The Effects of Longitudinal White Matter Hyperintensity Change on Cognitive Decline and Cortical Thinning over Three Years.

White matter hyperintensity (WMH) has been recognised as a surrogate marker of small vessel disease and is associated with cognitive impairment. We investigated the dynamic change in WMH in patients with severe WMH at baseline, and the effects of longitudinal change of WMH volume on cognitive decline and cortical thinning. Eighty-seven patients with subcortical vascular mild cognitive impairment were prospectively recruited from a single referral centre.

Presynaptic dopaminergic function in early-onset Alzheimer's disease: an FP-CIT image study.

We aimed to investigate whether amyloid-β (Aβ) positive early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD) patients have presynaptic dopaminergic deficits on in vivo F-FP-CIT PET imaging. We enrolled 34 EOAD patients and 9 cognitively normal controls (NC), all of whom underwent F-florbetaben and F-FP-CIT PET at Samsung Medical Center. We assessed motor symptoms using Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) and divided the EOAD patients into 2 groups using a UPDRS cutoff of 10.

Author Correction: Multimodal imaging analyses in patients with genetic and sporadic forms of small vessel disease.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Author Correction: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and cerebral small vessel disease in Korean cognitively normal individuals.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Clinical significance of amyloid β positivity in patients with probable cerebral amyloid angiopathy markers.

Purpose: We investigated the frequency and clinical significance of amyloid β (Aβ) positivity on PET in patients with cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA).

Methods: We recruited 65 patients who met the modified Boston criteria for probable CAA. All underwent amyloid PET, MRI, APOE genotyping and neuropsychological testing, and we obtained information on MRI markers of CAA and ischemic cerebral small-vessel disease (CSVD).

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and cerebral small vessel disease in Korean cognitively normal individuals.

We aimed to investigate the association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) burden, especially according to the NAFLD severity. A total of 1,260 participants were included. The CSVD burden was assessed with white matter hyperintensities (WMH), lacunes, and microbleeds (MBs) on brain MRI.

Multimodal imaging analyses in patients with genetic and sporadic forms of small vessel disease.

Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is thought to be a pure genetic form of subcortical vascular cognitive impairment (SVCI). The aim of this study was to compare white matter integrity and cortical thickness between typical CADASIL, a genetic form, and two sporadic forms of SVCI (with NOTCH3 and without NOTCH3 variants). We enrolled typical CADASIL patients (N = 11) and SVCI patients [with NOTCH3 variants (N = 15), without NOTCH3 variants (N = 101)].

Data-driven prognostic features of cognitive trajectories in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairments.

Background: Although amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) is generally considered to be a prodromal stage of Alzheimer's disease, patients with aMCI show heterogeneous patterns of progression. Moreover, there are few studies investigating data-driven cognitive trajectory in aMCI. We therefore classified patients with aMCI based on their cognitive trajectory, measured by clinical dementia rating sum of boxes (CDR-SOB).

Retinal microvasculature changes in amyloid-negative subcortical vascular cognitive impairment compared to amyloid-positive Alzheimer's disease.

Background And Purpose: To investigate small vessel abnormalities in patients with cognitive impairment, we compared retinal microvascular alterations between patients with cognitive impairment related to Alzheimer's disease (ADCI) and those with subcortical vascular cognitive impairment (SVCI).

Methods: We prospectively recruited 29 amyloid-positive ADCI patients, 28 amyloid-negative SVCI patients that were confirmed by C-PiB-PET scan and 34 individuals with normal cognition (NC). The three groups were compared in terms of retinal vascular variables (retinal fractal dimension, vascular caliber, tortuosity and branching angle) by using a semi-automated, computer-assisted analysis of digital fundus photographs.

Distinct amyloid distribution patterns in amyloid positive subcortical vascular cognitive impairment.

Amyloid-β (Aβ) and cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) commonly coexist. They can occur independently by chance, or may interact with each other. We aimed to determine whether the distribution of Aβ in subcortical vascular cognitive impairments (SVCI) patients can be classified by the underlying pathobiologies.

Trajectories of Physiological Brain Aging and Related Factors in People Aged from 20 to over-80.

Background/objective: In this study, we investigated a long-term trajectory of brain aging (from the 20 s to over-80) in cognitively normal (CN) individuals. We further determined whether differences in sex, education years, and apolipoprotein E ε 4 status affect age-related cortical thinning.

Methods: A total of 2,944 CN individuals who underwent high-resolution (3.

Assessment of Extent and Role of Tau in Subcortical Vascular Cognitive Impairment Using 18F-AV1451 Positron Emission Tomography Imaging.

Importance: Amyloid-β (Aβ), tau, and cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), which occasionally coexist, are the most common causes of cognitive impairments in older people. However, whether tau is observed in patients with subcortical vascular cognitive impairment (SVCI), as well as its associations with Aβ and CSVD, are not yet established. More importantly, the role of tau underlying cognitive impairments in SVCI is unknown.

Longitudinal outcomes of amyloid positive versus negative amnestic mild cognitive impairments: a three-year longitudinal study.

We aimed to compare the longitudinal outcome of amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) patients with significant Pittsburgh Compound B uptake [PiB(+) aMCI] and those without [PiB(-) aMCI]. Cerebral β-amyloid was measured in 47 patients with aMCI using PiB-positron emission tomography (PET) (31 PiB(+) aMCI and 16 PiB(-) aMCI). Clinical (N = 47) and neuropsychological follow-up (N = 37), and follow-up with brain magnetic resonance imaging (N = 38) and PiB-PET (N = 30) were performed for three years.

