Deficiency and dysfunctional roles of natural killer T cells in patients with ARDS.

Objective: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) presents a global health challenge, characterized by significant morbidity and mortality. However, the role of natural killer T (NKT) cells in human ARDS remains poorly understood. Therefore, this study explored the numerical and functional status of NKT cells in patients with ARDS, examining their clinical relevance and interactions with macrophages and fibroblasts during various stages of the syndrome.

Preliminary Investigation on Efficacy and Safety of Substance P-Coated Stent for Promoting Re-Endothelialization: A Porcine Coronary Artery Restenosis Model.

Background: Current polymer-based drug-eluting stents (DESs) have fundamental issues about inflammation and delayed re-endothelializaton of the vessel wall. Substance-P (SP), which plays an important role in inflammation and endothelial cells, has not yet been applied to coronary stents. Therefore, this study compares poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA)-based everolimus-eluting stents (PLGA-EESs) versus 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC)-based SP-eluting stents (MPC-SPs) in in-vitro and in-vivo models.

Altered Frequency, Activation, and Clinical Relevance of Circulating Innate and Innate-Like Lymphocytes in Patients With Alcoholic Liver Cirrhosis.

Alcoholic liver cirrhosis (ALC) is caused by chronic alcohol overconsumption and might be linked to dysregulated immune responses in the gut-liver axis. However, there is a lack of comprehensive research on levels and functions of innate lymphocytes including mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, NKT cells, and NK (NK) cells in ALC patients. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the levels and function of these cells, evaluate their clinical relevance, and explore their immunologic roles in the pathogenesis of ALC.

Activation and increased production of interleukin-17 and tumour necrosis factor-α of mucosal-associated invariant T cells in patients with periodontitis.

Aim: Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are known to be resident in oral mucosal tissue, but their roles in periodontitis are unknown. This study aimed to examine the level and function of MAIT cells in periodontitis patients.

Materials And Methods: Frequency, activation, and function of MAIT cells from 28 periodontitis patients and 28 healthy controls (HCs) were measured by flow cytometry.

Altered distribution, activation and increased IL-17 production of mucosal-associated invariant T cells in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Objective: Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are a subset of innate-like T cells that are engaged in a number of diseases, but their roles in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are not fully examined yet. This study aimed to examine levels and functions of MAIT cells in patients with ARDS.

Methods: Peripheral blood samples from patients with ARDS (n=50) and healthy controls (HCs, n=50) were collected.

Circulating Plasmacytoid and Conventional Dendritic Cells Are Numerically and Functionally Deficient in Patients With Scrub Typhus.

Background: Dendritic cells (DCs) are specialized antigen-presenting cells known to bridge innate and adaptive immune reactions. However, the relationship between circulating DCs and infection is unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the level and function of plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) and conventional DCs (cDCs), two subsets of circulating DCs, in scrub typhus patients.

Activation, Deficiency, and Reduced IFN-γ Production of Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are innate-like T cells that can activate either in response to T-cell receptor (TCR) engagement or through activating cytokines and play an important role in autoimmune disorders. The study examined the level and function of MAIT cells in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Circulating MAIT cell levels were significantly reduced in IBD patients.

Natural Killer T Cells Are Numerically and Functionally Deficient in Patients with Trauma.

Natural killer T (NKT) cells rapidly produce Th1 and Th2 cytokines such as interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin (IL)-4. This study examined the frequency and function of NKT cells in trauma patients. Frequencies, proliferative responses to α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer), and Th1/Th2 cytokine secretion levels of NKT cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from trauma patients and healthy controls (HC) were measured by flow cytometry.

Altered distribution and enhanced osteoclastogenesis of mucosal-associated invariant T cells in gouty arthritis.

Objective: This study was designed to investigate the role of mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells in gouty arthritis (GA) and their effects on osteoclastogenesis.

Methods: Patients with GA (n = 61), subjects with hyperuricaemia (n = 11) and healthy controls (n = 30) were enrolled in this study. MAIT cells, cytokines, CD69, programmed death-1 (PD-1) and lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG-3) levels were measured by flow cytometry.

Activation and Impaired Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Production of Circulating Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells in Patients with Trauma.

Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells rapidly produce proinflammatory cytokines in an innate-like manner and play an important role in controlling the host immune response. This study examined the function of MAIT cells in trauma patients. The expression of cytokines in peripheral blood MAIT cells was measured by flow cytometry.

Dysfunction of Circulating Natural Killer T Cells in Patients With Scrub Typhus.

Background: Human natural killer T (NKT) cells are known to serve as regulatory and/or effector cells in infectious diseases. However, little is known about the role of NKT cells in Orientia tsutsugamushi infection. Accordingly, the objective of this study was to examine the level and function of NKT cells in patients with scrub typhus.

Increased level and interferon-γ production of circulating natural killer cells in patients with scrub typhus.

Background: Natural killer (NK) cells are essential immune cells against several pathogens. Not much is known regarding the roll of NK cells in Orientia tsutsugamushi infection. Thus, this study aims to determine the level, function, and clinical relevance of NK cells in patients with scrub typhus.

