Natural course of hemodynamically stable hemispheres contralateral to operated hemispheres in adult patients with ischemic moyamoya diseases.

The necessity of bilateral bypass in adult moyamoya disease (MMD) remains unclear despite its recommendation for pediatric and hemorrhagic cases. We aimed to investigate the natural course of hemodynamically stable unoperated hemispheres after bypass surgery for symptomatic and hemodynamically unstable hemispheres in adult patients with ischemic MMD. Among 288 patients, the mean age at the first operation of the unstable hemispheres was 40.

Factors Predicting Subjective Satisfaction for Successful Hearing Aid Adaptation.

(1) Background: For successful hearing aid (HA) use during daily life, an objective parameter reflecting the subjective satisfaction is required. We explored the aided hearing status, hearing in noise test (HINT) scores, and subjective outcomes to predict performance improvements in everyday living. (2) Methods: A total of 406 patients with hearing loss (HL) who were prescribed HAs were included and were divided into two groups according to the symmetricity of HL.

Dapagliflozin Does Not Protect against Adriamycin-Induced Kidney Injury in Mice.

Introduction: Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors target SGLT2 in renal proximal tubules and promote glycosuria in type 2 diabetes mellitus in humans and animal models, resulting in reduced blood glucose levels. Although clinical trials have shown that SGLT2 inhibitors attenuate the progression of chronic kidney disease, there have been concerns regarding SGLT2-induced acute kidney injury. In this study, we investigated the effect of SGLT2 inhibitors on adriamycin-induced kidney injury in mice.

Spexin-based galanin receptor 2 agonist improves renal injury in mice with type 2 diabetes.

The spexin-based GALR2 agonist (NS200) is a novel drug, which has shown antidepressant and anxiolytic action in a recent experimental study. In this study, we investigated the effects of NS200 on renal injury in an animal model of type 2 diabetes. Eight-week-old diabetic mice were administered NS200 for 12 weeks.

Synergistic material modification-induced optimization of interfacial charge transfer and surface hydrogen adsorption.

Being chemically stable, low cost and made from abundant resources, titanium dioxide (TiO) possesses the most desired advantages for photocatalytic applications. However, the intrinsic limits of high surface hydrogen adsorption energy, wide band gap, low separation rate and rapid recombination of the photogenerated charge carriers greatly hamper its utilization. To address these issues, the present work combines density functional theory (DFT) calculations with rational modifications of TiO with nickel doping and an ultra-thin shield of fluorinated carbon (FNT) for application in the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER).

Adaptive Nutrition Intervention Stabilizes Serum Phosphorus Levels in Hemodialysis Patients: A Multicenter Decentralized Clinical Trial Using Real-World Data.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effect of an adaptive nutritional and educational intervention for patients on hemodialysis (HD) in a routine care setting, using real-world data from electronic health records.

Methods: Decentralized clinical trial of seven HD facilities recruited patients who have been on HD for over 3 months (N = 153) for an 8-week adaptive intervention protocol. Patients were divided into four groups: (1) control (2) education intervention (3) meal intervention (4) education and meal interventions.

Pan-Nox inhibitor treatment improves renal function in aging murine diabetic kidneys.

Background: Aging is a risk factor for development of chronic kidney disease and diabetes mellitus with commonly shared features of chronic inflammation and increased oxidative stress. Here, we investigated the effect of pan-Nox-inhibitor, APX-115, on renal function in aging diabetic mice.

Methods: Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin at 50 mg/kg/day for 5 days in 52-week-old C57BL/6J mice.

Comparison between bone-implant interfaces of microtopographically modified zirconia and titanium implants.

