Endobronchial Metastasis of Renal Cancer Presented as Atelectasis.

The most common primary tumors associated with endobronchial metastasis (EBM) are colorectal, breast, and renal. When EBM is present, respiratory symptoms such as shortness of breath or hemoptysis accompanied by coughing usually appear. Herein, we report a case of atelectasis caused by EBM of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in a 53-year-old man who underwent laparoscopic radical nephrectomy for RCC 5 years ago.

The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species, Inflammation, and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response in the Finasteride Protective Effect against Benign Prostate Hyperplasia.

Purpose: Benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) is a common age-related chronic condition. Its pathogenesis involves androgen imbalance, inflammation, oxidative stress, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. This study aims to assess the protective effect of finasteride, a 5α-reductase inhibitor, against testosterone propionate (TP)-induced BPH in rats and explore its potential mechanism of action.

The prognostic value of the pretreatment serum albumin to globulin ratio for predicting adverse pathology in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer.

Purpose: Few studies have demonstrated the clinical significance of pretreatment serum albumin and globulin in prostate cancer (PCa). This study evaluated the association between the pretreatment albumin to globulin ratio (AGR) and clinicopathologic characteristics of nonmetastatic PCa in a large multicenter setting in Korea.

Materials And Methods: This study involved 742 patients with nonmetastatic PCa who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) in seven institutions between January 2011 and December 2012.

Effect of pre-operative internal obturator muscle mass index in MRI on biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer patients after radical prostatectomy: a multi-center study.

Background: Recent reports show that the pre-operative or post-operative skeletal mass index (sarcopenia) affects survival rates for various cancers; however, the link between prostate cancer survival and sarcopenia is unclear. Therefore, this study examined the effect of the pre-operative internal obturator muscle (IOM) mass index on biochemical recurrence (BCR) of prostate cancer (PCa) patients who underwent radical prostatectomy.

Methods: In total, 222 patients, who underwent open, laparoscopic, or robot-assisted radical prostatectomy at seven centers in 2011 and were followed up for 5 years, were enrolled.

Squamous cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis presenting as an integumentary neoplasm of the flank: A case report.

Rationale: Although chronic pyelonephritis and urolithiasis are established risk factors for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), only a minority of patients with chronic urolithiasis eventually develop SCC. It is believed that the chronic irritation leads to squamous cell metaplasia that may subsequently develop into SCC. Although studies show that SSC generally spreads locally with associated symptoms of lymphadenopathy, metastasis to the lungs and liver have also been reported.

Effect of preoperative urethral dilatation on preventing urethral stricture after holmium laser enucleation of the prostate: A randomized controlled study.

Introduction: We aimed to evaluate the effect of preoperative urethral dilatation during holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) on the prevention of urethral stricture.

Methods: A total of 72 patients without urethral stricture underwent HoLEP for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Recruited patients were randomly divided into two groups (groups A and B).

Early dutasteride monotherapy in men with detectable serum prostate-specific antigen levels following radical prostatectomy: A prospective trial.

Purpose: To investigate the effects of early administration of dutasteride in patients with detectable serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels after radical prostatectomy (RP).

Materials And Methods: A prospective open-label study, with a cumulative analysis of asymptomatic increase in PSA following RP, was conducted from January 2005 to December 2013. An early increase in PSA level was defined as detectable serum PSA level> 0.

Prospective investigation of penile length with newborn male circumcision and second to fourth digit ratio.

Introduction: We prospectively investigated the relationship between newborn male circumcision (NMC) and second to fourth digit ratio with penile length.

Methods: As participants for our study, we identified already circumcised young patients who visited our hospital for urological treatment. The age at which the circumcision had been done was assessed.

Ureteropelvic junction obstruction and renal cell carcinoma in a patient with solitary functioning kidney.

We present a case of ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in a solitary functioning kidney (SFK), managed by robot-assisted dismembered pyeloplasty with partial nephrectomy in a single stage. To our best knowledge, we report the first case of UPJO with RCC in a congenital SFK.

Clinical significance of ureteral stent removal by flexible cystoscopy on pain and satisfaction in young males: a prospective randomised control trial.

The cystoscopic removal of ureteral stents causes discomfort and pain, especially in young male patients. We aimed to evaluate the usefulness of ureteral stent removal by flexible cystoscopy on pain and satisfaction in young males. In total, 104 patients undergoing ureteroscopic removal of stones with indwelling of ureteral stent (May 2013-July 2015) were randomised to receive a ureteral stent removal by either rigid cystoscopy (group 1) or flexible cystoscopy (group 2).

Prostate volume and prostate-specific antigen in men with Parkinson's disease are not different compared to age-matched control group: A prospective, case-controlled multicenter study.

