Clinical Significance of Gray to White Matter Ratio after Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Children.

Unlabelled: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) successfully restores systemic circulation approximately 50% of the time; however, many successfully restored patients have severe neurologic damage. In adults, the gray matter to white matter attenuation ratio (GWR) in brain computed tomography (CT) correlates with the neurologic outcome. However, in children, the clinical significance of GWR still remains unclear.

Influenza-associated Neurologic Complications in Hospitalized Pediatric Patients: A Multicenter Retrospective Study in Republic of Korea.

Background: The rates of influenza-associated neurologic complications are variable among studies, and a difference has been observed between the Western and Asian countries. The study aims to evaluate the frequency and characteristics of influenza-associated neurologic complications.

Methods: We performed a retrospective review of hospitalized cases of influenza infection from October 2010 to April 2017 from 3 referral hospitals.

Incidence and characteristics of norovirus-associated benign convulsions with mild gastroenteritis, in comparison with rotavirus ones.

Background And Purpose: Rotavirus was detected in 40-50% of patients with benign convulsions with mild gastroenteritis (CwG) before the rotavirus vaccine was introduced in late 2000. However, the rate of rotavirus positivity has decreased since 2010 while the prevalence of norovirus has gradually increased. We investigated the incidence of norovirus-associated CwG during a recent 3-year period and additionally compared the characteristics of norovirus-associated CwG with those of rotavirus-associated CwG.

A Mild Form of COG5 Defect Showing Early-Childhood-Onset Friedreich's-Ataxia-Like Phenotypes with Isolated Cerebellar Atrophy.

Progressive cerebellar ataxias are rare diseases during childhood, especially under 6 years of age. In a single family, three affected siblings exhibited Friedreich's-ataxia-like phenotypes before 2 years of age. They had progressive cerebellar atrophy, intellectual disability, and scoliosis.

A novel PIGA mutation in a family with X-linked, early-onset epileptic encephalopathy.

Early-onset epileptic encephalopathies (EOEEs) are severe and intractable infantile-onset epilepsies with progressive intellectual disability and other associated neurologic comorbidities. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was recently used to determine the causative gene mutations in individuals with unclassified EOEEs. The present study used WES to determine the causative variant in a family with X-linked, EOEE.

The relationship between medical students' epistemological beliefs and achievement on a clinical performance examination.

Purpose: This study was to explore the relationship between clinical performance examination (CPX) achievement and epistemological beliefs to investigate the potentials of epistemological beliefs in ill-structured medical problem solving tasks.

Methods: We administered the epistemological beliefs questionnaire (EBQ) to fourth-year medical students and correlated the results with their CPX scores. The EBQ comprised 61 items reflecting five belief systems: certainty of knowledge, source of knowledge, rigidity of learning, ability to learn, and speed of knowledge acquisition.

Familial pachygyria in both genders related to a DCX mutation.

Doublecortin (DCX) and tubulin play critical roles in neuronal migration. DCX mutations usually cause anterior dominant lissencephaly in males and subcortical band heterotopia (SBH) in females. We used whole-exome sequencing to investigate causative gene variants in a large family with late-childhood-onset focal epilepsy and anterior dominant pachygyria without SBH in both genders.

Mentoring experience and its effects on medical interns.

Introduction: Effective mentoring helps interns in the early stages of their medical career to reach personal and professional goals. This study investigated the mentoring experience of Korean interns during medical internship and evaluated mentoring effects to facilitate the development of future mentoring programmes.

Methods: Participants were interns being trained at Chonnam National University Hospital, South Korea, in 2011.

Incidence of benign convulsions with mild gastroenteritis after introduction of rotavirus vaccine.

Background And Purpose: Rotavirus was the most common virus in benign convulsions with mild gastroenteritis (CwG), with an incidence of 40-50%. As rotavirus gastroenteritis has decreased since introduction of rotavirus vaccine, we investigated the incidence of CwG and rotavirus positivity after introduction of the vaccine.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 987 patients aged between 3months and 3years who were admitted to the Chonnam National University Hospital between March 2005 and February 2014 due to their first seizures and enrolled 102 patients with CwG.

Characteristics of brain magnetic resonance images at symptom onset in children with moyamoya disease.

Objectives: To clarify the characteristics of brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) at symptom onset in patients with childhood moyamoya disease (MD) according to developmental stage.

Methods: In 26 childhood MD patients who underwent brain MRI and MRA within 3 months from symptom onset, MRA scores and grades and MRI findings from symptomatic hemispheres were summarized according to developmental stage: infancy (0-1 years, three patients), toddlerhood/preschool age (2-5 years, nine patients), school age (6-10 years, seven patients), and adolescence (11-18 years, seven patients).

Results: Mean MRA score was 5.

Medical residents' job satisfaction and their related factors.

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate medical residents' job satisfaction and their related factors to improve the quality of residency program.

Methods: The study subjects were 159 medical residents being trained at Chonnam National University Hospital, South Korea, in 2011. The participants were asked to complete a short form Minnesota satisfaction questionnaire (MSQ).