Deficiencies of Circulating Mucosal-associated Invariant T Cells and Natural Killer T Cells in Patients with Multiple Trauma.

Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells and natural killer T (NKT) cells are known to play important roles in autoimmunity, infectious diseases and cancers. However, little is known about the roles of these invariant T cells in multiple trauma. The purposes of this study were to examine MAIT and NKT cell levels in patients with multiple trauma and to investigate potential relationships between these cell levels and clinical parameters.

Biomarkers for discrimination between latent tuberculosis infection and active tuberculosis disease.

Objective: We aimed to determine whether combinations of multiplex cytokine responses could differentiate Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection states.

Methods: Mtb-specific antigen-induced and unstimulated cytokines were measured by Luminex assay in supernatants of QuantiFERON Gold In-Tube assay (QFT) in 48 active pulmonary TB patients (TB), 15 latent TB infection subjects (LTBI), and 13 healthy controls (HCs).

Results: Among the 29 cytokines, eight Mtb antigen-specific biomarkers (GM-CSF, IFN-γ, IL-1RA, IL-2, IL-3, IL-13, IP-10, and MIP-1β) in the Mtb-infected group were significantly different from those of the HCs.

Clinical relevance of circulating mucosal-associated invariant T cell levels and their anti-cancer activity in patients with mucosal-associated cancer.

Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are an antimicrobial MR1-restricted T cell subset and play an important role in immune defense response to bacteria. However, little is known about the role of MAIT cells in cancer. The aims of this study were to examine the level and function of MAIT cells in cancer patients and to evaluate the clinical relevance of MAIT cell levels.

Activation, Impaired Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Production, and Deficiency of Circulating Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells in Patients with Scrub Typhus.

Background: Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells contribute to protection against certain microorganism infections. However, little is known about the role of MAIT cells in Orientia tsutsugamushi infection. Hence, the aims of this study were to examine the level and function of MAIT cells in patients with scrub typhus and to evaluate the clinical relevance of MAIT cell levels.

Micro-Ribonucleic Acid Profiles From Microarray in Ankylosing Spondylitis.

Objectives: This study aims to detect candidate micro-ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) from microarray within peripheral blood mononuclear cells and synovial fluid mononuclear cells in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS).

Patients And Methods: Samples from three AS patients (3 males, mean age 37.3±2.

Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cell Deficiency in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells have been reported to play an important role in mucosal immunity. However, little is known about the roles of MAIT cells in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The aims of this study were to examine the levels of circulating MAIT cells and their subsets in COPD patients and to investigate the potential relationship between clinical parameters and MAIT cell levels.

Dysregulated osteoclastogenesis is related to natural killer T cell dysfunction in rheumatoid arthritis.

Objective: To investigate the role played by natural killer T (NKT) cells in osteoclastogenesis and their effects on inflammatory bone destruction.

Methods: Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (n = 25) and healthy controls (n = 12) were enrolled in this study. In vitro osteoclastogenesis experiments were performed using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in the presence of macrophage colony-stimulating factor and RANKL.

Deficiencies of Circulating Mucosal-associated Invariant T Cells and Natural Killer T Cells in Patients with Acute Cholecystitis.

Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells and natural killer T (NKT) cells are known to play crucial roles in a variety of diseases, including autoimmunity, infectious diseases, and cancers. However, little is known about the roles of these invariant T cells in acute cholecystitis. The purposes of this study were to examine the levels of MAIT cells and NKT cells in patients with acute cholecystitis and to investigate potential relationships between clinical parameters and these cell levels.

Mucosal-associated invariant T cells are numerically and functionally deficient in patients with mycobacterial infection and reflect disease activity.

Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells contribute to protection against certain microorganism infections. The aims of this study were to examine the levels of MAIT cells in pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) lung disease patients, to evaluate the clinical relevance of MAIT cell levels, and to investigate the functions of MAIT cells. Patients with pulmonary TB (n = 35), NTM (n = 29), and healthy controls (n = 75) were enrolled in the study.

Mucosal-associated invariant T cell deficiency in systemic lupus erythematosus.

Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells contribute to protection against certain microorganism infections and play an important role in mucosal immunity. However, the role of MAIT cells remains enigmatic in autoimmune diseases. In this study, we examined the level and function of MAIT cells in patients with rheumatic diseases.

Analysis of predictors influencing indeterminate whole-blood interferon-gamma release assay results in patients with rheumatic diseases.

Triggers of indeterminate results from interferon-gamma release assays (IGRA) in patients with rheumatic diseases are still elusive. The aim of the present study was to describe predictors of indeterminate results from IGRA in the field of rheumatology. This cross-sectional study was retrospectively performed by using a database of patients with a request for QuantiFERON-TB Gold-In Tube test (QFT-GIT) for screening of latent tuberculosis infection.

MicroRNA-155 as a proinflammatory regulator via SHIP-1 down-regulation in acute gouty arthritis.

Introduction: Gout is characterized by episodes of intense joint inflammation in response to intra-articular monosodium urate monohydrate (MSU) crystals. miR-155 is crucial for the proinflammatory activation of human myeloid cells and antigen-driven inflammatory arthritis. The functional role of miR-155 in acute gouty arthritis has not been defined.