Immunogenic recombinant Mayaro virus-like particles present natively assembled glycoprotein.

Virus-like particles (VLPs) are an established vaccine platform and can be strong immunogens capable of eliciting both humoral and cellular immune responses against a range of pathogens. Here, we show by cryo-electron microscopy that VLPs of Mayaro virus, which contain envelope glycoproteins E1-E2 and capsid, exhibit an architecture that closely resembles native virus. In contrast to monomeric and soluble envelope 2 (E2) glycoprotein, both VLPs as well as the adenovirus and modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) vaccine platforms expressing the equivalent envelope glycoproteins E1-E2, and capsid induced highly neutralising antibodies after immunisation.

Platelet Reactivity to Zika and Dengue Non-Structural Protein 1 (NS1) Assessed by Flow Cytometry, Atomic Force Microscopy, and Quartz Crystal Microbalance.

Background: Platelets, besides being traditionally associated with hemostasis, have been recently positioned as immune cells. Alterations in platelet number and function have been reported in some viral infections. Zika virus (ZIKV) and Dengue virus (DENV) are arboviruses that encode for a non-structural protein 1 (NS1).

Exploring Traits Associated With Central Sensitization Features in Patients With Chronic Cough.

The concept of cough hypersensitivity suggests that central sensitization plays a role in the pathophysiology of chronic cough. However, it remains unclear which traits are associated with central sensitization features in patients with chronic cough. A cohort of 317 Korean patients with newly referred chronic cough underwent clinical evaluations.

Could cough hypersensitivity symptom profile differentiate phenotypes of chronic cough?

Background: Recently, cough reflex hypersensitivity has been proposed as a common underlying feature of chronic cough in adults. However, symptoms and clinical characteristics of cough hypersensitivity have not been studied amongst phenotypes of chronic cough. This study aimed to compare symptom features, such as cough triggers and associated throat sensations, of cough hypersensitivity in patients with asthmatic chronic cough and those with refractory chronic cough (RCC).

Exploring the concept of disease control in chronic cough.

Background: Disease control in chronic diseases is an overarching concept that reflects the degree to which the goals of therapy are met. However, to date, there is no consensus on the definition of disease control in chronic cough. This study aimed to provide a conceptual exploration of patient-reported cough control in chronic cough.

Gut microbiota dysbiosis and its impact on asthma and other lung diseases: potential therapeutic approaches.

The emerging field of gut-lung axis research has revealed a complex interplay between the gut microbiota and respiratory health, particularly in asthma. This review comprehensively explored the intricate relationship between these two systems, focusing on their influence on immune responses, inflammation, and the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases. Recent studies have demonstrated that gut microbiota dysbiosis can contribute to asthma onset and exacerbation, prompting investigations into therapeutic strategies to correct this imbalance.

Mayaro Virus: An Emerging Alphavirus in the Americas.

Mayaro virus (MAYV) is an arbovirus first isolated in Trinidad and Tobago in 1954. MAYV is the causative agent of Mayaro fever, which is characterised by high fever, maculopapular rash, myalgia and arthralgia. The potential for chronic arthralgia is of particular clinical concern.

Advances in Alphavirus and Flavivirus Research.

Newly emerging viruses, primarily zoonotic or vector-borne, pose a persistent threat to public health and have led to outbreaks of global concern [...

Association Between Hypnotics and Dementia: A Mini Narrative Review.

Objective: This narrative review aims to provide a comprehensive assessment of the existing literature on the relationship between hypnotics and dementia, considering both potential link and inconclusive or lack of association.

Methods: Data from studies that investigate the association between hypnotic medications and dementia were reviewed. Studies included both cohort studies and systematic reviews, participants with various type of dementia and hypnotics including benzodiazepines (BZDs) and Z-drugs (ZDs).

Bipolar Disorder, Circadian Rhythm and Clock Genes.

Sleep disturbance and abnormal circadian rhythm might be closely related to bipolar disorder. Several studies involving disturbed sleep/wake cycle, changes in rhythms such as melatonin and cortisol, clock genes, and circadian preference have shown the relationship between bipolar disorder and circadian rhythm. The results differed across different studies.

The safety and immunogenicity of a bivalent conjugate vaccine against Salmonella enterica Typhi and Paratyphi A in healthy Indian adults: a phase 1, randomised, active-controlled, double-blind trial.

