Correction: The association between the risk perceptions of COVID-19, trust in the government, political ideologies, and socio-demographic factors: A year-long cross-sectional study in South Korea.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

ETV2 transcriptionally activates Rig1 gene expression and promotes reprogramming of the endothelial lineage.

ETV2 is an essential transcription factor as Etv2 null murine embryos lack all vasculature, blood and are lethal early during embryogenesis. Previous studies have established that ETV2 functions as a pioneer factor and directly reprograms fibroblasts to endothelial cells. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms regulating this reprogramming process remain incompletely defined.

Smoking Cessation and Risk of Hidradenitis Suppurativa Development.

Importance: Although tobacco smoking is established as a risk factor for hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), studies on the effects of smoking cessation on HS are limited, and evidence is lacking.

Objective: To examine the association between changes in smoking status and the development of HS.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This population-based cohort study enrolled participants from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database who had undergone 2 consecutive biennial health examinations (2004-2005 and 2006-2007) as the primary cohort.

Effect of smoking cessation on psoriasis vulgaris, palmoplantar pustulosis and generalized pustular psoriasis.

Background: Smoking is a known risk factor for psoriasis; however, the impact of smoking cessation on psoriasis has seldom been evaluated.

Objectives: We aimed to examine the effects of smoking cessation on the development of psoriasis vulgaris (PsV), palmoplantar pustulosis (PPP) and generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP).

Methods: Using the Korean National Health Insurance Service database, we retrospectively compiled a cohort of 5 784 973 participants without psoriasis, analysed their changes in smoking status from 2004 to 2007 and followed up new cases of psoriasis until 2021.

Astaxanthin and meclizine extend lifespan in UM-HET3 male mice; fisetin, SG1002 (hydrogen sulfide donor), dimethyl fumarate, mycophenolic acid, and 4-phenylbutyrate do not significantly affect lifespan in either sex at the doses and schedules used.

In genetically heterogeneous (UM-HET3) mice produced by the CByB6F1 × C3D2F1 cross, the Nrf2 activator astaxanthin (Asta) extended the median male lifespan by 12% (p = 0.003, log-rank test), while meclizine (Mec), an mTORC1 inhibitor, extended the male lifespan by 8% (p = 0.03).

A Comprehensive Landscape of Malignancy After Double Lung Transplantation.

Although the association between post-transplant malignancy (PTM) and immunosuppressive therapy after organ transplantation has been studied, an integrated review of PTM after lung transplantation is lacking. We investigated the incidence and types of PTM and its impact on survival following double lung transplantation (DLT). The incidence and type of PTM as well as the annual and cumulative risks of each malignancy after DLT were analyzed.

The association between the risk perceptions of COVID-19, trust in the government, political ideologies, and socio-demographic factors: A year-long cross-sectional study in South Korea.

Risk perception research, targeting the general public, necessitates the study of the multi-faceted aspects of perceived risk through a holistic approach. This study aimed to investigate the association between the two dimensions of risk perception of COVID-19, i.e.

Intraparenchymal metastases as a cause for local recurrence of pancreatic cancer.

Using CODA, a technique for three-dimensional reconstruction of large tissues, Kiemen et al. report observation of a microscopic focus of pancreatic cancer found in the vasculature of grossly normal human pancreas tissue resected adjacent to a large tumour. They use TP53 and SMAD4 staining to relate the small focus to the primary tumour.

Identifying patients with deteriorating generalized pustular psoriasis: Development of a prediction model.

Generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) is a life-threatening condition; however, little is known about the factors that can predict GPP patients manifesting a deteriorating course. To investigate the demographics and clinical features of adult inpatient GPP and propose a prediction model for detecting fatal GPP (fGPP) and GPP requiring intensive care unit admission (iGPP) patients, a nationwide population-based retrospective cohort study was conducted. The adult inpatients with GPP from January 2007 to December 2020 were assessed.

Mechanical tension mobilizes Lgr6 epidermal stem cells to drive skin growth.

Uniquely among mammalian organs, skin is capable of marked size change in adults, yet the mechanisms underlying this notable capacity are unclear. Here, we use a system of controlled tissue expansion in mice to uncover cellular and molecular determinants of skin growth. Through machine learning-guided three-dimensional tissue reconstruction, we capture morphometric changes in growing skin.

The association between immunosuppressants use and COVID-19 adverse outcomes: national COVID-19 cohort in South Korea.

Background: There is uncertainty of the effect of immunosuppression, including corticosteroids, before COVID-19 infection on COVID-19 outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between prehospitalization immunosuppressants use (exposure) and COVID-19 patient outcomes.

Methods: We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study using a nationwide healthcare claims database of South Korea as of May 15, 2020.

The association between statin and COVID-19 adverse outcomes: national COVID-19 cohort in South Korea.

Background: There currently exist limited and conflicting clinical data on the use of statins in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. The aim of this paper was to compare hospitalized patients with COVID-19 who did and did not receive statins.

Methods: We performed a population-based retrospective cohort study using South Korea's nationwide healthcare claim database.

The prognostic role of anticoagulants in COVID-19 patients: national COVID-19 cohort in South Korea.

