Pathways from economic hardship to couple conflict by socioeconomic status during COVID-19 in Korea.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the direct and indirect relationships among economic hardship, economic strain, emotional stress, and couple conflict for married Koreans during the COVID-19 pandemic. In particular, we investigated whether these pathways were different between lower and higher socioeconomic status (SES) groups.

Background: Due to the global economic downturn brought on by COVID-19, many couples experienced economic hardship including increased household debt, job loss, and reduced work hours.

The link between serum vitamin D level, sensitization to food allergens, and the severity of atopic dermatitis in infancy.

Objective: To investigate the association between serum vitamin D levels, sensitization to food allergens, and the severity of atopic dermatitis in infants.

Study Design: We investigated serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) and specific immunoglobulin E levels to common or suspected food allergens in 226 infants with atopic dermatitis or food allergy. The severity of atopic dermatitis by the Scoring Atopic Dermatitis index and amount of vitamin D intake was measured in subcohort children.

The effect of cardioplegic solution-induced sodium concentration fluctuation on postoperative seizure in pediatric cardiac patients.

Background: Despite potential benefits of histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate (HTK) solution as a cardioplegic solution, it can cause hyponatremia, especially in pediatric patients. Fluctuations in the sodium concentration during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) can adversely affect the central nervous system. We evaluated the relationship between the cardioplegic solution, the fluctuation of sodium concentration, and the incidence of postoperative seizure in pediatric cardiac patients.

Effect of chlorhexidine application methods on microtensile bond strength to dentin in Class I cavities.

Objective: To evaluate the influence of chlorhexidine with different application methods on the microtensile bond strength (microTBS) to dentin in Class I cavities.

Methods: Flat dentinal surfaces with Class I cavities (4 mm long, 4 mm wide, 2 mm deep) in 50 molars were bonded with Adper Single Bond 2 etch-and-rinse adhesive system after: 1) Chlorhexidine (CHX) + rinsing + etching; 2) CHX + no rinsing + etching; 3) Etching + CHX + rinsing; 4) Etching + CHX + no rinsing; 5) Etching only as a control group. Resin composite buildups were constructed with Z-350 (3M ESPE) using a bulk method and they were polymerized for 40 seconds.

Fabrication and gas sensing properties of hollow SnO2 hemispheres.

Close packed arrays of hollow SnO2 hemispheres were prepared using PMMA microspheres as sacrificial templates for subsequent sputter-deposition of SnO2 films, leading to a threefold enhancement in gas sensitivity compared to non-templated (flat) films.