Host resistance responses against Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici in wheat cultivars with different resistance levels: molecular, biochemical, and ultrastructural studies.

Background: Yellow (stripe) rust of wheat, caused by Puccinia striiformis, is a serious disease that results in great economic losses. This study aimed to investigate the variation in plant responses in three wheat cultivars with different resistance levels against yellow rust.

Results: The highest disease severity was recorded for cv.

Roles of Three Genes in the Development and Pathogenicity Regulation of .

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a devastating fungal disease caused by . Pectin lyase, a pectinase, acts on the α-1,4-glycosidic linkage of galacturonic acid primarily by β-elimination. In this study, three pectin lyase genes (, , ) in were selected, and deletion mutants (Δ, , ) were constructed by homologous recombination for functional characterization.

Diazotrophic Azotobacter salinestris YRNF3: a probable calcite-solubilizing bio-agent for improving the calcareous soil properties.

Calcareous soils are characterized by a high calcium carbonate content (calcite), which plays a crucial role in the soil structure, plant growth, and nutrient availability. The high content of CaCO leads to the increment of the soil alkalinity, which results in a lowering of the nutrient availability causing a challenge for the agriculture in these soils. In this study, the calcite-solubilizing potential of the diazotrophic Azotobacter salinestris YRNF3 was investigated in vitro as a probable bio-agent for enhancing the calcareous soils properties such as soil pH and nutrient availability.

Eliciting transcriptomic and antioxidant defensive responses against Rhizoctonia root rot of sorghum using the endophyte Aspergillus oryzae YRA3.

Environmental pollution due to the improper use of the chemical fungicides represents a vital ecological problem, which affects human and animal health, as well as the microbial biodiversity and abundance in the soil. In this study, an endophytic fungus Aspergillus oryzae YRA3, isolated from the wild plant Atractylis carduus (Forssk.) C.

Mycorrhizal colonization and Streptomyces viridosporus HH1 synergistically up-regulate the polyphenol biosynthesis genes in wheat against stripe rust.

Background: Stripe rust is considered one of the most devastating diseases of wheat all over the world, resulting in a high loss in its production. In this study, time-course changes in expression of the polyphenol biosynthesis pathways genes in wheat against stripe rust were investigated. The defense mechanisms triggered by mycorrhizal colonization and/or spraying with Streptomyces viridosporus HH1 against this disease were also investigated.

Biocontrol potential of the endophytic Epicoccum nigrum HE20 against stripe rust of wheat.

Biological control using endophytic microorganisms represents an eco-friendly and effective alternative to the health-hazardous chemical fungicides used to control devastating plant diseases such as stripe rust in wheat. In this study, the inhibitory potential of the endophytic Epicoccum nigrum HE20, isolated from a healthy wheat plant, was screened against uredospores germination in vitro. A high suppression (96%) in the germination of the uredospores was recorded.

Biodegradation of Aflatoxin B1 in Maize Grains and Suppression of Its Biosynthesis-Related Genes Using Endophytic AYM3.

Aflatoxin B1 is one of the most deleterious types of mycotoxins. The application of an endophytic fungus for biodegradation or biosuppression of AFB1 production by was investigated. About 10 endophytic fungal species, isolated from healthy maize plants, were screened for their in vitro AFs-degrading activity using coumarin medium.

Aspergillus flavus YRB2 from Thymelaea hirsuta (L.) Endl., a non-aflatoxigenic endophyte with ability to overexpress defense-related genes against Fusarium root rot of maize.

Fusarium root rot, caused by Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc., represents one of the most damaging diseases of maize affecting plant growth and yield.

Distribution and Biodiversity of Seed-Borne Pathogenic and Toxigenic Fungi of Maize in Egypt and Their Correlations with Weather Variables.

Studies of the biodiversity of plant pathogenic and toxigenic fungi are attracting great attention to improve the predictability of their epidemics and the development of their control programs. Two hundred maize grain samples were gathered from 25 maize-growing governorates in Egypt and 189 samples were processed for the isolation and identification of seed-borne fungal microbiome. Twenty-six fungal genera comprising 42 species were identified according to their morphological characteristics and ITS DNA sequence analysis.

Endophytic SR22 Triggers Defense Responses in Tomato against Rhizoctonia Root Rot.

Rhizoctonia root rot is one of the most destructive diseases of tomato and other crops. The biocontrol of plant diseases using endophytic bacteria has gained significant attention due to their distinct advantages compared with the free-living ones, as well as their new unexplored and unique properties. Endophytic SR22 represents a promising and more effective biocontrol and growth-promoting agent for tomato plants than the free-living agents, being an ecofriendly and sustainable tool in modern agriculture.

Synergism between HH1 and Effectively Induces Defense Responses to Fusarium Wilt of Pea and Improves Plant Growth and Yield.

Fusarium wilt is a detrimental disease of pea crop, resulting in severe damage and a reduction in its yield. Developing synergistically enhanced bioagents for disease management and growth promotion is pivotal for food safety, security, and sustainability. In this study, biocontrol potential of treating pea plants with HH1 and/or their colonization with against infection with Fusarium wilt was investigated.

Magnesium carbonate elicits defense-related genes in King Ruby grapevines against downy mildew and improves its growth, yield, and berries quality.