Background: Enteric fever caused by Salmonella enterica Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi A is an important public health problem, especially in low-income and middle-income countries with limited access to safe water and sanitation. We present results from, to our knowledge, the first ever human study of a bivalent paratyphoid A-typhoid conjugate vaccine (Sii-PTCV).

Methods: In this double-blind phase 1 study, 60 healthy Indian adults were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive a single intramuscular dose of either Sii-PTCV or typhoid conjugate vaccine (Typbar-TCV).

Association between weekend catch-up sleep and the risk of prediabetes and diabetes: A cross-sectional study using KNHANES.

Background: The objectives of this cross-sectional study were to explore the relationship between weekend catch-up sleep (WCUS) and the risk of prediabetes/diabetes and to assess how this risk varies based on WCUS duration, using a large population sample in South Korea.

Methods: Data were sourced from the 2021 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, involving 2472 subjects aged 30 years and above, employed, and not using blood glucose-lowering medications. Prediabetes/diabetes risk was examined based on the presence of WCUS.

Human papillomavirus detection rates in Bowen disease: correlation with pelvic and digital region involvement and specific p53 immunostaining patterns.

Background: The relationship between human papillomavirus (HPV) and Bowen disease (BD) is not fully understood.

Objectives: To investigate the differences in HPV detection rates in BD samples across various body regions and analyse the expression patterns of p53, p16 and Ki-67 in relation to HPV presence.

Methods: Tissue samples from patients diagnosed with BD, confirmed through histopathology, were retrospectively collected.

Nasopharyngeal lymphatic plexus is a hub for cerebrospinal fluid drainage.

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the subarachnoid space around the brain has long been known to drain through the lymphatics to cervical lymph nodes, but the connections and regulation have been challenging to identify. Here, using fluorescent CSF tracers in Prox1-GFP lymphatic reporter mice, we found that the nasopharyngeal lymphatic plexus is a major hub for CSF outflow to deep cervical lymph nodes. This plexus had unusual valves and short lymphangions but no smooth-muscle coverage, whereas downstream deep cervical lymphatics had typical semilunar valves, long lymphangions and smooth muscle coverage that transported CSF to the deep cervical lymph nodes.

Immaturity of immune cells around the dural venous sinuses contributes to viral meningoencephalitis in neonates.

High neonatal susceptibility to meningitis has been attributed to the anatomical barriers that act to protect the central nervous system (CNS) from infection being immature and not fully developed. However, the mechanisms by which pathogens breach CNS barriers are poorly understood. Using the Armstrong strain of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) to study virus propagation into the CNS during systemic infection, we demonstrate that mortality in neonatal, but not adult, mice is high after infection.

Thermal Behavior of Carbon-Phenolic/Silica Phenolic Dual-Layer Ablator Specimens through Arc-Jet Tests.

We studied the behavioral characteristics of a newly developed dual-layer ablator, which uses carbon-phenolic as a recession layer and silica-phenolic as an insulating layer. The ablator specimens were tested in a 0.4 MW supersonic arc-jet plasma wind tunnel, employing two different shapes (flat-faced and hemispherical-faced) and varying thicknesses of the carbon-phenolic recession layer.

Recent Advances in Nutraceuticals for the Treatment of Sarcopenic Obesity.

Sarcopenic obesity, low muscle mass, and high body fat are growing health concerns in the aging population. This review highlights the need for standardized criteria and explores nutraceuticals as potential therapeutic agents. Sarcopenic obesity is associated with insulin resistance, inflammation, hormonal changes, and reduced physical activity.

Ultrasonographic analysis of facial skin thickness in relation to age, site, sex, and body mass index.

Background: Numerous nonsurgical but invasive cosmetic procedures are performed blindly in the dermis or subcutaneous fat layer of the facial skin.

Objectives: To measure the numerical skin thickness of the facial areas where dermatological procedures are performed by applying ultrasound techniques, and to make it possible to estimate the skin thickness by investigating the influence of several individual constitutional factors such as age, sex, and body mass index (BMI), so that these variables can be applied to estimate skin thickness.

Materials And Methods: Skin thickness was measured at eight different facial points using an ultrasound machine (Affiniti 50; Philips Inc.

Accelerating clinical development of a live attenuated vaccine against Paratyphi A (VASP): study protocol for an observer-participant-blind randomised control trial of a novel oral vaccine using a human challenge model of Paratyphi A infection in healthy adult volunteers.

Introduction: This is the first efficacy study of an oral live attenuated vaccine against Paratyphi A using a human challenge model of paratyphoid infection. . Paratyphi A is responsible for 3.