A Comprehensive Understanding of Tea Metabolome: From Tea Plants to Processed Teas.

Tea () is one of the most popular nonalcoholic beverages in the world, second only to water. Six main types of teas are produced globally: green, white, black, oolong, yellow, and Pu-erh. Each type has a distinctive taste, quality, and cultural significance.

A strategy for healthy eating habits of daily fruits revisited: A metabolomics study.

Many people peel fruits, commonly persimmon, grape, apple, and peach, before eating as table fruits. Differences of bioactive compounds between peels and pulps of daily fruits are widely known but limited to individual compound because understanding of differences in their global metabolites is lack. We employed H NMR-based metabolomics to explore the global metabolite differences between their peels and pulps from the fruits, which included changes of diverse metabolites in persimmon after harvest ripening.

Metabolite profile and antioxidant potential of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) during malting.

In addition to barley, wheat malt is considered an important beer material because of the recent popularity of wheat beer in the global market. The changes in metabolite profiles and antioxidant potential of wheat samples collected every 24 h during malting were investigated. Dynamic metabolite changes through H NMR-based metabolomics approaches, quantitative individual phenolic acids by high-performance liquid chromatography and antioxidant potential by colorimetric methods were assessed.

Metabolomic understanding of the difference between unpruning and pruning cultivation of tea (Camellia sinensis) plants.

Tea (Camellia sinensis) leaf quality depends on several factors such as plucking seasons, cultivation practices, and climatic conditions, which affect the chemical compositions of tea leaves. Pruning has been practiced as one of the common cultivation managements in tea cultivation and is hypothesized to exhibit metabolic differences from unpruned tea plants. Although metabolomics studies provide immense information about production of distinct tea products, the metabolic physiology of the plants cultivated under unpruning conditions is poorly understood.

Metabolomic understanding of pod removal effect in soybean plants and potential association with their health benefit.

Since natural materials, such as phytochemicals in plants, are increasingly being used for foods and skincare due to their beneficial functions, it is important for developing the cultivation practices to increase the contents of phytochemicals. We here explored metabolite perturbations in the leaves of soybean plants when their pods were removed during growth through H NMR-based metabolomics approach. There were obvious metabolic differences in the leaves between normal and pod-removed soybean plants.

Comparison of Physicochemical Properties and Metabolite Profiling Using H NMR Spectroscopy of Korean Wheat Malt.

The objective of this study was to compare the physicochemical, enzymatic, and metabolic properties of two control wheat malts imported from Germany and the US to those of malts made from three Korean wheat varieties: L., var. , , and .

Metabotyping of different soybean genotypes and distinct metabolism in their seeds and leaves.

The metabolome of three soybean genotypes, Glycine max Hwangkeum (elite or domesticated cultivar), Glycine max Napjakong (landrace or semi-wild cultivar) and Glycine soja Dolkong (wild cultivar), were characterized in seeds and leaves using a H NMR-based metabolomics approach. Expression of primary and secondary metabolites were different in seeds and leaves as well as amongst soybean genotypes. Different kaempferol glycosides were observed in the leaves but not in the seeds, and quercetin derivatives were found only in G.

Arctium lappa root extract containing L-arginine prevents TNF-α-induced early atherosclerosis in vitro and in vivo.

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the aorta and is a major cause of cardiovascular disease. Arctium lappa root is a plant widely used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), and Arctium lappa root extract (ALE) has been reported to exhibit anti-inflammatory capacity and to ameliorate endothelial dysfunction. Thus, we hypothesized that ALE would inhibit the early atherosclerotic stage.

Metabolomic understanding of intrinsic physiology in during whole growing seasons.

Background: Meyer has widely been used as a traditional herbal medicine because of its diverse health benefits. Amounts of ginseng compounds, mainly ginsenosides, vary according to seasons, varieties, geographical regions, and age of ginseng plants. However, no study has comprehensively determined perturbations of various metabolites in ginseng plants including roots and leaves as they grow.

Metabolite Markers for Characterizing Sasang Constitution Type through GC-MS and H NMR-Based Metabolomics Study.

Sasang constitutional medicine classifies human beings into four types based on their physical and psychological characteristics. Despite its potential value in achieving personalized medicine, the diagnosis of sasang constitution (SC) type is complex and subjective. In this study, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and H nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolic analyses were conducted to find maker metabolites in serum and urine according to different SC types.

Metabolic Adjustment of Arabidopsis Root Suspension Cells During Adaptation to Salt Stress and Mitotic Stress Memory.

Sessile plants reprogram their metabolic and developmental processes during adaptation to prolonged environmental stresses. To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying adaptation of plant cells to saline stress, we established callus suspension cell cultures from Arabidopsis roots adapted to high salt for an extended period of time. Adapted cells exhibit enhanced salt tolerance compared with control cells.

Metabotyping of rice (Oryza sativa L.) for understanding its intrinsic physiology and potential eating quality.

Rice (Oryza sativa L.), the major staple food in many countries, has genetic diversity adapted to different environmental conditions. However, metabolic traits about diverse rice plants are rarely discovered.

Metabolomics approach for understanding geographical dependence of soybean leaf metabolome.

