Clinicopathological analysis of non-functioning pituitary adenomas (PAs) according to the 2022 WHO classification.

Purpose: For asymptomatic non-functioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs), conservative approaches such as observation are preferred. However, some NFPAs exhibit poor prognoses. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate clinicopathological characteristics of tumors for identifying those with unfavorable prognoses.

Comprehensive Molecular Genetic Analysis in Glioma Patients by Next Generation Sequencing.

Background: Glioma is caused by multiple genomic alterations. The evolving classification of gliomas emphasizes the significance of molecular testing. Next generation sequencing (NGS) offers the assessment of parallel combinations of multiple genetic alterations and identifying actionable mutations that guide treatment.

Establishment of tumor microenvironment-preserving organoid model from patients with intracranial meningioma.

Background: Although meningioma is the most common primary brain tumor, treatments rely on surgery and radiotherapy, and recurrent meningiomas have no standard therapeutic options due to a lack of clinically relevant research models. Current meningioma cell lines or organoids cannot reflect biological features of patient tumors since they undergo transformation along culture and consist of only tumor cells without microenvironment. We aim to establish patient-derived meningioma organoids (MNOs) preserving diverse cell types representative of the tumor microenvironment.

Single-center study on clinicopathological and typical molecular pathologic features of metastatic brain tumor.

Background: The metastatic brain tumor is the most common brain tumor. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the clinicopathological and molecular pathologic features of brain metastases (BM).

Methods: A total of 269 patients were diagnosed with BM through surgical resection at Seoul St.

Salivary ultrasonography and histopathologic evaluation of secondary Sjögren's syndrome in rheumatoid arthritis patients.

Novel modalities, such as salivary ultrasonography (SGUS) and shear wave elastography (SWE), have previously been introduced to evaluate Sjögren's syndrome (SS). However, in secondary SS (sSS), the diagnostic performance of SGUS and its relationship with clinicopathological characteristics have not yet been clearly defined. In this study, we aimed to investigate sSS in RA patients using SGUS and SWE and sought to determine its pathological correlations.

Efficacy and safety of metformin plus low-dose temozolomide in patients with recurrent or refractory glioblastoma: a randomized, prospective, multicenter, double-blind, controlled, phase 2 trial (KNOG-1501 study).

Purpose: Glioblastoma (GBM) has a poor prognosis after standard treatment. Recently, metformin has been shown to have an antitumor effect on glioma cells. We performed the first randomized prospective phase II clinical trial to investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of metformin in patients with recurrent or refractory GBM treated with low-dose temozolomide.

Glioma grading using multiparametric MRI: head-to-head comparison among dynamic susceptibility contrast, dynamic contrast-enhancement, diffusion-weighted images, and MR spectroscopy.

Purpose: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of dynamic susceptibility contrast, dynamic contrast-enhancement, MR spectroscopy (MRS), and diffusion-weighted imaging for differentiating high-grade (HGGs) from low-grade gliomas (LGGs).

Methods: Seventy-two patients (16 LGGs, 56 HGGs) with pathologically confirmed gliomas were retrospectively included. From three-dimensionally segmented tumor, histogram analyses of relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV), volume transfer constant (K), and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) were performed.

Periodontitis deteriorates renal fibrosis and macrophage infiltration in rats with chronic kidney disease.

Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the effect of periodontitis on renal function and morphology in rats with or without nephrectomy (Nx)-induced chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Methods: Rats were divided into sham surgery (Sham), Sham with tooth ligation (ShamL), Nx, and NxL groups. Periodontitis was induced by tooth ligation at 16-week olds.

Prediction of V600E variant from cancer gene expression data.

Background: BRAF inhibitors have been approved for the treatment of melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, and colon cancer. Real-time polymerase chain reaction or next-generation sequencing were clinically used for variant detection to select who responds to BRAF inhibitors. The prediction of variants using gene expression data might be an alternative test when the direct variant sequencing test is not feasible.

Prediction of homologous recombination deficiency from cancer gene expression data.

Objective: Homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) is the main mechanism of tumorigenesis in some cancers. HRD causes abnormal double-strand break repair, resulting in genomic scars. Some scoring HRD tests have been approved as companion diagnostics of polyadenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitor treatment.

Importance of lymph node ratio in HPV-related oropharyngeal cancer patients treated with surgery and adjuvant treatment.

Objectives: The pathologic nodal stage of human papillomavirus (HPV)-related oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) patients is classified according to the number of lymph nodes (LNs), as revised in 2018. Previous studies showed that the LN ratio (LNR) could be also a significant prognostic factor in head and neck cancer, but there are few studies on the LNR in HPV-related [HPV(+)] OPC. The aim of the present study was to analyze the predictive value of the LNR for survival and recurrence in HPV(+) OPC patients.

Alveolar bone and tibia responses to hormonal and mineral abnormalities in rats with chronic kidney disease: A pilot study.

Objectives: As the impact of chronic kidney disease (CKD) severity on different bone types remains unclear, we induced increasing levels of CKD severity in a rat model and investigated hormone and mineral levels as well as alveolar and tibia bone histomorphology.

Methods: Rats were divided into sham operation (sham), 4/6 nephrectomy (4/6Nx), 5/6Nx, and 4/6Nx with hyperphosphorous (HP) diet (4/6NxHP). At week 20, BUN, FGF23, PTH, and P were estimated in plasma.

