High-resolution genetic map and SNP chip for molecular breeding in a tetraploid medicinal plant.

Ginseng () renowned as the king of medicinal plants. Ginseng grows slowly under shade conditions, requiring at least 4 years to produce a limited number of seeds. Molecular breeding of ginseng faces challenges due to its the tetraploid genome and the absence of an efficient molecular marker system.

Visual detection of biogenic monoamines based on amine oxidase-peroxidase coupling reaction using ascorbic acid as HO scavenger.

This study represents a visual detection for total biogenic monoamines with naked eye as a simple and rapid semi-quantitative method for biogenic amine monitoring. The equivalent reaction of HO with ascorbic acid resulted in color development by an amine oxidase-peroxidase coupling reaction in the samples containing the biogenic monoamines higher than the subjected ascorbic acid by 10 μM. Upon employing the commercial doenjang extracts as a model food, an additional heating step was requested, and the expected ranges for the biogenic monoamines from 360 to 480 μM covered the real contents of the samples (360.

Mass spectrometry-based ginsenoside profiling: Recent applications, limitations, and perspectives.

Ginseng, the roots of species, is an important medicinal herb used as a tonic. As ginsenosides are key bioactive components of ginseng, holistic chemical profiling of them has provided many insights into understanding ginseng. Mass spectrometry has been a major methodology for profiling, which has been applied to realize numerous goals in ginseng research, such as the discrimination of different species, geographical origins, and ages, and the monitoring of processing and biotransformation.

Efficient Somatic Embryogenesis, Regeneration and Acclimatization of Meyer: True-to-Type Conformity of Plantlets as Confirmed by ISSR Analysis.

Meyer grows in east Russia and Asia. There is a high demand for this crop due to its medicinal properties. However, its low reproductive efficiency has been a hindrance to the crop's widespread use.

Development of a colorimetric enzymatic assay method for aromatic biogenic monoamine-producing decarboxylases.

Unlabelled: Biogenic amines (BAs) produced by the action of bacterial amino acid decarboxylases in fermented foods cause various health problems in human. Despite the importance, detailed characterizations of the BA-producing decarboxylases are relatively less progressed than the studies on BA-producing bacteria, due to the time-consuming chromatography-based assay method. In this study, a simple and general colorimetric assay for aromatic amino acid decarboxylases coupled with an amine oxidase from (AMAO) and horseradish peroxidase was developed using a tyrosine decarboxylase from DSM20477 (EfmTDC) as a model enzyme.

Design of a native-like secreted form of the hepatitis C virus E1E2 heterodimer.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major worldwide health burden, and a preventive vaccine is needed for global control or eradication of this virus. A substantial hurdle to an effective HCV vaccine is the high variability of the virus, leading to immune escape. The E1E2 glycoprotein complex contains conserved epitopes and elicits neutralizing antibody responses, making it a primary target for HCV vaccine development.

Biochemical characterization and molecular docking analysis of novel esterases from Sphingobium chungbukense DJ77.

We identified three novel microbial esterase (Est1, Est2, and Est3) from Sphingobium chungbukense DJ77. Multiple sequence alignment showed the Est1 and Est3 have distinct motifs, such as tetrapeptide motif HGGG, a pentapeptide sequence motif GXSXG, and catalytic triad residues Ser-Asp-His, indicating that the identified enzymes belong to family IV esterases. Interestingly, Est1 exhibited strong activity toward classical esterase substrates, p-nitrophenyl ester of short-chain fatty acids and long-chain.

Genetic diversity among cultivated and wild populations revealed by high-resolution microsatellite markers.

Background: Ginseng ( Meyer) is one of the world's most valuable medicinal plants with numerous pharmacological effects. Ginseng has been cultivated from wild mountain ginseng collections for a few hundred years. However, the genetic diversity of cultivated and wild ginseng populations is not fully understood.

CYPminer: an automated cytochrome P450 identification, classification, and data analysis tool for genome data sets across kingdoms.

Background: Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (termed CYPs or P450s) are hemoproteins ubiquitously found across all kingdoms, playing a central role in intracellular metabolism, especially in metabolism of drugs and xenobiotics. The explosive growth of genome sequencing brings a new set of challenges and issues for researchers, such as a systematic investigation of CYPs across all kingdoms in terms of identification, classification, and pan-CYPome analyses. Such investigation requires an automated tool that can handle an enormous amount of sequencing data in a timely manner.

Comparative Analysis of Panax ginseng Berries from Seven Cultivars Using UPLC-QTOF/MS and NMR-Based Metabolic Profiling.

The commercial use of berries is increasing as berries are known to contain large amounts of ginsenosides, and many pharmacological activities have been reported for the various ginsenosides. For the proper use of berries, it is necessary to study efficient and accurate quality control and the profiling of the overall composition of each cultivar. Ginseng berry samples from seven cultivars (Eumseung, Chung-buk Province, Republic of Korea) were analyzed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF/MS) for profiling of the ginsenosides, and high-resolution magic-angle-spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (HR-MAS NMR) spectroscopy for profiling of the primary metabolites.

High frequency somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration of interspecific ginseng hybrid between and .