The soybean plant (Glycine max) is widely used as an ingredient in various foods, nutraceuticals and cosmetics, due to their diverse bioactive compounds. Their metabolic compositions are likely affected by environmental conditions during growth. To investigate the influence of different environmental conditions on the metabolite composition of soybean leaves, we cultivated soybean (G.

Diverse Metabolite Variations in Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) Leaves Grown Under Various Shade Conditions Revisited: A Metabolomics Study.

With the increase of tea (Camellia sinensis) consumption, its chemical or metabolite compositions play a crucial role in the determination of tea quality. In general, metabolite compositions of fresh tea leaves including shoots depend on plucking seasons and tea cultivators. Therefore, choosing a specific plucking time of tea leaves can provide use-specified tea products.

Identification of epigallocatechin-3--(3--methyl)-gallate (EGCG3''Me) and amino acid profiles in various tea ( L.) cultivars.

This article includes experimental data on the identification of epigallocatechin-3-O-(3-O-methyl)-gallate (EGCG3''Me) by 2-dimensional (2D) proton (H) NMR analysis and on the information of amino acid and catechin compound profiles by HPLC analysis in leaf extracts of various tea cultivars. These data are related to the research article "" (Ji et al., 2017) [1].

Metabolic phenotyping of various tea (Camellia sinensis L.) cultivars and understanding of their intrinsic metabolism.

Recently, we selected three tea (Camellia sinensis) cultivars that are rich in taste, epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG) and epigallocatechin-3-O-(3-O-methyl)-gallate (EGCG3″Me) and then cultivated them through asexual propagation by cutting in the same region. In the present study, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (H NMR)-based metabolomics was applied to characterize the metabotype and to understand the metabolic mechanism of these tea cultivars including wild type tea. Of the tea leaf metabolite variations, reverse associations of amino acid metabolism with catechin compound metabolism were found in the rich-taste, and EGCG- and EGCG3″Me-rich tea cultivars.

Distinctive Metabolism of Flavonoid between Cultivated and Semiwild Soybean Unveiled through Metabolomics Approach.

Soybeans are an important crop for agriculture and food, resulting in an increase in the range of its application. Recently, soybean leaves have been used not only for food products but also in the beauty industry. To provide useful and global metabolite information on the development of soy-based products, we investigated the metabolic evolution and cultivar-dependent metabolite variation in the leaves of cultivated (Glycine max) and semiwild (G.

Single-walled carbon nanotubes disturbed the immune and metabolic regulation function 13-weeks after a single intratracheal instillation.

Due to their unique physicochemical properties, the potential health effects of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have attracted continuous attention together with their extensive application. In this study, we aimed to identify local and systemic health effects following pulmonary persistence of SWCNTs. As expected, SWCNTs remained in the lung for 13 weeks after a single intratracheal instillation (50, 100, and 200μg/kg).

A (1)H HR-MAS NMR-Based Metabolomic Study for Metabolic Characterization of Rice Grain from Various Oryza sativa L. Cultivars.

Rice grain metabolites are important for better understanding of the plant physiology of various rice cultivars and thus for developing rice cultivars aimed at providing diverse processed products. However, the variation of global metabolites in rice grains has rarely been explored. Here, we report the identification of intra- or intercellular metabolites in rice (Oryza sativa L.

Impact of germination on the structures and in vitro digestibility of starch from waxy brown rice.

The in vitro digestibility as well as the molecular and crystalline structures of waxy rice starches isolated from brown rice, germinated brown rice (GBR), ultrasonicated GBR, and heat-moisture treated GBR were investigated. The germinated brown rice starch (GBRS) had a lower average molecular weight and a higher proportion of DP 6-12 in amylopectin than brown rice starch (BRS). The relative crystallinity, intensity ratio of the band at 1,047 cm(-1) and 1,022 cm(-1), gelatinization temperature and pasting temperature of waxy rice starch were reduced by germination.

Inhibitory Effect of Epigallocatechin Gallate on the Virulence of Clostridium difficile PCR Ribotype 027.

Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is the most prevalent cause of health-care-associated infections. CDI-related health-care costs and deaths are both increasing annually on a global scale. C.

Nicotinamide Riboside Ameliorates Hepatic Metaflammation by Modulating NLRP3 Inflammasome in a Rodent Model of Type 2 Diabetes.

Low-grade chronic inflammation (metaflammation) is a major contributing factor for the onset and development of metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular disease. Nicotinamide riboside (NR), which is present in milk and beer, is a functional vitamin B3 having advantageous effects on metabolic regulation. However, the anti-inflammatory capacity of NR is unknown.

Metabolomic unveiling of a diverse range of green tea (Camellia sinensis) metabolites dependent on geography.

Numerous factors such as geographical origin, cultivar, climate, cultural practices, and manufacturing processes influence the chemical compositions of tea, in the same way as growing conditions and grape variety affect wine quality. However, the relationships between these factors and tea chemical compositions are not well understood. In this study, a new approach for non-targeted or global analysis, i.

Metabolomics reveals simultaneous influences of plant defence system and fungal growth in Botrytis cinerea-infected Vitis vinifera cv. Chardonnay berries.

Botrytis cinerea is a fungal plant pathogen of grape berries, leading to economic and quality losses in wine production. The global metabolite changes induced by B. cinerea infection in grape have not been established to date, even though B.