Orthodontic treatment of an open bite after splint therapy for a patient with idiopathic condylar resorption.

In the treatment of orthodontic patients with idiopathic condylar resorption, symptoms of temporomandibular joint disorders and constantly changing occlusions caused by an instability of mandibular position make it difficult for orthodontists to confirm definitive orthodontic diagnosis and treatment plans. Therefore, these patients' temporomandibular joint (TMJ) structures need to be stabilized with splint therapy before active tooth movement to identify and maintain the true mandibular position. For some idiopathic condylar resorption patients, orthognathic surgery can cause further resorption on the vulnerable condyles of the mandible; thus, effective orthodontic camouflage treatment after joint stabilization should be considered.

Genetic effect of single nucleotide polymorphisms in growth hormone receptor gene on the risk of non-syndromic mandibular prognathism in the Korean population.

Objectives: To evaluate the association of three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of growth hormone receptor (GHR) gene with mandibular prognathism (MP) and relationships between mandibular morphology and GHR gene SNPs in the Korean population.

Materials And Methods: A total of 325 subjects were divided into two groups based on sagittal maxillomandibular relationship by the lateral cephalography: the MP and control groups. From the SNPs in the GHR gene, three SNPs (rs6180, rs6182 and rs6184) were selected.

Effect of extraction treatment on upper airway dimensions in patients with bimaxillary skeletal protrusion relative to their vertical skeletal pattern.

Objective: To investigate dimensional changes in regional pharyngeal airway spaces after premolar extraction in bimaxillary skeletal protrusion (BSP) patients according to vertical skeletal pattern, and to further identify dentoskeletal risk factors to predict posttreatment pharyngeal changes.

Methods: Fifty-five adults showing BSP treated with microimplant anchorage after four premolar extractions were included in this retrospective study. The subjects were divided into two groups according to the mandibular plane steepness: hyperdivergent (Frankfort horizontal plane to mandibular plane [FH-MP] ≥ 30) and nonhyperdivergent groups (FH-MP < 30).

Palatal temporary skeletal anchorage devices (TSADs): What to know and how to do?

Objectives: Since palatal temporary skeletal anchorage devices (TSADs) have become important tools for orthodontic treatment, this narrative review was aimed to provide an updated and integrated guidelines for the clinical application of palatal TSADs.

Setting And Sample Population: A narrative review article including researches on palatal TSADs in orthodontics related to anatomy, success rate and clinical application.

Materials And Methods: The anatomical characteristics, success rate and its consideration factors and clinical application of palatal TSADs based on the direction of tooth movement were evaluated.

Clustering-based characterization of clinical phenotypes in obstructive sleep apnoea using severity, obesity, and craniofacial pattern.

Objectives: To identify and characterize the phenotypes of adult obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) patients based on clustering using OSA severity, obesity, and craniofacial pattern.

Material And Methods: The samples consisted of 89 adult OSA patients whose polysomnography and lateral cephalogram were available. With cluster analysis using apneahypopnea index (AHI, events/hour), body mass index (BMI, kg/m2), ANB (degree), and mandibular plane angle (MPA, degree), three clusters were identified.

Three-dimensional alteration of constricted alveolar ridge affected by root thrusting with and without open-flap decortication.

Objective: To investigate the morphometric and histological alterations of the constricted alveolar ridge when affected by root thrusting with and without open-flap decortication.

Materials And Methods: Eight beagles were divided into three groups: C, control without root thrusting; R, root thrusting only; RD, root thrusting with alveolar decortication. The ridge constriction model was prepared in 16 mandibular quadrants after extraction of the third premolars.

Morphological investigation of various orthodontic lingual bracket slots using scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy.

Various labial and lingual orthodontic appliances with aesthetic materials have been developed due to an increased demand in aesthetic orthodontic treatment. However, there are few reports regarding the morphology of lingual orthodontic appliances. Therefore, this study evaluates the roughness of slot surfaces of various orthodontic lingual brackets using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM).

Three-dimensional Analysis of Normal Facial Morphologies of Asians and Whites: A Novel Method of Quantitative Analysis.

Unlabelled: The purpose of this study is to compare 3-dimensional facial averages of Asians (Koreans and Chinese) and Houstonian white faces using a (3-dimensional) surface imaging system.

