Functional and anatomical alterations in bilateral vestibulopathy: A multimodal neuroimaging study and clinical correlation.

Object: To study multimodal neuroimaging study including resting state functional MRI (rs-fMRI), anatomical connectivity and brain morphology in patients with bilateral vestibulopathy (BVP) and relationship with clinical correlation.

Methods: Thirteen patients with BVP (7 women; mean age ± SD = 63.5 ± 14.

The First Korean Siblings With Adult-Onset 4H Leukodystrophy Related to Nonsynonymous Mutations.

Objectives: 4H leukodystrophy is a rare autosomal recessive hypomyelinating disorder characterized by several combinations of motor dysfunction, abnormal dentition, and ophthalmic and endocrine abnormalities. To date, only a single Korean case report of pediatric leukodystrophy caused by the sequence variation has been published, while there are no reports on the , , or variants.

Methods: Genetic tests of Korean sibling pairs with primary amenorrhea due to normosmic isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and cognitive or behavioral symptoms were performed by whole-exome sequencing (WES).

Clinical Efficacy of Reduced-Dose Gadobutrol Versus Standard-Dose Gadoterate for Contrast-Enhanced MRI of the CNS: An International Multicenter Prospective Crossover Trial (LEADER-75).

Gadobutrol and gadoterate are widely used macrocyclic gadolinium-based contrast agents. Given gadobutrol's higher T1 relaxivity, a reduced gadobutrol dose should achieve essentially equivalent diagnostic efficacy as a standard dose of gadoterate. The purpose of our study was to show efficacy of a 25% reduced dose of gadobutrol is noninferior to 100% standard dose of gadoterate for contrast-enhanced MRI of the CNS.

Pituitary Blastoma in a 19-Year-Old Woman: A Case Report and Review of Literature.

Background: Pituitary blastoma is a malignant neoplasm of the pituitary gland that was recognized by the World Health Organization in 2017. It is commonly diagnosed in children before 24 months of age. Here, we report the first case of a young adult patient who was diagnosed with pituitary blastoma with increased levels of growth hormone instead of adrenocorticotropic hormone and provide a review of the literature.

Neurodevelopmental outcomes in newborns with neonatal seizures caused by rotavirus-associated leukoencephalopathy.

Purpose: Rotavirus infection has recently been reported to be associated with seizures accompanied by leukoencephalopathy in newborns. We aimed to determine long-term outcomes and prognostic factors in newborns with neonatal seizures caused by rotavirus-associated leukoencephalopathy.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records and brain magnetic resonance (MR) images of 32 patients who fulfilled the following criteria: (1) neonatal seizures, (2) distinctive symmetric cerebral white matter lesions on diffusion-weighted MR images (DWI), (3) rotavirus infection, (4) absence of a specific etiology of seizures, except for the aforementioned DWI lesions, and (5) Korean Bayley Scales of Infant Development II (K-BSID-II) assessment after 12 months of age.

Feasibility and Safety of Mild Therapeutic Hypothermia in Poor-Grade Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Prospective Pilot Study.

Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) improves the neurological outcome in patients after cardiac arrest and neonatal hypoxic brain injury. We studied the safety and feasibility of mild TH in patients with poor-grade subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) after successful treatment. Patients were allocated randomly to either the TH group (34.

F-FP-CIT dopamine transporter PET findings in cirrhotic patients with parkinsonism.

We report the clinical features and imaging findings of presynaptic dopamine transporter (DAT) positron emission tomography (PET) in four of patients with liver cirrhosis and concurrent parkinsonism. We also reviewed previously reported cases of cirrhosis-related parkinsonism using dopaminergic molecular imaging. Our results using F-radiolabeled N-(3-fluoropropyl)-2β-carboxymethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl) nortropane (FP-CIT) DAT PET in four patients with cirrhosis and parkinsonism showed two different molecular imaging patterns well related to their neurological symptoms.

Magnetic resonance imaging of leukoencephalopathy in amnestic workers exposed to organotin.

We report the clinical and neuroimaging findings of 4 men who worked in the production of inorganic metal tin ingot from organotin scrap who presented with similar episodes of reversible amnesia. T2-weighted-fluid-attenuated inversion recovery magnetic resonance imaging (FLAIR MRI) scans in 3 of the patients showed symmetric hyperintensity in the frontoparietal periventricular white matter and the corpus callosum, and reduced apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) based on diffusion weighted imaging (DWI). One patient had symmetric faint hyperintensity in the parietal periventricular white matter only in the FLAIR images.

MR imaging findings of metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma in the nasal cavity: a rare site of spread.

We here report an extremely rare case of metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma to the nasal cavity only with MRI scan including diffusion-weighted imaging and a brief review of previous literature case reports.

Pure Intrasellar Meningioma Mimicking Pituitary Macroadenoma: Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Review of the Literature.

Intrasellar meningioma originating from the sellar floor is extremely rare and is often indistinguishable from pituitary macroadenoma, both clinically and radiologically. Here, we report a case involving a 68-year-old patient with intrasellar meningioma possibly originating from the sellar floor and present a brief review of all previous cases reported in the English literature.

