Application of Bloom's taxonomy to formative assessment in real-time online classes in Korea.

Purpose: This study aims to design that using formative assessment as an instructional strategy in real-time online classes, and to explore the application of Bloom's taxonomy in the development of formative assessment items.

Methods: We designed the instruction using formative assessment in real-time online classes, developed the items of formative assessment, analyzed the items statistically, and investigated students' perceptions of formative assessment through a survey.

Results: It is designed to consist of 2-3 learning outcomes per hour of class and to conduct the formative assessment with 1-2 items after the lecture for each learning outcome.

Association of specific gene mutations derived from machine learning with survival in lung adenocarcinoma.

Lung cancer is the second most common cancer in the United States and the leading cause of mortality in cancer patients. Biomarkers predicting survival of patients with lung cancer have a profound effect on patient prognosis and treatment. However, predictive biomarkers for survival and their relevance for lung cancer are not been well known yet.

Synergistic Anti-Cancer Effects of AKT and SRC Inhibition in Human Pancreatic Cancer Cells.

Purpose: To investigate the effect of combined inhibition of protein kinase B (AKT) and SRC on the growth and metastatic potential of human pancreatic cancer cells.

Materials And Methods: AKT and SRC were inhibited using 10-DEBC and PP2, respectively. The expression of their messenger RNAs were down-regulated by specific small interfering RNA (siRNA).

Activating P2X7 Receptors Increases Proliferation of Human Pancreatic Cancer Cells via ERK1/2 and JNK.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the activated P2X7 receptors on the proliferation and growth of human pancreatic cancer cells.

Methods: Proliferation was measured by incorporating bromodeoxyuridine into pancreatic cancer cells, MIA PaCa-2 and HPAC. Expression of P2 receptors and signal molecules was examined using quantitative reverse transcription/polymerase chain reaction and/or Western blot.

The inhibition of SRC family kinase suppresses pancreatic cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion.

Objectives: Src is considered a rising therapeutic target for the treatment of solid tumors, and Src family kinases (SFKs) participate in cancer cell proliferation and survival. The role of SFK suppression was investigated in the proliferation, migration, and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells.

Methods: Knockdown of the SFKs in pancreatic cancer cells was achieved by transfecting small interfering RNAs, and its effects were investigated using proliferation, wound, and invasion assays.

Polymorphisms of folate metabolism-related genes and survival of patients with colorectal cancer in the Korean population.

Background: 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a cornerstone of chemotherapy for colorectal cancer (CRC), and the major targets of 5-FU are thymidylate synthase (TS), methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), and reduced folate carrier 1 (RFC1). We hypothesized that polymorphisms in the genes encoding these proteins would be associated with CRC patient survival.

Patients And Methods: We genotyped the following polymorphisms in 372 CRC patients: TS enhancer region (TSER), TS 1494del6, MTHFR 677C>T and 1298A>C, and RFC1 -43T>C, 80G>A, and 696C>T.

Magnetic resonance imaging-guided focused ultrasound surgery for symptomatic uterine fibroids: estimation of treatment efficacy using thermal dose calculations.

Objective: To study the correlation between the predicted thermal dose volume (TDV) and the actual ablation volumes in MR-guided focused ultrasound surgery (MRgFUS) for symptomatic uterine fibroids, and to follow up the outcome for 12 months post-treatment.

Study Design: Phase-difference fast spoiled gradient-echo MR images were used to analyze thermal change during the energy deliveries of MRgFUS in 60 consecutive patients treated for symptomatic uterine fibroids. The TDV obtained through analysis of these MR images was compared with the non-perfused volume (NPV) measured on post-treatment contrast enhanced T1-weighted images.

Uridine triphosphate increases proliferation of human cancerous pancreatic duct epithelial cells by activating P2Y2 receptor.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of uridine triphosphate (UTP) on the proliferation of human cancerous pancreatic duct epithelial cells.

Methods: Proliferation was measured by immunoassay for bromodeoxyuridine incorporation into the pancreatic cell line PANC-1. Effect of UTP was assayed using selective P2 agonist and antagonist, small interfering RNA, intracellular signal inhibitors, and Western blot.

The Ratio of Descending Aortic Enhancement to Main Pulmonary Artery Enhancement Measured on Pulmonary CT Angiography as a Finding to Predict Poor Outcome in Patients with Massive or Submassive Pulmonary Embolism.

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether measuring the ratio of descending aortic enhancement (DAE) to main pulmonary artery enhancement (MPAE) on pulmonary computed tomography angiography (PCTA) can predict poor outcome in patients with acute massive or submassive pulmonary embolism (PE).

Methods: We retrospectively, reviewed computed tomgraphy findings and charts of 37 patients with acute PE and right ventricular dysfunction. We divided the enrolled patients into 3 groups; group Ia (n=8), comprised of patients with major adverse event (MAE); group Ib (n=5), consisted of those with PE-related MAE; and group II (n=29), those without MAE.

P2Y receptors regulate proliferation of human pancreatic duct epithelial cells.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of P2Y receptor activation on proliferation of human pancreatic duct epithelial cells.

Methods: Proliferation was measured by immunoassay for bromodeoxyuridine incorporation into a pancreatic duct epithelial cell line, PANC-1. Expression of P2Y receptors was examined using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot.

Comparison of image quality and radiation dose between combined automatic tube current modulation and fixed tube current technique in CT of abdomen and pelvis.

Background: Tube current is an important determinant of radiation dose and image quality in X-ray-based examination. The combined automatic tube current modulation technique (ATCM) enables automatic adjustment of the tube current in various planes (x-y and z) based on the size and attenuation of the body area scanned.

Purpose: To compare image quality and radiation dose of the ATCM with those of a fixed tube current technique (FTC) in CT of the abdomen and pelvis performed with a 16-slice multidetector row CT.

Proteomic identification of RREB1, PDE6B, and CD209 up-regulated in primitive gut tube differentiated from human embryonic stem cells.

Objectives: This study aimed to identify proteins important for the primitive gut tube differentiation from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) by derivation method for pancreatic cells.

Methods: Proteins with altered expression levels in the process of differentiating to primitive gut tube from definitive endoderm of hESCs were investigated by comparative proteomic analysis using 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometric analyses.

Results: Differentiation to primitive gut tube from hESCs was analyzed using differentiation marker genes and proteins.

Proteomic identification of overexpressed adenomatous polyposis coli and cyclin B3 during endoderm differentiation from human embryonic stem cells.

Objectives: This study was aimed to investigate important proteins associated with endoderm differentiation by pancreatic derivation protocol from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs).

Methods: Comparative proteomic analysis of endoderm cells differentiated from hESCs by activin A and low serum was performed. Proteins with altered expression levels during endoderm differentiation were investigated by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) with mass spectrometric analysis.