Clinical investigation of botulinum toxin (prabotulinumtoxin A) for bruxism related to masseter muscle hypertrophy: A prospective study.

This study aims to confirm the effectiveness and safety of a prabotulinumtoxin type A (praBTX-A) injection in patients with bruxism and masseter hypertrophy. The study included patients who ground or clenched their teeth while sleeping and had computed tomography (CT) scans that showed a maximum thickness of the masseter muscle of 15 mm or more. The praBTX-A was administered bilaterally into the masseter muscles; 15 U/side for group 1, 25 U/side for group 2, and 35 U/side for group 3.

Heating Pretreatment of the Recipient Site Enhances Survival of Transplanted Fat in a Mouse Model.

Background: Despite several studies about the preparation of the recipient site in fat grafting, optimizing techniques with clinical usefulness is still necessary. Through previous animal studies reporting that heat can increase tissue vascular endothelial growth factor and vascular permeability, the authors hypothesize that pretreatment heating of the recipient site will increase retention of grafted fat.

Methods: Twenty 6-week-old female BALB/c mice had two pretreatment sites on their back, one for the experimental temperatures (44°C and 48°C) and the other for the control.

Remote Monitoring System for Condition Management of Patients in Free Flap Surgery.

Introduction: Free flap surgery is inconvenient because an attending physician must observe a patient's condition every day to ensure that normal tissue is restored within 72 h after the surgery. To address this problem, this paper proposes a remote monitoring technology to observe a patient's condition in real time.

Methods: To design a monitoring system, the camera consists of MCU board, DC-DC converter, alarm performance, Wi-fil module, and server, and the camera and MCU part is connected to the server through the wi-fi network.

A Study on 3D Deep Learning-Based Automatic Diagnosis of Nasal Fractures.

This paper reported a study on the 3-dimensional deep-learning-based automatic diagnosis of nasal fractures. (1) Background: The nasal bone is the most protuberant feature of the face; therefore, it is highly vulnerable to facial trauma and its fractures are known as the most common facial fractures worldwide. In addition, its adhesion causes rapid deformation, so a clear diagnosis is needed early after fracture onset.

Charge-Modulated Synthesis of Highly Stable Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for In Vitro and In Vivo Toxicity Evaluation.

The surface charge of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) plays a critical role in the interactions between nanoparticles and biological components, which significantly affects their toxicity in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we synthesized three differently charged IONPs (negative, neutral, and positive) based on catechol-derived dopamine, polyethylene glycol, carboxylic acid, and amine groups, via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer-mediated polymerization (RAFT polymerization) and ligand exchange. The zeta potentials of the negative, neutral, and positive IONPs were -39, -0.

Experiences and attitudes toward aesthetic procedures in East Asia: a cross-sectional survey of five geographical regions.

Background: The demand for aesthetic procedures continues to grow globally, particularly in East Asian countries. The popularity of specific aesthetic procedures varies, however, depending on the particular East Asian geographical region being studied. This study aimed to evaluate the experiences of and attitudes toward aesthetic procedures in five East Asian countries/regions, including China, Japan, South Korea, Hong Kong, and Taiwan.

Inframammary Fold Incision Can Reduce Skin Flap Necrosis in Immediate Breast Reconstruction With Implant and Conjoined Fascial Flap.

Background: Immediate breast reconstruction with implant (IBRI) can produce good aesthetic results after nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM). Various surgical incisions can be used for NSM. The purpose of this study is to compare outcomes of using an IBRI with dual-coverage fascial flap after NSM with an inframammary fold (IMF) or a radial (Rd) incision.

Comparison of Volume Retention and Biocompatibility of Acellular Dermal Matrix/Hyaluronic Acid Filler to Autologous Fat Grafts in a Mouse Model.

Background: Although fat grafting has become a widely used technique in aesthetic and reconstructive surgeries, resorption is still a challenge. Micronized acellular dermal matrix (ADM) has been considered as a stable, biocompatible soft tissue coverage material that can be used as a volume filler. Here, we compared the bioacceptance and sustainability of ADM hyaluronic acid (HA) filler with human fat graft in a mouse model.

A rare case of abdominal adenoid basal cell carcinoma in a patient with a history of radiation therapy.

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common skin cancer and its incidence is steadily increasing. Prior radiation therapy is one of the most important risk factors for BCC. Although the mechanism remains undefined, long-term studies have shown that people exposed to radiation have an increased risk of BCC.

Insulin Promotes Adipose-Derived Stem Cell Differentiation after Fat Grafting.

Background: Adipose-derived stem cells are used to enhance fat graft survival. However, their mechanism of action when grafted is controversial. The grafted cells can be replaced by connective tissue or survive at the recipient site and differentiate.

Merkel Cell Carcinoma of the Wrist: A Case Report.

Purpose: Merkel cell carcinomas are a rare type of neuroendocrine tumors of the head, neck, and extremities commonly found in older patients. Merkel cell carcinomas present as red-to-purple and nontender nodules with or without surface ulceration, usually measuring 2 cm in diameter.

Case Presentations: An 83-year-old woman with a skin-colored nodule on the dorsal aspect of her right wrist was referred to our department for treatment.

Secondary Reconstruction of Frontal Sinus Fracture.

Fractures of frontal sinus account for 5%-12% of all fractures of facial skeleton. Inadequately treated frontal sinus injuries may result in malposition of sinus structures, as well as subsequent distortion of the overlying soft tissue. Such inappropriate treatment can result in aesthetic complaints (contour deformity) as well as medical complications (recurrent sinusitis, mucocele or mucopyocele, osteomyelitis of the frontal bone, meningitis, encephalitis, brain abscess or thrombosis of the cavernous sinus) with potentially fatal outcomes.