The aim of this study was to investigate the surface characteristics and evaluate the bone-implant interfaces of injection molded zirconia implants with or without surface treatment and compare them with those of conventional titanium implants. Four different zirconia and titanium implant groups (n = 14 for each group) were prepared: injection-molded zirconia implants without surface treatment (IM ZrO); injection-molded zirconia implants with surface treatment via sandblasting (IM ZrO-S); turned titanium implants (Ti-turned); and titanium implants with surface treatments via sandblasting with large-grit particles and acid-etching (Ti-SLA). Scanning electron microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy were used to assess the surface characteristics of the implant specimens.

SH3YL1 Protein Predicts Renal Outcomes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.

NADPH oxidase (NOX)-derived oxidative stress is an important factor in renal progression, with NOX4 being the predominant NOX in the kidney. Recently, Src homology 3 (SH3) domain-containing YSC84-like 1 (SH3YL1) was reported to be a regulator of NOX4. In this study, we tested whether the SH3YL1 protein could predict 3-year renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Puromycin-induced kidney injury and subsequent regeneration in adult zebrafish.

Puromycin treatment can cause glomerular injury to the kidney, leading to proteinuria. However, the pathogenesis of acute kidney injury and subsequent regeneration after puromycin administration in animal models remain unclear. In this work, we examined the characteristics of kidney injury and subsequent regeneration following puromycin treatment in adult zebrafish.

DFT-Based Study for the Enhancement of CO Adsorption on Metal-Doped Nitrogen-Enriched Polytriazines.

Nitrogen-enriched polytriazine (NPT), a carbon nitride-based material, has received much attention for CO storage applications. However, to enhance the CO uptake capacity more efficiently, it is necessary to understand the interaction mechanism between CO molecules and NPT through appropriate modification of the structures. Here, we introduce a method to enhance the CO adsorption capacity of NPT by incorporating metal atoms such as Sn, Co, and Ni into the polytriazine network.

The Role of V-Set Ig Domain-Containing 4 in Chronic Kidney Disease Models.

V-set Ig domain-containing 4 (VSIG4) regulates an inflammatory response and is involved in various diseases. However, the role of VSIG4 in kidney diseases is still unclear. Here, we investigated VSIG4 expression in unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO), doxorubicin-induced kidney injury mouse, and doxorubicin-induced podocyte injury models.

Role of NADPH Oxidases in Renal Aging.

Introduction: Aging of the kidney is associated with complex molecular, histological, and functional changes. Although the aging process itself does not induce renal damage, underlying disease such as diabetes mellitus can aggravate kidney injury during aging. Although oxidative stress is considered an important mediator in age-related renal fibrosis, it is unclear how oxidative stress increases during normal and diabetic aging.

Reappraisal of Intracerebral Hemorrhages and Intracerebral Hemorrhage Grading Scale Score in Surgically and Medically Managed Cerebellar Intracerebral Hemorrhage.

Background: As compared with supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhages (ICH), bleeds that occur within the cerebellum require special consideration given the nature of the posterior fossa.

Objective: To validate ICH and ICH grading scale (ICH-GS) scores in patients with cerebellar hemorrhage and examine the outcomes of patients managed surgically as compared with those who underwent conservative treatment.

Methods: This observational multicenter study included 475 patients with cerebellar hemorrhage from 9 different neurosurgical departments in Germany between 2005 and 2021.

Role of surgery in management of intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas.

Intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVF) are abnormal connections between intracranial arterial and venous systems within the dural layers. Intracranial DAVFs are rare but can occur wherever dural components exist. The pathogenesis of DAVFs is controversial.

Defectronics based photoelectrochemical properties of Cu ion doped hematite thin film.

The concentration of guest elements (dopants) into host materials play an important role in changing their intrinsic electrical and optical properties. The existence of hetero-element induce defect in crystal structure, affecting conductivity. In the current work, we report Cu ion into hematite in the defectronics point of view and their photoelectrochemical properties.

Durable CuO/mesoporous TiO photocatalyst for stable and efficient hydrogen evolution.