Prognostic Role of Systemic Inflammatory Markers in Patients Undergoing Surgical Resection for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Background: A high platelet−lymphocyte ratio (PLR) is a marker of systemic inflammation and, together with the neutrophil−lymphocyte ratio (NLR), is associated with poor outcomes in several cancers. We investigated the prognostic value of PLR and other systemic inflammatory markers, such as NLR, systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), and systemic inflammation response index (SIRI), in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients undergoing surgical resection. Methods: We derived PLR, NLR, SII, and SIRI from a retrospective chart review of 269 consecutive OSCC patients.

Clinical feasibility of modified procarbazine and lomustine chemotherapy without vincristine as a salvage treatment for recurrent adult glioma.

Procarbazine, lomustine and vincristine (PCV) chemotherapy is considered a salvage option for adult glioma; however, its significant toxicities frequently lead to dose reduction or discontinuation in patients with recurrent glioma. The current study evaluated the safety and efficacy of modified procarbazine and lomustine (PC) chemotherapy that omits vincristine and reduces the lomustine dose compared with those of conventional PCV chemotherapy. Using electronic medical records, all patients with adult recurrent glioma who received PC or PCV chemotherapy between 2009 and 2020 at Seoul St.

Early risk-assessment of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma: the added prognostic value of MR-based radiomics.

Objectives: To assess the additive prognostic value of MR-based radiomics in predicting progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) METHODS: Patients newly diagnosed with non-metastatic NPC between June 2006 and October 2019 were retrospectively included and randomly grouped into training and test cohorts (7:3 ratio). Radiomic features (n=213) were extracted from T2-weighted and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted MRI. The patients were staged according to the 8 edition of American Joint Committee on Cancer Staging Manual.

Prognostic value of MRI-measured tumor thickness in patients with tongue squamous cell carcinoma.

This study aimed to assess the prognostic value of MRI-measured tumor thickness (MRI-TT) in patients with tongue squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). This single-center retrospective cohort study included 133 pathologically confirmed tongue SCC patients between January 2009 and October 2019. MRI measurements of tongue SCC were based on axial and coronal T2-weighted (T2WI) and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted (CE-T1WI) images.

The Korean Society for Neuro-Oncology (KSNO) Guideline for Antiepileptic Drug Usage of Brain Tumor: Version 2021.1.

Background: To date, there has been no practical guidelines for the prescription of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in brain tumor patients in Korea. Thus, the Korean Society for Neuro-Oncology (KSNO), a multidisciplinary academic society, had begun preparing guidelines for AED usage in brain tumors since 2019.

Methods: The Working Group was composed of 27 multidisciplinary medical experts in Korea.

The Korean Society for Neuro-Oncology (KSNO) Guideline for Adult Diffuse Midline Glioma: Version 2021.1.

Background: There have been no guidelines for the management of adult patients with diffuse midline glioma (DMG), H3K27M-mutant in Korea since the 2016 revised WHO classification newly defined this disease entity. Thus, the Korean Society for Neuro-Oncology (KSNO), a multidisciplinary academic society, had begun preparing guidelines for DMG since 2019.

Methods: The Working Group was composed of 27 multidisciplinary medical experts in Korea.

Analysis of PET parameters as prognosticators of survival and tumor extent in Oropharyngeal Cancer treated with surgery and postoperative radiotherapy.

Background: Positron-emission tomography (PET) is widely used to detect malignancies, but consensus on its prognostic value in oropharyngeal cancer has not been established. The purpose of this study was to analyze the PET parameters associated with tumor extent and survival in resectable oropharyngeal cancer.

Methods: The PET parameters in oropharyngeal cancer patients with regional node metastasis who underwent surgery and postoperative radiotherapy between January 2005 and January 2019 were analyzed.

Proposal of a scoring system for predicting pathological risk based on a semiautomated analysis of whole slide images in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: The study aimed to evaluate the risk factors based on pathological findings comprehensively in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) using image analysis.

Methods: Scanned images of hematoxylin and eosin-, pan-cytokeratin-, CD3-, and CD8-stained slides of OSCC cases from 256 patients were analyzed, and six variables were obtained including the tumor-stroma ratio, tumor budding per tumor bed area, and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes-associated variables. We determined the "score" of all cases based on the variables, and all cases were classified into low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups.

Metachronous double primary neuroendocrine tumors in larynx and lung: a case report.

When a patient harbors two or more neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), it can be difficult to determine whether they are double primary tumors or metastases. A 60-year-old man complained of voice change lasting 1 month. On physical examination and imaging, a 1.

Prediction of PIK3CA mutations from cancer gene expression data.

Breast cancers with PIK3CA mutations can be treated with PIK3CA inhibitors in hormone receptor-positive HER2 negative subtypes. We applied a supervised elastic net penalized logistic regression model to predict PIK3CA mutations from gene expression data. This regression approach was applied to predict modeling using the TCGA pan-cancer dataset.

Radiomics may increase the prognostic value for survival in glioblastoma patients when combined with conventional clinical and genetic prognostic models.

Objectives: To evaluate the additional prognostic value of multiparametric MR-based radiomics in patients with glioblastoma when combined with conventional clinical and genetic prognostic factors.

Methods: In this single-center study, patients diagnosed with glioblastoma between October 2007 and December 2019 were retrospectively screened and grouped into training and test sets with a 7:3 distribution. Segmentations of glioblastoma using multiparametric MRI were performed automatically via a convolutional-neural network.