Publications by authors named "Youn Ju Kim"

Exercise provides health benefits to multiple metabolic tissues through complex biological pathways and interactions between organs. However, investigating these complex mechanisms in humans is still limited, making mouse models extremely useful for exploring exercise-induced changes in whole-body metabolism and health. In this review, we focus on gaining a broader understanding of the metabolic phenotypes and molecular mechanisms induced by exercise in mouse models.

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Recent studies have focused on identifying novel genes involved in the browning process of inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT). In this context, we propose that the mitochondrial ATPase gene lactation elevated 1 (Lace1) utilizes lactate to regulate the browning capacity of iWAT, specifically in response to challenge with CL-316,243 (CL), a beta3-adrenergic receptor (β3-AR) agonist. The mice were injected with CL over a span of 3 days and exposed to cold temperatures (4-6 °C) for 1 week.

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Article Synopsis
  • * Germ-free (GF) mice showed lower aerobic exercise capacity and oxygen consumption, yet lower body weight gain and fat compared to specific pathogen-free (SPF) mice, suggesting a complex relationship between gut bacteria and metabolism.
  • * The study indicates that the lack of gut microbiota hinders glucose utilization in muscles, leading to better fat breakdown but ultimately reducing immediate energy supply during exercise, thus affecting performance negatively.
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Background: Resistance exercise training is known to improve metabolic disorders, such as obesity and type2 diabetes. In this study, we investigated whether the beneficial effects of resistance exercise training persisted even after the discontinuation of training with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced metabolic stress. We further evaluated whether the improvement in skeletal muscle strength and endurance by training were correlated with improved metabolism.

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Wnt5a, a prototypic non-canonical Wnt, is an inflammatory factor elevated in the sera of obese humans and mice. In the present study, fat-specific knockout of Wnt5a (Wnt5a-FKO) prevented HFD-induced increases in serum Wnt5a levels in male C57BL/6 J mice, which suggested adipocytes are primarily responsible for obesity-induced increases in Wnt5a levels. Mouse subcutaneous white adipose tissues (WATs) more sensitively responded to HFD, in terms of cell size increases and Wnt5a levels than epididymal WATs.

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Aerobic exercise is an effective intervention in preventing obesity and is also an important factor associated with thermogenesis. There is an increasing interest in the factors and mechanisms induced by aerobic exercise that can influence the metabolism and thermogenic activity in an individual. Recent studies suggest that exercise induced circulating factors (known as 'exerkines'), which are able to modulate activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) and browning of white adipose tissue.

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Background: The relationship between exercise training and health benefits is under thorough investigation. However, the effects of exercise training on the maintenance of metabolic health are unclear.

Methods: Our experimental design involved initial exercise training followed by a high-fat diet (HFD) challenge.

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Aerobic exercise is well known to have a positive impact on body composition, muscle strength, and oxidative capacity. In animal model, both treadmill and wheel running exercise modalities have become more popular, in order to study physiological adaptation associated with aerobic exercise. However, few studies have compared physiological adaptations in response to either treadmill exercise (TE), or voluntary wheel running exercise (WE).

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Article Synopsis
  • Diet-induced weight loss and subsequent weight regain can cause harmful physiological and metabolic changes in the body.
  • A study comparing metabolic profiles in mice showed that weight regain resulted in reduced levels of certain amino acids and increased production of gluconeogenic enzymes, indicating heightened glucose production.
  • Additionally, there was a significant rise in inflammatory markers and specific lipid levels during weight regain, suggesting that it can worsen metabolic dysfunction related to obesity.
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In adipose tissue, agonists of the β3-adrenergic receptor (ADRB3) regulate lipolysis, lipid oxidation, and thermogenesis. The deficiency in the thermogenesis induced by neuroblast differentiation-associated protein AHNAK in white adipose tissue (WAT) of mice fed a high-fat diet suggests that AHNAK may stimulate energy expenditure via development of beige fat. Here, we report that AHNAK deficiency promoted browning and thermogenic gene expression in WAT but not in brown adipose tissue of mice stimulated with the ADRB3 agonist CL-316243.

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Objectives: This study aims to develop a method for calculating infection time lines for disease outbreaks on farms was developed using the 2010/2011 foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) epidemic in the Republic of Korea.

Methods: Data on farm demography, the detection date of FMD, the clinical history for the manifestation of lesions, the presence of antibodies against FMD virus (including antibodies against the structural and nonstructural proteins of serotype O), vaccination status (O1 Manisa strain), the number of reactors and information on the slaughter of infected animals were utilized in this method.

Results: Based on estimates of the most likely infection date, a cumulative detection probability that an infected farm would be identified on a specific day was determined.

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3-Nitropropionic acid (3-NP), a mitochondrial toxin, has been reported to induce an acute cochlear damage. Korean red ginseng (KRG) is known to have protective effects from some types of hearing loss. This study aimed to observe the protective effect of KRG in an ototoxic animal model using 3-NP intratympanic injection.

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This study concerns a quantitative analysis of the bovine brucellosis eradication program in the Republic of Korea to provide insight into how to plan better future control strategies. In 2004, an active bovine brucellosis eradication program, based principally on intensive test-and-slaughter, was implemented in Korea. With more intensive testing on cattle, the reported incidence rate at herd level increased significantly, becoming 61 times higher in 2006 (225.

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