Heterogeneous structures containing highly dispersed semiconductor nanoparticles on a photoactive support are effective for the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). In this work, the interlayer ion-exchange and space confining nature of layered titanate nanosheets was used to embed copper ions in titanates, which were then transitioned to mesoporous CuO/TiO with highly dispersed CuO nanostructures. Both experimental and density functional theory (DFT) studies demonstrated that the fine-decoration of CuO nanostructures and the reducible valence of the copper species enabled stable superior photocatalytic activity.

Significance of Ionic Character Induced by Ga-Doped γ-AlO on Polyethylene Degradation to the Precursors of Gasoline and Diesel Oil with a Trace Amount of Wax.

Polyethylene degradation has a significant ecological impact but is also economically beneficial because it generates fuels and useful chemical products. Our study mainly describes the cleavage of C-C and C-H bonds when polyethylene (dispersed in 1-octadecene) was low-temperature heat-treated in two steps, at 180 and 250 °C, for 24 h for each step. Finally, it was converted to a mixture of the precursors of gasoline and diesel oil with a trace amount of wax.

The FimAsartaN proTeinuriA SusTaIned reduCtion in comparison with losartan in diabetic chronic kidney disease (FANTASTIC) trial.

As angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers (ARBs) may have different antiproteinuric effects in diabetic kidney disease (DKD), we ascertained the albuminuria-reducing effect of fimasartan and losartan in patients with DKD. This was a randomized, multicenter, double-blind, 4-parallel-group, dose-titration, phase III study designed to compare the efficacy of fimasartan and losartan in reducing albuminuria in patients with DKD (NCT02620306). The primary endpoint was the rate of change in albuminuria from baseline to week 24.

Silver based photocatalysts in emerging applications.

The infinite availability of solar energy grants the potential of fulfilling the energy demands and environmental sustainability requirements with more feasible and reliant renewable energy forms through photocatalysis. In the past decade, the intensive plasmonic effect, suitable work function, superior electrical conductivity and physiochemical properties have made Ag-based photocatalysts attractive components for emerging applications. The local surface plasmon resonance effect (LSPR) provides extra hot-carriers to participate in the photocatalytic process, and Schottky/Ohmic contacts would facilitate charge transfer.

Synthesis of Uniform Size Rutile TiO Microrods by Simple Molten-Salt Method and Its Photoluminescence Activity.

Uniform-size rutile TiO microrods were synthesized by simple molten-salt method with sodium chloride as reacting medium and different kinds of sodium phosphate salts as growth control additives to control the one-dimensional (1-D) crystal growth of particles. The effect of rutile and anatase ratios as a precursor was monitored for rod growth formation. Apart from uniform rod growth study, optical properties of rutile microrods were observed by UV-visible and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy.

Upregulation of VSIG4 in Type 2 Diabetic Kidney Disease.

Fibrosis is the final common finding in patients with advanced diabetic kidney disease. V-set Ig domain containing 4 (VSIG4) is related to fibrosis in several diseases. It also contributes to fibrosis under high-glucose conditions in renal tubule cells.

Chemical synthesis of NdFeB/Fe-Co nanocomposite with high magnetic energy product.

NdFeB is one of the most popular permanent magnets (PMs) possessing the best energy product (BH) among the common PM materials. However, exchange-coupled nanocomposite magnets fabricated by embedding nanostructures of soft-phase magnetic materials into a hard-phase magnetic matrix manifest higher remanence and a higher energy product. Here we present the fabrication of exchange coupled NdFeB/Fe-Co magnetic nanocomposites using gel-combustion and diffusion-reduction processes.

Impact of acute kidney injury on long-term adverse outcomes in obstructive uropathy.

Obstructive uropathy is known to be associated with acute kidney injury (AKI). This study aimed to investigate the etiologies, clinical characteristics, consequences and also assess the impact of AKI on long-term outcomes. This multicenter, retrospective study of 1683 patients with obstructive uropathy who underwent percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN) analyzed clinical characteristics, outcomes including progression to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), overall mortality, and the impact of AKI on long-term outcomes.