Methods: Three-dimensional images of Korean adults (Seoul, Korea) with class I malocclusion captured using the 3dMDface. The images of 138 Koreans were processed to generate average male and female facial shells using Rapidform 2006 plus pack 2 software and then superimposed and compared with the average shells of Chinese adults (Xi' An, China) and white adults (Houston, Tex.

Morphologic evaluation of dentoalveolar structures of mandibular anterior teeth during augmented corticotomy-assisted decompensation.

Introduction: Our aim in this study was to evaluate the effect of augmented corticotomy on the decompensation pattern of mandibular anterior teeth, alveolar bone, and surrounding periodontal tissues during presurgical orthodontic treatment.

Methods: Thirty skeletal Class III adult patients were divided into 2 groups according to the application of augmented corticotomy labial to the anterior mandibular roots: experimental group (with augmented corticotomy, n = 15) and control group (without augmented corticotomy, n = 15). Lateral cephalograms and cone-beam computed tomography images were taken before orthodontic treatment and before surgery.

Corticision: A Flapless Procedure to Accelerate Tooth Movement.

Orthodontic tooth movement results from applied forces to the teeth evoking cellular responses in the teeth and their surrounding tissues, including the periodontal ligament, alveolar bone and gingiva. It is advantageous for the orthodontist to be well informed of the detailed process of the biological events that unfold during tooth movement, since some of these details may differ from one person to another due to biological differences such as periodontal metabolism or alveolar bone density. This led us to emphasize that orthodontics is a field of endeavor where the integration of mechanics and biology is materialized, and to affirm the fact that tooth movement is conducted in individual human beings, each composed of a unique and intricate physiological system.

In vitro sliding-driven morphological changes in representative esthetic NiTi archwire surfaces.

Objectives: This study investigated the effects of sliding on the ultrastructure of three representative esthetic superelastic 0.014 inch nickel-titanium (NiTi) archwires.

Methods: Atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and light microscopy were used to estimate the surface roughness of archwires and bracket systems.

Accuracy and precision of integumental linear dimensions in a three-dimensional facial imaging system.

Objective: A recently developed facial scanning method uses three-dimensional (3D) surface imaging with a light-emitting diode. Such scanning enables surface data to be captured in high-resolution color and at relatively fast speeds. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy and precision of 3D images obtained using the Morpheus 3D® scanner (Morpheus Co.

Correlation between frictional force and surface roughness of orthodontic archwires.

Lateral force microscopy measures the lateral bending of the cantilever depending on the frictional force acting between the tip and surface. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the relationship between the surface roughness and frictional resistance of four archwire and bracket combinations consisting of the 0.016-inch NiTi and 0.

Effect of self-ligating bracket type and vibration on frictional force and stick-slip phenomenon in diverse tooth displacement conditions: an in vitro mechanical analysis.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of self-ligating bracket (SLB) type and vibration on frictional force and stick-slip phenomenon (SSP) in diverse tooth displacement conditions when a levelling/alignment wire was drawn.

Materials And Methods: A total of 16 groups were tested (n = 10/group): Two types of SLBs [active SLB (ASLB, In-Ovation R) and passive SLB (PSLB, Damon Q)]; vibration (30 Hz and 0.25 N) and non-vibration conditions; and 4 types of displacement [2mm lingual displacement of the maxillary right lateral incisor (LD), 2mm gingival displacement of the maxillary right canine (GD), combination of LD and GD (LGD), and control].

Biochemical characterization of human gingival crevicular fluid during orthodontic tooth movement using Raman spectroscopy.

This study used Raman spectroscopy to report the first human gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) biochemical characterization during the early phase of orthodontic tooth movement. This technique allows for label-free and noninvasive biochemical change monitoring in GCF during orthodontic tooth movement. Ten orthodontic patients (20.

Effect of tooth displacement and vibration on frictional force and stick-slip phenomenon in conventional brackets: a preliminary in vitro mechanical analysis.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of tooth displacement and vibration on frictional force and stick-slip phenomenon (SSP) when conventional brackets were used with a levelling/alignment wire.