Effect of Platelet-Rich Plasma on Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in a Skin Flap Mouse Model.

Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is a leading cause of surgical skin flap compromise and organ dysfunction. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is an abundant reserve of various growth factors. Activated platelets play a role in endothelial damage during I/R injury; however, exogenous PRP could inhibit the production of reactive oxygen species.

The Trapezius Muscle Flap: A Viable Alternative for Posterior Scalp and Neck Reconstruction.

Background: The trapezius muscle flap is not usually the first reconstructive option for skin and soft tissue defects in the posterior neck and scalp due to surgeons' unfamiliarity with the surgical anatomy and developments in free tissue transfer techniques. The goals of this study were to describe the clinical use of trapezius flaps in posterior neck and scalp reconstruction, and to investigate the vascular anatomy of trapezius flaps in Asians in order to obtain information facilitating the safe design and elevation of flaps in which most of the muscle is preserved.

Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed of 10 patients who underwent trapezius muscle flap for posterior neck and scalp defects.

Leucine-enkephalin promotes wound repair through the regulation of hemidesmosome dynamics and matrix metalloprotease.

The skin responds to environmental stressors by coordinated actions of neuropeptides and their receptors. An endogenous peptide for δ-opioid receptor (DOPr), Leu-enkephalin (L-ENK), is expressed in the skin and its expression is altered in pathological conditions. Although the importance of DOPr is rapidly gaining recognition, the molecular mechanisms underlying its effects on wound healing are largely undefined.

Wound Healing Effects of Rose Placenta in a Mouse Model of Full-Thickness Wounds.

Background: Rosa damascena, a type of herb, has been used for wound healing in Eastern folk medicine. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of rose placenta from R. damascena in a full-thickness wound model in mice.

Prevention of implant malposition in inframammary augmentation mammaplasty.

Background: Implant malposition can produce unsatisfactory aesthetic results after breast augmentation. The goal of this article is to identify aspects of the preoperative surgical planning and intraoperative flap fixation that can prevent implant malposition.

Methods: This study examined 36 patients who underwent primary dual plane breast augmentation through an inframammary incision between September 1, 2012 and January 31, 2013.

Use of the pectoralis major, serratus anterior, and external oblique fascial flap for immediate one-stage breast reconstruction with implant.

Background: Skin- or nipple-sparing mastectomy facilitates immediate one-stage reconstruction with an implant. Traditionally, an acellular dermal matrix or a muscle flap has been used because the inferolateral portion of the implant cannot be covered by the pectoralis major muscle. However, this method has drawbacks, including infection, cost, and donor-site morbidity.

Effects of the diabetic condition on grafted fat survival: an experimental study using streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

Background: Autologous fat grafts have been widely used for cosmetic purposes and for soft tissue contour reconstruction. Because diabetes mellitus is one of the major chronic diseases in nearly every country, the requirement for fat grafts in diabetes patients is expected to increase continuously. However, the circulation complications of diabetes are serious and have been shown to involve microvascular problems, impairing ischemia-driven neovascularization in particular.

3D culture of adipose-tissue-derived stem cells mainly leads to chondrogenesis in poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(L-alanine) diblock copolymer thermogel.

Poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(L-alanine) (PEG-L-PA)s with L-PA molecular weights of 620, 1100, and 2480 Da and a fixed molecular weight of PEG at 5000 Da were synthesized to compare the thermosensitive behavior, and to investigate their potential as a three-dimensional (3D) culture matrix of adipose-tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs). The sol-to-gel transition temperature and the concentration ranges where the transition was observed decreased as the L-PA molecular weight increased. ADSCs were cultured in the 3D matrixes of in situ formed PEG-L-PA hydrogels, which were produced by increasing the temperature of cell-suspended PEG-L-PA aqueous solutions.

Reverse gracilis muscle flap: an alternative means of skin coverage for recurrent infection after TKA.

Purpose: Poor wound-healing and skin necrosis are serious but not unusual complications after total knee arthroplasty, and when skin or soft tissue necrosis occurs, reconstructions in the knee area need thin, pliable, tough skin flaps.

Methods: A 62-year-old man, who previously underwent multiple TKR operations due to recurrent infection, was transferred from another hospital after a gastrocnemius muscle rotation flap failed. We decided to treat the affected area with a reverse gracilis muscle flap.

Better survival of random pattern skin flaps through the use of epigallocatechin gallate.

Background: Surgical skin flaps are useful, but flap necrosis is a common problem. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), the major polyphenol of green tea, has been investigated as a neovascularization agent to counteract necrosis.

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of EGCG on random pattern skin flap survival.

Activated platelet-rich plasma improves fat graft survival in nude mice: a pilot study.

Background: Numerous processing methods have been proposed to enhance the survival of fat grafts, but no definitive treatment protocol is available. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) contains a high concentration of platelets with neovascularization properties and has the potential to promote fat graft survival.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of activated PRP on human graft quality and survival.

Effectiveness of the trapezius vein in the reconstruction of intraoral defects with bare neck.

In head and neck cancer reconstruction, the transverse cervical artery is a good alternative vessel when the appropriate recipient vessels cannot be identified because of preoperative radiation and radical neck dissection. Selecting the appropriate recipient vein is essential for a successful intraoral reconstruction. We attempted to determine which veins are candidate partners of the transverse cervical artery by anatomically examining 10 necks (2 sides of the neck in 5 cadavers) in a cadaver study.