Author Correction: Distinctive Clinical Effects of Haemorrhagic Markers in Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy.

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.

The Impact of APOE ɛ4 in Alzheimer's Disease Differs According to Age.

We evaluated how the impact of apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) differs according to age in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. We recruited 846 AD patients and 815 cognitively normal controls and categorized into three groups with respect to their age (<65, 65-74, and ≥75 years). We evaluated the risk of AD in APOE4 carriers and compared cortical thickness and cognitive function according to APOE4 status in each age group.

Distinctive Clinical Effects of Haemorrhagic Markers in Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy.

Restricted lobar cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) and cortical superficial siderosis (CSS) are the characteristic markers of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). However, their effects on clinical features has not been evaluated well. The purpose of this study is to investigate the clinical implication of these markers in clinical-radiologically diagnosed CAA.

Head to head comparison of [F] AV-1451 and [F] THK5351 for tau imaging in Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia.

Purpose: Tau accumulation is a core pathologic change in various neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal lobar degeneration-tau. Recently, tau positron emission tomography tracers such as [F] AV-1451 and [F] THK5351 have been developed to detect tau deposition in vivo. In the present study, we performed a head to head comparison of these two tracers in Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia cases and aimed to investigate which tracers are better suited to image tau in these disorders.

Erratum to: Prognosis of Patients with Behavioral Variant Frontotemporal Dementia Who have Focal Versus Diffuse Frontal Atrophy.

This corrects the article on p. 234 in vol. 13, PMID: 28748674.

Correlations between Gray Matter and White Matter Degeneration in Pure Alzheimer's Disease, Pure Subcortical Vascular Dementia, and Mixed Dementia.

Alzheimer's disease dementia (ADD) and subcortical vascular dementia (SVaD) both show cortical thinning and white matter (WM) microstructural changes. We evaluated different patterns of correlation between gray matter (GM) and WM microstructural changes in pure ADD, pure SVaD, and mixed dementia. We enrolled 40 Pittsburgh compound B (PiB) positive ADD patients without WM hyperintensities (pure ADD), 32 PiB negative SVaD patients (pure SVaD), 23 PiB positive SVaD patients (mixed dementia), and 56 normal controls.

Prognosis of Patients with Behavioral Variant Frontotemporal Dementia Who have Focal Versus Diffuse Frontal Atrophy.

Background And Purpose: Only a few studies have investigated the relationship between different subtypes and disease progression or prognosis in patients with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD). Since a localized injury often produces more focal signs than a diffuse injury, we hypothesized that the clinical characteristics differ between patients with bvFTD who show diffuse frontal lobe atrophy (D-type) on axial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans versus those with focal or circumscribed frontal lobe atrophy (F-type).

Methods: In total, 94 MRI scans (74 scans from bvFTD and 20 scans from age-matched normal controls) were classified into 35 D- and 39 F-type bvFTD cases based on an axial MRI visual rating scale.

Protective effects of APOE e2 against disease progression in subcortical vascular mild cognitive impairment patients: A three-year longitudinal study.

Although the association between apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype and disease progression is well characterized in patients with Alzheimer's disease, such a relationship is unknown in patients with subcortical vascular cognitive impairment. We evaluated whether APOE genotype is associated with disease progression in subcortical vascular mild cognitive impairment (svMCI) patients. We prospectively recruited 72 svMCI patients (19 APOE4 carriers, 42 APOE3 homozygotes, and 11 APOE2 carriers).

18F-AV-1451 PET Imaging in Three Patients with Probable Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy.

Cerebrovascular deposition of amyloid-β, known as cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), is associated with MRI findings of lobar hemorrhage, cerebral microbleeds, and cortical superficial siderosis. Although pathological studies suggest that tau may co-localize with vascular amyloid, this has not yet been investigated in CAA in vivo. Three patients with probable CAA underwent 11C-Pittsburgh Compound B (PiB) PET or 18F-florbetaben PET to evaluate amyloid burden, and 18F-AV-1451 PET to evaluate paired helical filament tau burden.

Coronary artery calcium is associated with cortical thinning in cognitively normal individuals.

To evaluate the association between coronary artery calcium (CAC) and cortical thickness in a large sample of cognitively normal individuals, with special emphasis in determining if the association thickness has regional brain specificity and if it is mediated by white matter hyperintensities (WMH). A total of 512 participants were included in this study. CAC scores were assessed by multi-detector computed tomography.

Classifying anatomical subtypes of subjective memory impairment.

We aimed to categorize subjective memory impairment (SMI) individuals based on their patterns of cortical thickness and to propose simple models that can classify each subtype. We recruited 613 SMI individuals and 613 age- and gender-matched normal controls. Using hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis, SMI individuals were divided into 3 subtypes: temporal atrophy (12.

A Dextral Primary Progressive Aphasia Patient with Right Dominant Hypometabolism and Tau Accumulation and Left Dominant Amyloid Accumulation.

Background: Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) is a degenerative disease that presents as progressive decline of language ability with preservation of other cognitive functions in the early stages. Three subtypes of PPA are known: progressive nonfluent aphasia, semantic dementia, and logopenic aphasia (LPA).

Patients And Methods: We report the case of a 77-year-old patient with PPA whose clinical findings did not correspond to the three subtypes but mainly fit LPA.