Purpose: Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) suffer from gait disturbance as well as lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). There have been no reports that evaluated the prostate volume (PV) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) of patients with PD. In this study, we prospectively evaluated PV and PSA in men with PD.

Cystic Angiomyolipoma Mimicking Cystic Renal Cell Carcinoma on Computed Tomography Image.

We report on a 44-year-old male patient with cystic angiomyolipoma (AML) simulating cystic renal cell carcinoma on computed tomography (CT). The CT scan showed a 2.8-cm left renal cystic mass with an enhancing solid component.

Upgrading and upstaging of low-risk prostate cancer among Korean patients: a multicenter study.

Only 54% of prostate cancer cases in Korea are localized compared with 82% of cases in the US. Furthermore, half of Korean patients are upgraded after radical prostatectomy (41.6%-50.

Ureteral penetration caused by drilling during internal pelvic bone fixation: delayed recognition.

A 49-year-old man was referred to our department with profuse serous fluid discharge from a Penrose drain after undergoing internal fixation with metal screws for multiple pelvic bone fractures. A definite ureteral penetration was identified that was orientated from the lateral to the medial aspect of the right distal ureter. The patient was surgically treated with excision of the 2-cm injured ureteral segment, end-to-end ureteroureterostomy, and double J ureteral stent placement.

Cavernous Hemangiolymphangioma of the Testis without Cutaneous Hemangiomatosis in an Elderly Patient.

Hemangiolymphangioma is an extremely rare malformation of both the lymphatic and blood vessels. To date, however, there are no reports in the literature of a hemangiolymphangioma of the testis. An 84-year-old man visited our hospital for investigation of a 1-month episode of a rapidly growing mass in his right scrotum.

Vascular endothelial growth factor-C and -D are involved in lymphangiogenesis in mouse unilateral ureteral obstruction.

Lymphatic remodeling in inflammation has been found in tracheal mycoplasma infection, human kidney transplant, skin inflammation, peritonitis, and corneal inflammation. Here we investigated lymphangiogenesis in fibrotic area in unilateral ureteral obstruction, a model of progressive renal fibrosis, and evaluated the roles of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C and -D in the obstructed kidney. Compared to sham-operated mice, the number of LYVE-1-positive lymphatic vessels, the proliferation of LYVE-1-positive lymphatic endothelial cells, along with VEGF-C and -D mRNA expression were all significantly increased following ureteral obstruction.

First case of peritoneal seeding of prostate cancer during robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy.

Peritoneal seeding with no further metastases of prostate cancer is very rare. To the best of our knowledge, there are only three cases reported in the available literature. There has not yet been a report of a patient undergoing robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RALRP) that might have resulted in peritoneal seeding.

The direct anti-cancer effect of a single instillation of epirubicin after transurethral resection of bladder tumor for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.

Purpose: To evaluate the direct anti-cancer effect of a single instillation of epirubicin (SIE) after transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) by analysis of immediate urine cytology (IUC).

Materials And Methods: We reviewed the records of 158 patients who had IUC after TURBT for NMIBC. Fifty-six patients were treated with SIE after TURBT and 102 patients were not treated with SIE.

Floating Hem-o-Lok Clips in the Bladder without Stone Formation after Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy.

Hem-o-Lok clips (Weck Surgical Instruments, Teleflex Medical, Durham, NC, USA) are widely used in robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy because of their easy application and secure clamping. To date, there have been some reports of intravesical migration of these clips causing urethral erosion, bladder neck contractures, and subsequent calculus formation. We report the first case of bladder migration of Hem-o-Lok clips without stone formation after robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy.

Is it transitional cell carcinoma or renal cell carcinoma on computed tomography image?

We report on a 58-year-old female patient with renal cell carcinoma simulating transitional cell carcinoma on computed tomography. The computed tomography scan showed an enhancing 2.5-cm left renal pelvic mass without renal parenchymal mass.

An unusual surgical success with a defective penile prosthesis.

A defective penile prosthesis is disconcerting for the surgeon performing an implantation in a patient with erectile dysfunction. We became aware of the defective Titan penile prosthesis just after insertion of the left cylinder, which had an abnormal rotation (180 degrees) due to abnormal rotated tubing, which occurred at the manufacturing plant. We successfully performed the implantation by cutting and re-connecting the tubing between the cylinder and pump with a spare connector.

A novel patient-derived intra-femoral xenograft model of bone metastatic prostate cancer that recapitulates mixed osteolytic and osteoblastic lesions.

Unlabelled: Prostate cancer metastasizes to bone in the majority of patients with advanced disease leading to painfully debilitating fractures, spinal compression and rapid decline. In addition, prostate cancer bone metastases often become resistant to standard therapies including androgen deprivation, radiation and chemotherapy. There are currently few models to elucidate mechanisms of interaction between the bone microenvironment and prostate cancer.