Invariance of Mitochondria and Synapses in the Primary Visual Cortex of Mammals Provides Insight Into Energetics and Function.

The cerebral cortex accounts for substantial energy expenditure, primarily driven by the metabolic demands of synaptic signaling. Mitochondria, the organelles responsible for generating cellular energy, play a crucial role in this process. We investigated ultrastructural characteristics of the primary visual cortex in 18 phylogenetically diverse mammals, spanning a broad range of brain sizes from mouse to elephant.

The influence of factors associated with past reproductive histories on migraines in middle-aged premenopausal women: a nationwide population-based study in Republic of Korea.

Introduction: Women can experience various reproductive events, such as pregnancy, childbirth, lactation, and contraception, which cause long-term changes in female hormones. In middle-aged women, the prevalence of migraine is high, and a clear gender difference is evident. This study investigated the effects of factors associated with past reproductive events on the risk of new migraine in middle-aged premenopausal women.

Feasibility and usefulness of cognitive monitoring using a new home-based cognitive test in mild cognitive impairment: a prospective single arm study.

Background: The risk of dementia is increased in subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Despite the plethora of in-person cognitive tests, those that can be administered over the phone are lacking. We hypothesized that a home-based cognitive test (HCT) using phone calls would be feasible and useful in non-demented elderly.

Development of a basin-scale total nitrogen prediction model by integrating clustering and regression methods.

Nutrient runoff into rivers caused by human activity has led to global eutrophication issues. The Nakdong River in South Korea is currently facing significant challenges related to eutrophication and harmful algal blooms, underscoring the critical importance of managing total nitrogen (T-N) levels. However, traditional methods of indoor analysis, which depend on sampling, are labor-intensive and face limitations in collecting high-frequency data.

Improving Durability of Dye-Based Polarizing Films Using Novel Reactive Dyes as Dichroic Materials.

Iodine is commonly used as a dichroic material in polarizing films, while dichroic dyes are employed when high heat resistance is necessary. Direct dyes, which can be applied to poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) in an acidic environment, are the most popular; however, their hydrogen bonding interaction with the PVA chain can weaken in high-humidity conditions, leading to a potential change in color value or polarization property. Reactive dyes offer a promising alternative for use in high-humidity environments.

Comparison of Optimal Machine Learning Algorithms for Early Detection of Unknown Hazardous Chemicals in Rivers Using Sensor Monitoring Data.

Water environment pollution due to chemical spills occurs constantly worldwide. When a chemical accident occurs, a quick initial response is most important. In previous studies, samples collected from chemical accident sites were subjected to laboratory-based precise analysis or predictive research through modeling.

Untreated hypertension and prognosis paradox in acute ischemic stroke.

Introduction: This study is to explore the long-term functional outcome of antihypertensive medication-naïve, untreated hypertension (HTN) patients with acute ischemic stroke compared to those with no prior HTN and those with treated HTN.

Patients And Methods: We analyzed a prospectively collected stroke registry of all patients with acute ischemic stroke consecutively admitted to Incheon St. Mary's Hospital.

Effect of intraoperative intravenous ferric derisomaltose supplementation on reduction of postoperative anemia and transfusion in chronic kidney disease patients after total knee replacement.

Total knee replacement (TKR) is associated with a large amount of bleeding; therefore, the prevalence of postoperative anemia is high. In particular, patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are more vulnerable to postoperative anemia than are healthy individuals. Accordingly, the effect of intraoperative intravenous ferric derisomaltose (FDI) supplementation on postoperative anemia and blood transfusion volume reduction in patients with CKD was studied.

Cytoarchitecture, myeloarchitecture, and parcellation of the chimpanzee inferior parietal lobe.

The parietal lobe is a region of especially pronounced change in human brain evolution. Based on comparative neuroanatomical studies, the inferior parietal lobe (IPL) has been shown to be disproportionately larger in humans relative to chimpanzees and macaques. However, it remains unclear whether the underlying histological architecture of IPL cortical areas displays human-specific organization.

Experimental Study on the Detection of Hazardous Chemicals Using Alternative Sensors in the Water Environment.

Chemical accidents in rivers may be triggered by natural or anthropogenic causes and refer to the flow of large quantities of hazardous chemicals into rivers. In South Korea, domestic water is sourced from large rivers, such as the Nakdong River. However, owing to rapid industrialization, industrial facilities have become heavily concentrated in the middle and upper reaches of the Nakdong River.

Programmable self-assembly of M13 bacteriophage for micro-color pattern with a tunable colorization.

