A Prospective Study of Pressure Injury Healing Rate and Time and Influencing Factors in an Acute Care Setting.

Objective: To determine pressure injury (PI) healing rate and time and identify influencing factors.

Methods: A prospective cohort research design was used. Data collection was performed between May 2015 and August 2018.

Performance Improvement of Residue-Free Graphene Field-Effect Transistor Using Au-Assisted Transfer Method.

We report a novel graphene transfer technique for fabricating graphene field-effect transistors (FETs) that avoids detrimental organic contamination on a graphene surface. Instead of using an organic supporting film like poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) for graphene transfer, Au film is directly deposited on the as-grown graphene substrate. Graphene FETs fabricated using the established organic film transfer method are easily contaminated by organic residues, while Au film protects graphene channels from these contaminants.

Defect-Free Mechanical Graphene Transfer Using Doping Adhesive Gel Buffer.

The synthesis of uniform low-defect graphene on a catalytic metal substrate is getting closer to the industrial level. However, its practical application is still challenging due to the lack of an appropriate method for its scalable damage-free transfer to a device substrate. Here, an efficient approach for a defect-free, etchant-free, wrinkle-free, and large-area graphene transfer is demonstrated by exploiting a multifunctional viscoelastic polymer gel as a simultaneous shock-free adhesive and dopant layer.

Super-Nernstian pH Sensor Based on Anomalous Charge Transfer Doping of Defect-Engineered Graphene.

The conventional pH sensor based on the graphene ion-sensitive field-effect transistor (Gr-ISFET), which operates with an electrostatic gating at the solution-graphene interface, cannot have a pH sensitivity above the Nernst limit (∼59 mV/pH). However, for accurate detection of the pH levels of an aqueous solution, an ultrasensitive pH sensor that can exceed the theoretical limit is required. In this study, a novel Gr-ISFET-based pH sensor is fabricated using proton-permeable defect-engineered graphene.

Highly Efficient -Type Doping of Graphene by Vacuum Annealed Amine-Rich Macromolecules.

Flexible transparent conducting electrodes (FTCE) are an essential component of next-generation flexible optoelectronic devices. Graphene is expected to be a promising material for the FTCE, because of its high transparency, large charge carrier mobilities, and outstanding chemical and mechanical stability. However, the electrical conductivity of graphene is still not good enough to be used as the electrode of an FTCE, which hinders its practical application.

Toward Scalable Growth for Single-Crystal Graphene on Polycrystalline Metal Foil.

Despite the enormous potential of the single-crystalline two-dimensional (2D) materials for a wide range of future innovations and applications, 2D single-crystals are still suffering in industrialization due to the lack of efficient large-area production methods. In this work, we introduce a general approach for the scalable growth of single-crystalline graphene, which is a representative 2D material, through "transplanting" uniaxially aligned graphene "seedlings" onto a larger-area catalytic growth substrate. By inducing homoepitaxial growth of graphene from the edges of the seeds arrays without additional nucleations, we obtained single-crystalline graphene with an area four times larger than the mother graphene seed substrate.

Synergistic effect of Korean red ginseng and var. against trimethyltin-induced cognitive impairment.

Many edible plant extracts exhibit biological activities. For example, the ethanol extract of var. () inhibits acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and red ginseng is well known for promoting health.

The changing pattern of parasitic infection among Korean populations by paleoparasitological study of Joseon Dynasty mummies.

In the coprolites of 4 recently discovered Joseon mummies of Korea, we found Ascaris lumbricoides , Trichuris trichiura , Metagonimus yokogawai , Paragonimus westermani , and Clonorchis sinensis eggs. The current finding was compared with previous paleoparasitological data, and with recent national survey data from Korea. For A.

The identification of multiple symptom clusters and their effects on functional performance in cancer patients.

Aims And Objectives: To identify cancer-related symptom clusters, to explore their inter-relationships and to examine the effects of single symptoms and the synergistic effects of symptom clusters on functional performance using path analysis by structural equation modelling in patients with various types of cancer.

Background: Recent studies suggest that cancer patients frequently experience three or more concurrent related symptoms and that this clustering of symptoms is likely to have negative synergistic impacts on outcomes, because of the complicated dynamics of clusters.

Design: A cross-sectional design.

