Conversion of N-doped biochar from carotenoid-extracted Tetraselmis suecica and its application to produce supercapacitors.

Microalgae are one of the promising feedstocks for biorefinery, contributing significantly to net-zero emissions through carbon capture and utilization. However, the disposal of microalgal byproducts from the manufacturing process causes additional environmental pollution, thus, a new application strategy is required. In this study, the Tetraselmis suecica byproduct from the carotenoid extraction process was carbonized and converted into biochar.

Humidity-tolerant porous polymer coating for passive daytime radiative cooling.

Coating building envelopes with a passive daytime radiative cooling (PDRC) material has attracted enormous attention as an alternative cooling technique with minimal energy consumption and carbon footprint. Despite the exceptional performance and scalability of porous polymer coating (PPC), achieving consistent performance over a wide range of drying environments remains a major challenge for its commercialization as a radiative cooling paint. Herein, we demonstrate the humidity vulnerability of PPC during the drying process and propose a simple strategy to greatly mitigate the issue.

Ultra-wideband transmission filter based on guided-mode resonances in two terahertz metasurfaces.

This paper reports on a broadband transmission filter that employs the guided mode resonances pertaining to a terahertz metasurface composed of metallic gold disks with a quartz slab. Unlike structures involving conventional metasurfaces, two identical metasurfaces are placed on the upper and lower sides of a thick quartz slab. This structure can excite both even and odd guided mode resonances.

Fabrication of Wearable Transistor with All-Graphene Electrodes via Hot Pressing.

Textile electronics are ideal for novel electronic devices owing to their flexibility, light weight, and wearability. In this work, wearable organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) with all-graphene electrodes, fabricated using hot pressing, are described. First, highly conductive and flexible electrodes consisting of a cotton textile substrate and electrochemically exfoliated graphene (EEG) were prepared via hot pressing.

A Review of Polymer Composites Based on Carbon Fillers for Thermal Management Applications: Design, Preparation, and Properties.

With the development of microelectronic devices having miniaturized and integrated electronic components, an efficient thermal management system with lightweight materials, which have outstanding thermal conductivity and processability, is becoming increasingly important. Recently, the use of polymer-based thermal management systems has attracted much interest due to the intrinsic excellent properties of the polymer, such as the high flexibility, low cost, electrical insulation, and excellent processability. However, most polymers possess low thermal conductivity, which limits the thermal management applications of them.

Highly Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride as a Novel Precursor for Fibrous Carbon Material.

Pure, highly chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC), with a 63 wt % of chlorine, showed a unique-thermal-pyrolytic-phenomenon that meant it could be converted to carbon material through solid-phase carbonisation rather than liquid-phase carbonisation. The CPVC began to decompose at 270 °C, with a rapid loss in mass due to dehydrochlorination and novel aromatisation and polycondensation up to 400 °C. In this study, we attempted to prepare carbon fibre (CF) without oxidative stabilisation, using the aforementioned CPVC as a novel precursor.

Shortening Stabilization Time Using Pressurized Air Flow in Manufacturing Mesophase Pitch-Based Carbon Fiber.

Oxidation-stabilization using pressurized air flows of 0.5 and 1.0 MPa could successfully shorten the total stabilization time to less than 60 min for manufacturing mesophase pitch-based carbon fibers without deteriorating mechanical performance.

Efficiency Enhancement of Tandem Organic Light-Emitting Devices Fabricated Utilizing an 1,4,5,8,9,11-Hexaazatriphenylene-Hexacarbonitrile Charge-Generation Layer.

The electrical and the optical properties of tandem organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) with stacked electroluminescence units were investigated to clarify the charge-generation mechanisms due to the existence of a charge-generation layer (CGL). The current density of the current limited devices with an 1,4,5,8,9,11-hexaazatriphenylene-hexacarbonitrile (HAT-CN) CGL was 35% higher than that of devices with a tungsten-oxide (WO3) CGL. The maximum current density of the current limited devices with a HAT-CN CGL was as high as 259 mA/cm2.

Enhancement of the Luminance Efficiency in Organic Light-Emitting Devices with p-Substituted Phenylphosphonic-Acid Self-Assembled Monolayers.

Organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) containing self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) prepared by using p-substituted phenylphosponic acids on indium-tin-oxide electrodes were fabricated and examined to understand the substituent effect of the SAMs on the device performance. OLEDs modified by using (4-methoxyphenyl)phosphonic acid (MOPPA) SAMs or (4-chlorophenyl)phosphonic acid (CPPA) SAMs, both with electron withdrawing groups, had enhanced hole injection, reduced operating voltage, and remarkably increased current density and luminance efficiency compared with those without SAMs. The luminance efficiency which was the ratio of luminous flux to power for OLEDs containing CPPA SAMs and that for the OLEDs containing MOPPA SAMs were enhanced 2.

Luminance enhancement of color stabilized organic light-emitting devices with an active layer containing CdSe/CdS/ZnS core/shell/shell quantum dots.

Organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) with a 1,3-bis(9-carbazolyl)benzene (mCP) or a (9-(3-(9 H-carbazol-9-yl)phenyl)-9 H-carbazol-3-yl)-diphenylphosphine oxide (mCPPO1) layer containing CdSe/CdS/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) were fabricated. The average diameter of core/shell/shell QDs, as determined from transmission electron microscopy measurements, was approximately 7 nm. The photoluminescence spectrum for the CdSe/CdS/ZnS QDs showed a dominant exciton peak.

Flexible white organic light-emitting devices with a porous red polymer layer and a blue small molecular layer utilizing a phase separation of blended polymer.

Flexible white organic light-emitting devices (WOLEDs) with an emitting layer consisting of a porous red poly(2-methoxy-5-(2'-ethyl-hexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene) (MEH-PPV) polymer layer and a blue 4,4'-bis(2,2'-diphenylvinyl)-1,1'-biphenyl (DPVBi) small molecular layer were fabricated on polyethylene terephthalate substrates. The current density of the flexible WOLEDs fabricated with a blend layer formed with a higher spincoating speed was significantly higher than that of a device fabricated with a lower spincoating speed, due to the higher pore density. The ratio between the red and the blue color peak intensities of the electroluminescence spectra for the flexible WOLEDs with a porous red MEH-PPV polymer layer and a blue DPVBi small molecular layer was controlled by the spincoating speed of the blend layer.

Evolution of power law distributions in science and society.

Power law distributions have been observed in numerous physical and social systems; for example, the size distributions of particles, aerosols, corporations, and cities are often power laws. Each system is an ensemble of clusters, comprising units that combine with or dissociate from the cluster. Constructing models and investigating their properties are needed to understand how such clusters evolve.