Over the last decade, the M13 bacteriophage has been used widely in various applications, such as sensors, bio-templating, and solar cells. The M13 colorimetric sensor was developed to detect toxic gases to protect the environment, human health, and national security. Recent developments in phage-based colorimetric sensor technologies have focused on improving the sensing characteristics, such as the sensitivity and selectivity on a large scale.

Atypical presentation of complex regional pain syndrome: neuropathic itching - A case report.

Background: In some patients with neuropathic pain (NP), such as complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), itching rather than pain is the main symptom making diagnosis and treatment difficult.

Case: We report a case of a 23-year-old male with a history of hypoxic brain damage who presented with pruritus of the left foot and ankle. His left foot was fractured, and he underwent surgery 6 months previously.

Regional Cerebral Blood Flow Abnormalities in Neurosyphilis: A Pilot SPECT Study.

Clinical and radiological findings on neurosyphilis are fairly non-specific and there is a paucity of functional neuroimaging studies on neurosyphilis other than case reports and case series. The purpose of this study was to investigate brain perfusion abnormalities in patients with neurosyphilis. Four HIV-negative neurosyphilis patients and 4 healthy controls underwent clinical evaluation, brain technetium-99m ethyl cysteinate dimer (99mTc-ECD) single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging, and neuropsychological assessments which included the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR), Clinical Dementia Rating-Sum of Boxes (CDR-SOB), and Global Deterioration Scale (GDS).

A clinical study of 288 patients with anterior cerebral artery infarction.

Objective: Acute ischemic stroke in the territory of anterior cerebral artery (ACA) is uncommon. Therefore, large population studies evaluating ACA infarction are scarce. We sought to evaluate epidemiological and etiological characteristics of ACA infarction compared to other territorial infarctions.

The Association between Herpes Zoster and Increased Cancer Risk: A Nationwide Population-Based Matched Control Study.

Background: Herpes zoster (HZ) is strongly associated with decreased immune function, a factor of cancer development. Previous studies suggested inconsistent results regarding the association between HZ and increased cancer risk. We aimed to analyze the association between HZ and specific cancer risk.

Imaging Characteristics of Brain SPECT, PET, and MRI in Neurosyphilis.

The incidence of neurosyphilis has declined since effective penicillin therapy against was introduced. However, the diagnosis of neurosyphilis early in the disease course is very important in order to select appropriate antibiotic therapy. We report brain MRI, SPECT with Tc-99m ECD, and PET with F-18 FDG findings before antibiotic therapy in a neurosyphilis patient with neurological symptoms.

Gradients in cytoarchitectural landscapes of the isocortex: Diprotodont marsupials in comparison to eutherian mammals.

Although it has been claimed that marsupials possess a lower density of isocortical neurons compared with other mammals, little is known about cross-cortical variation in neuron distributions in this diverse taxonomic group. We quantified upper-layer (layers II-IV) and lower-layer (layers V-VI) neuron numbers per unit of cortical surface area in three diprotodont marsupial species (two macropodiformes, the red kangaroo and the parma wallaby, and a vombatiform, the koala) and compared these results to eutherian mammals (e.g.

From Zirconium Nanograins to Zirconia Nanoneedles.

Combinations of three simple techniques were utilized to gradually form zirconia nanoneedles from zirconium nanograins. First, a physical vapor deposition magnetron sputtering technique was used to deposit pure zirconium nanograins on top of a substrate. Second, an anodic oxidation was applied to fabricate zirconia nanotubular arrays.

Brain perfusion alterations in depressed patients with Parkinson's disease.

Objective: Although Parkinson's disease (PD) is frequently accompanied by depression, brain perfusion deficits in PD with depression remain unclear. This study aimed to assess alterations in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in depressed PD patients using Tc hexamethyl-propylene-amine-oxime single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT).

Methods: Among 78 patients with PD, 35 patients were classified into the depressed PD group, while the rest (43 patients) was assigned to the nondepressed PD group based on the scores of the Geriatric Depressive Scale (GDS).

Homogeneous Dispersion of Carbon Nanotubes on Surface-Modified Bulk Titanium Substrates by Thermal Chemical Vapor Deposition.

Catalytic syntheses of CNTs on the pristine Ti mesh, the pristine Ti plate and the etched Ti plate have been conducted using thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) with Fe catalysts. Surface of the pristine Ti plate was etched in a sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) solution to facilitate the uniform dispersion of Fe catalysts. The surface of Ti substrates, the distribution and the composition of catalysts, and the structure and dispersion of the CNTs were examined using Scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), atomic force microscope (AFM), electron probe micro-analysis (EPMA) and Micro-Raman spectroscopy.