Effects of rutaecarpine on the metabolism and urinary excretion of caffeine in rats.

Although rutaecarpine, an alkaloid originally isolated from the unripe fruit of Evodia rutaecarpa, has been reported to reduce the systemic exposure of caffeine, the mechanism of this phenomenon is unclear. We investigated the microsomal enzyme activity using hepatic S-9 fraction and the plasma concentration-time profiles and urinary excretion of caffeine and its major metabolites after an oral administration of caffeine in the presence and absence of rutaecarpine in rats. Following oral administration of 80 mg/kg rutaecarpine for three consecutive days, caffeine (20 mg/kg) was given orally.

Bisphenol A migration from polycarbonate baby bottle with repeated use.

This study was to quantify the migration of bisphenol A (BPA), from new polycarbonate (PC) baby bottle into the water filled in the bottle, with repeated use up to 100 times and extraction by water temperature ranging from 40 degrees C to 100 degrees C. BPA was determined by GC-MS, operated in the selected ion monitoring mode. The concentrations of BPA, migrated from brand-new PC baby bottle, were 0.

Causal relationships among factors associated with cancer-related fatigue.

Purpose: This study was conducted to develop and verify a comprehensive model, which illustrates the dynamic causal relationships between fatigue and its associated factors in cancer patients.

Method: The subjects were 110 in- or out-patients with various types of cancer being treated at a University Hospital, Incheon, South Korea. The comprehensive model consists of physical distress, sleep-related, physiologic, psychological distress, physical performance, and exercise factors.

Identification of glutathione conjugates of 1-bromopentane and its hepatotoxicity in female BALB/c mice.

Halogenated organic compounds, such as 1-bromopentane (1-BPT), are used as cleaning agents, synthesis agents, or extraction solvents in the workplace. In the present study, glutathione (GSH) conjugation and hepatotoxicity induced by 1-BPT were investigated in female BALB/c mice. S-Bromopentyl GSH, S-bromopentyl cysteine, and mono-hydroxypentyl mercapturic acid were identified in liver by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry.

Effects of Oral Rutaecarpine on the Pharmacokinetics of Intravenous Chlorzoxazone in Rats.

It has been reported that hepatic microsomal cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2E1 is responsible for the metabolism of chlorzoxazone (CZX) to 6-hydroxychlorzoxazone. The present study was undertaken to assess the possible interaction of rutaecarpine, an alkaloid originally isolated from the unripe fruit of , with CZX. Male Spraque-Dawley rats were administered with 80 mg/kg/day of oral rutaecarpine for three consecutive days.

In vitro characterization of the enzymes involved in the metabolism of 1-furan-2-yl-3-pyridin-2-yl-propenone, an anti-inflammatory propenone compound.

Carbonyl reduction is a significant step in the phase I biotransformation of a great variety of aromatic, alicyclic and aliphatic carbonyl compounds. 1-Furan-2-yl-3-pyridin-2-yl-propenone (FPP-3) has been shown to have anti-inflammatory activity as it inhibits the production of nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor-beta. In the present study, the metabolic fate and possible involvement of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11beta-HSD) and carbonyl reductase (CBR) in the metabolism of FPP-3 were investigated in rat liver subcellular fractions.

Characterization of in vitro metabolites of deoxypodophyllotoxin in human and rat liver microsomes using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry.

The in vitro metabolism of deoxypodophyllotoxin (DPT), a medicinal herbal product isolated from Anthriscus sylvestris (Apiaceae), was investigated in rats and human microsomes and human recombinant cDNA-expressed CYPs. The incubation of DPT with pooled human microsomes in the presence of NADPH generated five metabolites while its incubation with dexamethasone (Dex)-induced rat liver resulted in seven metabolites (M1-M7) with major metabolic reactions including mono-hydroxylation, O-demethylation and demethylenation. Reasonable structures of the seven metabolites of DPT could be proposed, based on the electrospray tandem mass spectra.

[Comprehensive predictors of fatigue for cancer patients].

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify comprehensive predictors of fatigue in cancer patients.

Methods: One hundred ten cancer patients visiting in-patient or out-patient clinics of a university hospital located in Incheon participated in this study.

Results: The hematologic indicators (WBC and Hemoglobin) were significant for explaining fatigue.