Background: Interspecific ginseng hybrid,  ×  () has vigorous growth and produces larger roots than its parents. However, F progenies are complete male sterile. Plant tissue culture technology can circumvent the issue and propagate the hybrid.

Identification of Viral Taxon-Specific Genes (VTSG): Application to Caliciviridae.

Virus taxonomy was initially determined by clinical experiments based on phenotype. However, with the development of sequence analysis methods, genotype-based classification was also applied. With the development of genome sequence analysis technology, there is an increasing demand for virus taxonomy to be extended from in vivo and in vitro to in silico.

The Genome-Based Virus Taxonomy with ICTV Database Extension.

In 1966, the International Classification of Viruses (ICNV) was established to standardize the naming of viruses. In 1975, the organization was renamed 'ICTV', by which it is still known today. The primary virus classification provided by ICTV in 1971 was for viruses infecting vertebrates, which includes 19 genera, 2 families, and a further 24 unclassified groups.

A new immunodeficient retinal dystrophic rat model for transplantation studies using human-derived cells.

Purpose: To create new immunodeficient Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) rats by introducing the defective MerTK gene into athymic nude rats.

Methods: Female homozygous RCS (RCS-p+/RCS-p+) and male nude rats (Hsd:RH-Foxn1, mutation in the foxn1 gene; no T cells) were crossed to produce heterozygous F1 progeny. Double homozygous F2 progeny obtained by crossing the F1 heterozygotes was identified phenotypically (hair loss) and genotypically (RCS-p+ gene determined by PCR).

Medial comminution as a risk factor for the stability after lateral-only pin fixation for pediatric supracondylar humerus fracture: an audit.

Background And Purpose: Closed reduction and lateral-only pin fixation is one of the common treatment methods for displaced supracondylar fracture in children. However, several risk factors related to the stability have been reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate the medial comminution as a potential risk factor related to the stability after appropriate lateral-only pin fixation for Gartland type III supracondylar humerus fracture.

Molecular Docking Analysis and Biochemical Evaluation of Levansucrase from Sphingobium chungbukense DJ77.

Bacterial exopolymer Levan (β-(2,6) polyfructan) synthesized by levansucrase has attracted interest for various applications due to its low intrinsic viscosity compared with other polysaccharides. We report a novel levansucrase (Lsc) isolated from Sphingobium chunbukense DJ77 and verify its biochemical characteristics by comparative analysis of molecular docking analysis (MOE) and catalytic residue analysis. The complete sequence of the Lsc encoding gene ( lsc) was cloned under the direction of the T7 promoter and purified in an Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) protein expression system.

Genome and evolution of the shade-requiring medicinal herb Panax ginseng.

Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer, reputed as the king of medicinal herbs, has slow growth, long generation time, low seed production and complicated genome structure that hamper its study.

Anterior Dislocation of the Radial Head Combined with Plastic Deformity of the Ulnar Shaft in an Adult: A Case Report.

A 25-year-old woman presented to the emergency room with a painful and swollen right forearm. She had just sustained an injury from an accident during which her arm was tightly wound by a rope as she was lowering a net from a fishing boat. Before being released, her arm was rigidly trapped in the rope for approximately ten minutes.

Genomic and Proteomic Evidences for Exopolysaccharide Biosynthesis in DJ77.

Sphingobium chungbukense DJ77 is a Gram-negative bacterium has metabolic capability of producing exopolysaccharide (EPS) as a potential reducing and stabilizing agent for metallic nanoparticle synthesis. In this study, we investigated the genomic and proteomic analysis to verify metabolic pathway and involved genes and enzymes related to EPS biosynthesis in S. chungbukense DJ77.

Comprehensive Profiling and Quantification of Ginsenosides in the Root, Stem, Leaf, and Berry of Panax ginseng by UPLC-QTOF/MS.

The effective production and usage of ginsenosides, given their distinct pharmacological effects, are receiving increasing amounts of attention. As the ginsenosides content differs in different parts of Panax ginseng, we wanted to assess and compare the ginsenosides content in the ginseng roots, leave, stems, and berries. To extract the ginsenosides, 70% (v/v) methanol was used.

Cytohistological study of the leaf structures of Meyer and L.

Background: Both Meyer and are obligate shade-loving plants whose natural habitats are broadleaved forests of Eastern Asia and North America. species are easily damaged by photoinhibition when they are exposed to high temperatures or insufficient shade. In this study, a cytohistological study of the leaf structures of two of the most well-known species was performed to better understand the physiological processes that limit photosynthesis.

Applications of molecular markers in the discrimination of species and Korean ginseng cultivars ().

The development of molecular markers is one of the most useful methods for molecular breeding and marker-based molecular associated selections. Even though there is less information on the reference genome, molecular markers are indispensable tools for determination of genetic variation and identification of species with high levels of accuracy and reproducibility. The demand for molecular approaches for marker-based breeding and genetic discriminations in species has greatly increased in recent times and has been successfully applied for various purposes.

Isoform Sequencing Provides a More Comprehensive View of the Panax ginseng Transcriptome.

Korean ginseng ( C.A. Meyer) has been widely used for medicinal purposes and contains potent plant secondary metabolites, including ginsenosides.