Neonatal seizures accompanied by diffuse cerebral white matter lesions on diffusion-weighted imaging are associated with rotavirus infection.

Background And Aims: Some full-term neonates presenting seizures show diffusion-restricted lesions in the cerebral white matter on brain diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics and DWI findings in a group of neonates with seizures, white matter lesions on DWI, and a high incidence of rotavirus infection.

Methods: Total 30 full-term neonates with seizures were admitted between 2008 and 2010.

Asymptomatic moyamoya syndrome, atlantoaxial subluxation and basal ganglia calcification in a child with Down syndrome.

Down syndrome, the most common chromosomal abnormality, may be associated with various neurologic complications such as moyamoya syndrome, cervical spinal cord compression due to atlantoaxial subluxation, and basal ganglia damage, as well as epileptic seizures and stroke. Many cases of Down syndrome accompanied by isolated neurologic manifestations have been reported in children; however, Down syndrome with multiple neurologic conditions is rare. Here, we have reported a case of Down syndrome in a 10-year-old girl who presented with asymptomatic moyamoya syndrome, atlantoaxial subluxation with spinal cord compression, and basal ganglia calcification.

Decreased brain volumes in manganese-exposed welders.

Background: A great deal of research has been devoted to identifying subclinical functional brain abnormalities in manganese (Mn)-exposed welders. However, no previous study has investigated morphological brain abnormalities, such as changes in brain volume, in welders. This study evaluates morphological changes in brain volume among welders, and investigates the relationship between structural brain abnormalities and subclinical dysfunction in this population.

Salivary duct carcinomas: clinical and CT and MR imaging features in 20 patients.

Introduction: Salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) is an uncommon high grade adenocarcinoma of the salivary gland with a grave prognosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical and CT and MR imaging features of SDC.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the clinical and CT and MR imaging findings in 20 patients (14 men and six women; mean age, 59 years) with histologically proved SDC.

Ultrasonographic analysis of subcutaneous angiolipoma.

Objective: To describe and analyze the ultrasonographic appearance of subcutaneous angiolipoma in pathology-proven cases.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively searched the January 2004 to May 2011 surgical pathology database for cases of pathology-proven angiolipoma. The ultrasonographic findings were analyzed for angiolipoma size, shape, margin, echo texture, echogenicity, acoustic enhancement, calcifications, and color Doppler flow.

Classification of persistent primitive trigeminal artery (PPTA): a reconsideration based on MRA.

Background: Persistent primitive trigeminal artery (PPTA) is the most common permanent carotid-basilar anastomosis. Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) has become the primary non-invasive imaging technique for evaluation of cerebral vascular anatomy and can provide detailed 3D imaging of intracranial vessels.

Purpose: To evaluate the usefulness of MRA for the detection of PPTA and to re-classify its variations based on the embryologic types of PcomA and its relationship with the basilar artery and its branches.

Intra-arterial adjuvant tirofiban after unsuccessful intra-arterial thrombolysis of acute ischemic stroke: preliminary experience in 16 patients.

Introduction: Intra-arterial (IA) thrombolysis with plasminogen activator is well-known, but the use of IA tirofiban as an adjuvant for IA thrombolysis is not well-known. We investigated the feasibility of IA tirofiban as an adjuvant after unsuccessful IA recanalization with urokinase (UK) for acute ischemic stroke.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed all 16 consecutive patients (11 men and five women; mean age, 61.

A case of atypical skull base osteomyelitis with septic pulmonary embolism.

Skull base osteomyelitis (SBO) is difficult to diagnose when a patient presents with multiple cranial nerve palsies but no obvious infectious focus. There is no report about SBO with septic pulmonary embolism. A 51-yr-old man presented to our hospital with headache, hoarseness, dysphagia, frequent choking, fever, cough, and sputum production.

Chronic traumatic spinal epidural hematoma in a child.

Spinal epidural hematoma (SEH) can lead to progressive neurological deficits that are the result of spinal cord compression. Most of the reported cases of SEH had nontraumatic origins, and they were mainly in the acute stage. Traumatic SEH in a child is rare, and it is also difficult to diagnose because of the nonspecific pain and irritability of the child.

Imaging findings of head and neck inflammatory pseudotumor.

Objective: The purpose of this article is to describe imaging features of head and neck inflammatory pseudotumor in the brain, orbit, sinonasal cavity, temporal bone or skull base, and other rare locations.

Conclusion: Although the radiologic differentiation from malignancy is not clearly possible, we suggest that familiarity with the manifestations of inflammatory pseudotumor can help avoid unnecessary radical surgery before histopathologic proof of malignancy.

Neurochemical changes in welders revealed by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

Background: Occupational and environmental exposure to manganese (Mn) is associated with various neurobehavioral and movement dysfunctions. However, few studies have systemically examined the neurochemical effects of Mn exposure.

Objectives: We examined typical changes in cerebral metabolite ratios in welders chronically exposed to Mn, compared with control individuals, using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), investigated whether an abnormality in brain metabolism is associated with neurobehavioral changes, and assessed possible implications of chronic Mn exposure.