Mutation Screening of the γ-Aminobutyric Acid Type-A Receptor Subunit γ2 Gene in Korean Patients with Childhood Absence Epilepsy.

Background And Purpose: Since the γ-aminobutyric acid type-A receptor subunit γ2 gene (GABRG2) mutation was discovered in an Australian family with childhood absence epilepsy (CAE) and febrile convulsions, a few screening studies for the GABRG2 mutation have been conducted in sporadic individuals with CAE from other ethnic groups. The aim of this study was to determine whether or not the previously reported genetic mutations and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of GABRG2 can be reproduced in sporadic Korean individuals with CAE, compared to healthy Korean individuals.

Methods: Thirty-five children with CAE in Chonnam National University Hospital and healthy controls (n=207) were enrolled, and the medical records of patients with CAE were reviewed.

Early clinical characteristics according to developmental stage in children with definite moyamoya disease.

The objective is to clarify the early clinical characteristics in childhood moyamoya disease (MD). Epidemiologic characteristics, symptoms and diagnostic rates were assessed in 64 children (0-18 years) with definite MD according to developmental stage: infancy (5; 0-1 years); toddlerhood/preschool age (22; 2-5 years); school age (29; 6-10 years); and adolescence (8; 11-18 years). The median ages at onset was 6.

Medical students' failure experiences and their related factors.

Purpose: A considerable number of medical students drop out due to low academic achievement, and these students have a high probability of repeated failure experiences. This study investigated the personal and academic problems of these students to help develop student support systems.

Methods: First-year (n=146) and second-year (n=119) medical students were asked to complete questionnaires.

Prevalence of primary immunodeficiency in Korea.

This study represents the first epidemiological study based on the national registry of primary immunodeficiencies (PID) in Korea. Patient data were collected from 23 major hospitals. A total of 152 patients with PID (under 19 yr of age), who were observed from 2001 to 2005, have been entered in this registry.

Advance organizers in a gross anatomy dissection course and their effects on academic achievement.

We presented two kinds of advance organizers (AOs), video clips and prosection, for a gross anatomy dissection course and compared their effects on academic achievement and student perception of the learning experience. In total, 141 students at Chonnam National University Medical School were randomly assigned to two groups: Group 1 (n = 70) was provided with video clips AO, whereas Group 2 (n = 71) was provided with prosection AO, the use of cadaveric specimens dissected by the course instructor. Student self-assessment scores regarding the learning objectives of upper limb anatomy improved significantly in both groups.

Neurologic adverse events following influenza A (H1N1) vaccinations in children.

Background: Since the monovalent pandemic influenza A (H1N1) vaccine was recommended worldwide in October 2009, there has been a shortage of pediatric clinical data for post-vaccine neurologic adverse events (NAE), including Guillain-Barré syndrome. We reviewed pediatric NAE data following H1N1 vaccinations and for patients with peripheral neuropathy, we followed their progress.

Methods: In our single-center study, we retrospectively reviewed 14 cases of children who visited the Division of Pediatric Neurology in the Department of Pediatrics of Chonnam National University Hospital due to NAE following monovalent influenza A (H1N1) vaccination between November 2009 and March 2010.

Clinical progress of epilepsy in children with tuberous sclerosis: prognostic factors for seizure outcome.

The incidence and outcome of epilepsy in tuberous sclerosis (TS) patients have not yet been thoroughly investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical features and prognosis of epileptic seizures associated with TS. The medical records of 29 patients who satisfied the diagnostic criteria for TS and were followed up for at least 2 years at the Department of Pediatrics, Chonnam National University Hospital (CNUH), between January 2000 and December 2010 were reviewed.

Stem cell dynamics in an experimental model of stroke.

We investigated the migration of endogenous neural stem cells (NSCs) toward an infarct lesion in a photo-thrombotic stroke model. The lesions produced by using rose bengal dye (20 mg/kg) with cold light in the motor cortex of Sprague-Dawley rats were also evaluated with sequential magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) from 30 minutes through 8 weeks. Migration of NSCs was identified by immunohistochemistry for nestin monoclonal antibody in the lesion cortex, subventricular zone (SVZ), and corpus callosum (CC).

Reference values for serum levels of insulin-like growth factor-I and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 in Korean children and adolescents.

Objective: Measurements of serum insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) are utilized in the diagnostic work-up and clinical management of children with growth disorders. We designed this study to establish the reference values of serum IGF-I and IGFBP-3 levels according to age, sex and pubertal stage in Korean children and adolescents.

Methods: For the study, 1378 healthy Korean children and adolescents aged 0 to 17 years (722 boys, 656 girls) were randomly selected.

A sclerosing stromal tumor of the ovary with masculinization in a premenarchal girl.

A sclerosing stromal tumor of the ovary is an extremely rare benign tumor; it usually is found during the second and third decades of life. Patients present with pelvic pain or a palpable abdominal mass. Hormonal effects such as masculinization are uncommon.