Materials And Methods: The samples consisted of six groups (n = 10 per group) with combinations of tooth displacement (2mm lingual displacement [LD], 2mm gingival displacement [GD], and no displacement [control]) and vibration conditions (absence and presence at 30 Hz and 0.25 N).

Antero-posterior lingual sliding retraction system for orthodontic correction of hyperdivergent Class II protrusion.

Background: This report introduces a lingual bonded retraction system (Kinematics of Lingual Bar on Non-Paralleling Technique, KILBON) for efficient sliding mechanics combined with vertical control of the anterior and posterior teeth, which is suitable for Class II hyperdivergent patients.

Methods: Design and biomechanics of the KILBON System were described. Two adults with hyperdivergent class II malocclusion were treated with the KILBON system and temporary skeletal anchorage devices (TSADs) on the palate.

Timing of force application affects the rate of tooth movement into surgical alveolar defects with grafts in beagles.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of the timing of orthodontic force application on the rates of orthodontic tooth movement into surgical alveolar defects with bone grafts in beagle dogs.

Methods: Twelve beagles were randomly divided into 2 groups according to the surgical procedure: alveolar osteotomy alone (control) or osteotomy with bone graft (experimental group). The maxillary second premolars were protracted for 6 weeks into the surgical sites: immediately, at 2 weeks, and at 12 weeks after surgery.

Association of annexin A5 polymorphisms with obesity.

Annexin A5 (ANXA5), which is known as a protein with anticoagulative function, may play a role in triglyceride biosynthesis. Triglycerides are involved in lipid and energy metabolism, which are important in the elucidation of obesity. To investigate the association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of and obesity in a Korean population, 372 participants (213 overweight/obese individuals and 159 control subjects) were enrolled from the Kyung Hee University Medical Center and Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center.

Measurement of three-dimensional perioral soft tissue changes in dentoalveolar protrusion patients after orthodontic treatment using a structured light scanner.

Objective: To evaluate the three-dimensional (3D) perioral soft tissue changes after orthodontic treatment in patients with dentoalveolar protrusion using structured light-based scanners.

Materials And Methods: Forty-four Korean adults (19 men and 25 women, 21.4 ± 3.

Assessment of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α levels in the gingival tissue of patients with periodontitis.

In periodontal diseases, inflammatory mediators, including interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), may promote the degeneration of inflamed periodontal tissues. In previous studies, levels of these three cytokines were demonstrated to be elevated in inflammatory gingival tissues and gingival crevicular fluid. The aim of the present study was to quantify IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α levels in the human gingival tissues of patients with periodontitis and to assess the correlation of these three cytokines with each other.

Effect of piezopuncture on tooth movement and bone remodeling in dogs.

Introduction: The aim of the study was to elucidate whether a newly developed, minimally invasive procedure, piezopuncture, would be a logical modification for accelerating tooth movement in the maxilla and the mandible.

Methods: Ten beagle dogs were divided into 2 groups. Traditional orthodontic tooth movement was performed in the control group.

Correlation of expression and activity of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and -2 in human gingival cells of periodontitis patients.

Purpose: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are capable of degrading extracellular matrix, and they are inducible enzymes depending on an inflammatory environment such as periodontitis and bacterial infection in periodontal tissue. Gingival inflammation has been postulated to be correlated with the production of MMP-2 and MMP-9. The objective of this study was to quantify the expression and activity of MMP-9 and -2, and to determine the correlation between activity and expression of these MMPs in human gingival tissues with periodontitis.

Compressive stress induced the up-regulation of M-CSF, RANKL, TNF-α expression and the down-regulation of OPG expression in PDL cells via the integrin-FAK pathway.

Objectives: This study was performed to elucidate the involvement of integrin-FAK (focal adhesion kinase) pathway in compressive stress-induced mRNA expression of macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF), tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, receptor activator of nuclear factor κB (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) and to further confirm the role of the integrin-FAK complex as a mechanoreceptor in PDL cells.

Design: Periodontal ligament (PDL) cells were obtained from patients having healthy first premolars extracted for orthodontic purposes. Cultured PDL cells were divided into three groups: the control group in which compressive stress was administered; the negative control group in which mechanical stress was administered after transfection of negative control siRNA; and FAK knockdown group in which mechanical stress was administered after FAK siRNA treatment.