Background: There currently exists a paucity of data on whether pre-admission anticoagulants use may have benefits among COVID-19 patients by preventing COVID-19 associated thromboembolism. The aim of this study was to assess the association between pre-admission anticoagulants use and COVID-19 adverse outcomes.

Methods: We conducted a population-based cohort studying using the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA) claims data released by the South Korean government.

Estimation and inference on high-dimensional individualized treatment rule in observational data using split-and-pooled de-correlated score.

With the increasing adoption of electronic health records, there is an increasing interest in developing individualized treatment rules, which recommend treatments according to patients' characteristics, from large observational data. However, there is a lack of valid inference procedures for such rules developed from this type of data in the presence of high-dimensional covariates. In this work, we develop a penalized doubly robust method to estimate the optimal individualized treatment rule from high-dimensional data.

Colchicine use in patients with COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Colchicine may inhibit inflammasome signaling and reduce proinflammatory cytokines, a purported mechanism of COVID-19 pneumonia. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to report on the state of the current literature on the use of colchicine in COVID-19 and to investigate the reported clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients by colchicine usage.

Methods: The literature was searched from January 2019 through January 28, 2021.

The protective association between statins use and adverse outcomes among COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Statins may reduce a cytokine storm, which has been hypothesized as a possible mechanism of severe COVID-19 pneumonia. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to report on adverse outcomes among COVID-19 patients by statin usage.

Methods: Literatures were searched from January 2019 to December 2020 to identify studies that reported the association between statin usage and adverse outcomes, including mortality, ICU admissions, and mechanical ventilation.

Simultaneous spatial smoothing and outlier detection using penalized regression, with application to childhood obesity surveillance from electronic health records.

Electronic health records (EHRs) have become a platform for data-driven granular-level surveillance in recent years. In this paper, we make use of EHRs for early prevention of childhood obesity. The proposed method simultaneously provides smooth disease mapping and outlier information for obesity prevalence that are useful for raising public awareness and facilitating targeted intervention.

Machine learning models based on the dimensionality reduction of standard automated perimetry data for glaucoma diagnosis.

Introduction: Visual field testing via standard automated perimetry (SAP) is a commonly used glaucoma diagnosis method. Applying machine learning techniques to the visual field test results, a valid clinical diagnosis of glaucoma solely based on the SAP data is provided. In order to reflect structural-functional patterns of glaucoma on the automated diagnostic models, we propose composite variables derived from anatomically grouped visual field clusters to improve the prediction performance.

A 1H NMR-based metabolomics approach to evaluate the geographical authenticity of herbal medicine and its application in building a model effectively assessing the mixing proportion of intentional admixtures: A case study of Panax ginseng: Metabolomics for the authenticity of herbal medicine.

Ginseng, the root of Panax ginseng has long been the subject of adulteration, especially regarding its origins. Here, 60 ginseng samples from Korea and China initially displayed similar genetic makeup when investigated by DNA-based technique with 23 chloroplast intergenic space regions. Hence, (1)H NMR-based metabolomics with orthogonal projections on the latent structure-discrimination analysis (OPLS-DA) were applied and successfully distinguished between samples from two countries using seven primary metabolites as discrimination markers.

Discrimination between genetically identical peony roots from different regions of origin based on 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy-based metabolomics: determination of the geographical origins and estimation of the mixing proportions of blended samples.

Sixty peony root training samples of the same age were collected from various regions in Korea and China, and their genetic diversity was investigated for 23 chloroplast intergenic space regions. All samples were genetically indistinguishable, indicating that the DNA-based techniques employed were not appropriate for determining the samples' regions of origin. In contrast, (1)H-nuclear magnetic resonance ((1)H-NMR) spectroscopy-based metabolomics coupled with multivariate statistical analysis revealed a clear difference between the metabolic profiles of the Korean and Chinese samples.

Comparison study of the instrumented circumferential fusion with instrumented anterior lumbar interbody fusion as a surgical procedure for adult low-grade isthmic spondylolisthesis.

Background: Instrumented circumferential fusion has been used as a primary and salvage procedure in lumbar spine fusion, especially for adult low-grade isthmic spondylolisthesis. Recently, instrumented anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) has been shown to provide good clinical and radiologic results that are comparable with those attained with traditional lumbar fusion. However, there have been no reports available that compare instrumented circumferential fusion with instrumented ALIF.

Surgical site infection in spinal surgery: detection and management based on serial C-reactive protein measurements.

Object: C-reactive protein (CRP) is a well-known sensitive laboratory parameter that shows an increase within 6 hours after the onset of bacterial infection. In relation to surgery, a normal CRP response is a rapid increase followed by a gradual reduction, eventually returning to the normal range. The goal of this study was to determine the diagnostic significance of CRP as a detector for early onset surgical site infection in spinal surgery and to discuss effective medical treatment through clinical interpretation and application of the measured CRP values.

Comparison of percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy and open lumbar microdiscectomy for recurrent disc herniation.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare clinical and radiological outcomes of percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD) and open lumbar microdiscectomy (OLM) for recurrent disc herniation.

Methods: Fifty-four patients, who underwent surgery, either PELD (25 patients) or repeated OLM (29 patients), due to recurrent disc herniation at L4-5 level, were divided into two groups according to the surgical methods. Excluded were patients with sequestrated disc, calcified disc, severe neurological deficit, or instability.