Prevalence of Mutation in Follicular Variant of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma and Non-Invasive Follicular Tumor with Papillary-Like Nuclear Features (NIFTP) in a Prevalent Area.

Background: mutation status and prevalence of non-invasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP) has not yet been reported in Korea. The aim of this study was to investigate the significance of the mutation in the follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (FVPTC) and to determine the prevalence of NIFTP in mutation-prevalent Korean patients.

Methods: This study retrospectively analyzed 1,417 consecutive patients who underwent total thyroidectomy with routine prophylactic central lymph node dissection for papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).

A Case of Inverted Papilloma of The Mastoid Cavity After Cholesteatoma Surgery.

An inverted papilloma is a benign neoplasm that occurs exclusively in the sinonasal cavity; an inverted papilloma involving the mastoid cavity is extremely rare. We present the case of a patient with an inverted papilloma of the mastoid cavity secondary to cholesteatoma surgery. No case that occurred after acquired cholesteatoma has been reported in literature.

Pheochromocytoma as a rare cause of hypertension in a 46 X, i(X)(q10) turner syndrome: a case report and literature review.

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) presents the most serious health problems and contributes to the increased mortality in young women with Turner syndrome. Arterial hypertension in Turner syndrome patients is significantly more prevalent than that in a general age-matched control group. The aetiology of hypertension in Turner syndrome varies, even in the absence of cardiac anomalies and obvious structural renal abnormalities.

Primary Glomerulonephritis with Unique C4d Deposition and Concurrent Non-infectious Intermediate Uveitis: a Case Report and Literature Review.

C4 glomerulopathy is a recently introduced entity that presents with bright C4d staining and minimal or absent immunoglobulin and C3 staining. We report a case of a 62-year-old man with C4 glomerulonephritis (GN) and uveitis. He presented to the nephrology department with proteinuria and hematuria.

The significance of tumor budding in T1 colorectal carcinoma: the most reliable predictor of lymph node metastasis especially in endoscopically resected T1 colorectal carcinoma.

Endoscopic resection is widely recognized as a first-line treatment for T1 colorectal cancers (CRC), although additional surgical intervention may be indicated based on the risk of lymph node (LN) metastasis. However, risk factors for LN metastasis in T1 CRC not fully established. We investigated the clinicopathological features of T1 CRC and evaluated their association with lymph node metastasis in 133 cases of T1 CRC, consisting of 87 cases with first-line endoscopic resection (EMR) followed by additional surgery and 46 cases with primary surgical resection.

Regenerative potential of tonsil mesenchymal stem cells on surgical cutaneous defect.

As tissue engineering and regenerative medicine have evolved recently, stem cell therapy has been investigated in the field of impaired wound healing. Several studies have reported that mesenchymal stem cells derived from various tissues including bone marrow and adipose tissue can exert the regenerative efficacy in the wound healing. Previously, we have demonstrated the isolation and characterization of tonsil-derived mesenchymal stem cells (TMSCs) with excellent proliferative property.

Three cases of adrenocortical tumors mistaken for hepatocellular carcinomas/diagnostic pitfalls and differential diagnosis.

Adrenocortical adenomas and carcinomas in other parenchyma are extremely rare, with few cases reported and because of the rarity of these tumors, they occasionally cause problems during diagnosis. Adrenal cortical neoplasms in liver parenchyma can be present in 3 forms, including direct invasion or adhesion to liver parenchyma, tumors arising in adrenohepatic fusion tissue or in ectopic adrenal gland tissue. We report 3 cases of adrenal cortical tumors that were misdiagnosed as hepatocellular carcinoma in the preoperative state.

Occurrence of metachronous or synchronous lesions after endoscopic treatment of gastric epithelia dysplasia- impact of histologic features of background mucosa.

Aims: Endoscopic resection is a safe and effective method to treat gastric epithelia dysplasia (GED). However, the development of metachronous and synchronous lesions after treatment has become a major concern. In this study, we investigated clinicopathologic features of 105 GED lesions from endoscopic resections between January 2008 and December 2009.

Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in tumour cell and tumour infiltrating lymphocytes of HER2-positive breast cancer and its prognostic value.

Immunotherapy targeting PD-1/PD-L1 axis showed benefits in cancer. Prognostic significance of tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) has been determined. We evaluated PD-L1 protein expression in tumour cells and TILs, PD-L1 mRNA level and various histopathologic factors including TILs using 167 formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissues and 39 fresh tissue of HER2-positive breast cancer.

VEGFR2 but not VEGFR3 governs integrity and remodeling of thyroid angiofollicular unit in normal state and during goitrogenesis.

Thyroid gland vasculature has a distinguishable characteristic of endothelial fenestrae, a critical component for proper molecular transport. However, the signaling pathway that critically governs the maintenance of thyroid vascular integrity, including endothelial fenestrae, is poorly understood. Here, we found profound and distinct expression of follicular epithelial VEGF-A and vascular VEGFR2 that were precisely regulated by circulating thyrotropin, while there were no meaningful expression of angiopoietin-Tie2 system in the thyroid gland.

Combination of immunohistochemistry, FISH and RT-PCR shows high incidence of Xp11 translocation RCC: comparison of three different diagnostic methods.

We evaluated the frequency of translocation renal cell carcinoma (RCC) by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and how well the TFE3 immunoreactivity is concordant with TFE3 gene translocation status proved by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay and RT-PCR. TFE3 and Cathepsin K expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in 185 RCC cases, and 48 cases either of more than weak expression of TFE3 or of positivity for Cathepsin K were done for FISH analysis and RT-PCR. All the RT-PCR positive cases were confirmed by cloning and sequencing.

IDH1 R132C mutation is detected in clear cell hepatocellular carcinoma by pyrosequencing.

Background: Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) mutation is common in low-grade glioma (approximately 80%) and acute myeloid leukemia (approximately 10%). Other than brain tumor or hematologic malignancies, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCC) is a well-known solid tumor with IDH1 mutation (6.8-20%).

Endoscopic submucosal dissection for papillary adenocarcinoma of the stomach: is it really safe?

Background: Papillary adenocarcinoma of the stomach has been treated according to the same endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) indication criteria as other differentiated-type adenocarcinomas. We aimed to compare lymph node metastasis (LNM) in patients with early gastric cancer (EGC) with papillary adenocarcinoma (EGC-P) with that in patients with EGC with nonpapillary adenocarcinoma (EGC-NP) and to consider the potential limitation of current ESD indication criteria in the treatment of EGC-P.

Methods: In total, 1583 patients who underwent gastrectomy for EGC from 2005 to 2014 were included.

Expression of Myxovirus Resistance A (MxA) Is Associated with Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2)-Positive Breast Cancers.

Purpose: The prognostic significance of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) has been determined in breast cancers. Interferons can affect T-cell activity through direct and indirect mechanisms. Myxovirus resistance A (MxA) is an excellent marker of interferon activity.

Yes associated protein is a poor prognostic factor in well-differentiated lung adenocarcinoma.

The Hippo pathway is a highly conserved potent regulator of cell growth and apoptosis including large tumor suppressor (LATS) and Yes-associated protein (YAP). LATS has been regarded as a tumor suppressor gene and YAP as either of a tumor suppressor gene or an oncogene. We investigated their expression in lung adenocarcinoma.

Cardiac mucosa at the gastroesophageal junction: An Eastern perspective.

Aim: To investigate the nature and origin of cardiac mucosa (CM).

Methods: Biopsy samples from sixty-one individuals were included in this study. The specimens were taken "at", "just below", or "just above" the gastroesophageal junction, including the histologic squamocolumnar junction.

Histopathological features of the gastroesophageal junction: an Eastern view.

The definition and features of the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) and the histopathologic features of the cardiac mucosa remain controversial. Most reports originate from western countries, which have different prevalence of GEJ adenocarcinoma and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) compared to eastern countries. Therefore, we investigated GEJ anatomic and histopathologic features by histological mapping in 30 esophagogastrectomy specimens of middle and lower esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.