images, and strong, heterogeneous enhancement following contrast material administration, which may reflect hypervascularity.

Fractional anisotropy and diffusivity changes in thyroid-associated orbitopathy.

Introduction: To investigate the extraocular muscle (EOM) changes in thyroid-associated orbitopathy (TAO) on DTI and the correlations between DTI parameters and clinical features.

Methods: Twenty TAO patients and 20 age- and sex-matched controls provided informed consent and were enrolled. Ten-directional DTI was acquired in orbit.

A Multicenter Prospective Validation Study for the Korean Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System in Patients with Thyroid Nodules.

Objective: To validate a new risk stratification system for thyroid nodules, the Korean Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (K-TIRADS), using a prospective design.

Materials And Methods: From June 2013 to May 2015, 902 thyroid nodules were enrolled from four institutions. The type and predictive value of ultrasonography (US) predictors were analyzed according to the combination of the solidity and echogenicity of nodules; in addition, we determined malignancy risk and diagnostic performance for each category of K-TIRADS, and compared the efficacy of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) with a three-tier risk categorization system published in 2011.

Assessing the accuracy and reliability of ultrasonographic three-dimensional parathyroid volume measurement in a patient with secondary hyperparathyroidism: a comparison with the two-dimensional conventional method.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the accuracy and reliability of the semi-automated ultrasonographic volume measurement tool, virtual organ computer-aided analysis (VOCAL), for measuring the volume of parathyroid glands.

Methods: Volume measurements for 40 parathyroid glands were performed in patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism caused by chronic renal failure. The volume of the parathyroid glands was measured twice by experienced radiologists by two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) methods using conventional sonograms and the VOCAL with 30°angle increments before parathyroidectomy.