Downy mildew, caused by Plasmopara viticola (Berk. and M. A.

Extract and Mycorrhizal Colonization Synergistically Trigger Immune Responses in Pea Plants against Rhizoctonia Root Rot, and Enhance Plant Growth and Productivity.

Rhizoctonia root rot is one of the most destructive diseases affecting pea crops, resulting in up to 75% loss. In this study, the biocontrol activity of seaweed () extract at 1, 2, and 3% and/or mycorrhization of pea roots was investigated against Rhizoctonia root rot under greenhouse conditions. In addition, their effects on the transcriptional, physiological, ultrastructural, and growth status of pea plants were also studied.

Essential oil from Lavandula angustifolia elicits expression of three SbWRKY transcription factors and defense-related genes against sorghum damping-off.

Sorghum damping-off, caused by Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc., is a serious disease which causes economic loss in sorghum production.

Exogenous Application of Melatonin and Methyl Jasmonate as a Pre-Harvest Treatment Enhances Growth of Barhi Date Palm Trees, Prolongs Storability, and Maintains Quality of Their Fruits under Storage Conditions.

Fresh date palm fruits (cv. Barhi) have received much attention due to their sweet taste and popularity in marketing. There is a critical need to prolong their storability, as well as maintain their quality during the postharvest and marketing periods.

Silica Nanoparticles as a Probable Anti-Oomycete Compound Against Downy Mildew, and Yield and Quality Enhancer in Grapevines: Field Evaluation, Molecular, Physiological, Ultrastructural, and Toxicity Investigations.

Downy mildew is the most destructive disease of grapevines in the regions of relatively warm and humid climate causing up to 50% yield losses. Application of silicon- (Si-) based products have been extensively studied against various oomycete, fungal, bacterial, and viral plant diseases, but studies on Si application in their nanosize are limited. In this study, the field application of silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) on Thompson Seedless grapevines (H4 strain) infected with downy mildew was evaluated.

Effects of Mycorrhizal Colonization on Transcriptional Expression of the Responsive Factor and Stress-Responsive Genes in Banana Plantlets in Response to Combined Biotic and Abiotic Stresses.

Banana plants ( L.) are exposed to various biotic and abiotic stresses that affect their production worldwide. Banana plants respond to these stresses, but their responses to combined stresses are unique and differ from those to various individual stresses.

Biodiversity of Pathogenic and Toxigenic Seed-Borne Mycoflora of Wheat in Egypt and Their Correlations with Weather Variables.

Surveillance investigations for pathogenic and toxigenic fungi are important to refine our understanding of their epidemiology and help in predicting their outbreaks. During 2019, 198 samples of wheat grains were collected from 25 wheat-growing governorates in Egypt to detect and identify seed-borne mycoflora in vitro. Forty-four fungal species belonging to 20 genera were identified.

Influence of Polyethylene Glycol on Leaf Anatomy, Stomatal Behavior, Water Loss, and Some Physiological Traits of Date Palm Plantlets Grown and .

Few reports explain the mechanism of PEG action on stomatal behavior and anatomical structure and analyze the photosynthetic pigments of date palm plantlets for better tolerance to exposure. The main challenge for micropropagation of date palm techniques remains restricted to high survival rates and vigorous growth after transplantation. hardening is induced by Polyethylene glycol PEG (0.

L. Shrubs Provide Species-Specific Facilitation for the Understory Plants in Coastal Ecosystem.

Plant facilitation has a pivotal role in regulating species coexistence, particularly under arid environments. The present study aimed to evaluate the facilitative effect of L. on its understory plants in coastal habitat.

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Trigger Transcriptional Expression of Flavonoid and Chlorogenic Acid Biosynthetic Pathways Genes in Tomato against Tomato Mosaic Virus.

Tomato mosaic disease, caused by Tomato Mosaic Virus (ToMV), is one of the most destructive diseases which results in serious crop losses. Research investigations dealing with the biocontrol activity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) against this viral disease are limited. In this study, the biocontrol activity of AMF on tomato plants infected with ToMV was evaluated in the greenhouse.

Chitinase production by Bacillus subtilis ATCC 11774 and its effect on biocontrol of Rhizoctonia diseases of potato.

Stem canker and black scurf of potato, caused by Rhizoctonia solani, can be serious diseases causing an economically significant damage. Biocontrol activity of Bacillus subtilis ATCC 11774 against the Rhizoctonia diseases of potato was investigated in this study. Chitinase enzyme was optimally produced by B.

Occurrence and distribution of tomato seed-borne mycoflora in Saudi Arabia and its correlation with the climatic variables.

One hundred samples of tomato seeds were collected in 2011 and 2012 from tomato-cultivated fields in Saudi Arabia and screened for their seed-borne mycoflora. A total of 30 genera and 57 species of fungi were recovered from the collected seed samples using agar plate and deep-freezing blotter methods. The two methods differed as regards the frequency of recovered seed-borne fungi.

Trichoderma harzianum: a biocontrol agent against Bipolaris oryzae.

Rice brown spot, caused by Bipolaris oryzae, can be a serious disease causing a considerable yield loss. Trichoderma harzianum is an effective biocontrol agent for a number of plant fungal diseases. Thus, this research was carried out to investigate the mechanisms of action by which T.