Nicotine alleviates alcohol-induced memory and long-term potentiation impairment.

Alcohol and nicotine are routinely abused together. There is one plausible explanation that comorbidity can alleviate alcohol-induced cognitive impairment. However, the mechanism involved is not known.

[Rapunzel Syndrome Removed with Enteroscopy in a Child].

A trichobezoar is a type of bezoar that is composed of hair. In most cases, it is confined to the stomach, but in rare cases, it may extend to the small intestine. This condition is referred to as Rapunzel syndrome.

Propofol effects on cerebellar long-term depression.

Propofol is an intravenously administered anesthetic that induces γ-aminobutyric acid-mediated inhibition in the central nervous system. It has been implicated in prolonged movement disorders. Since the cerebellum is important for motor coordination and learning, we investigated the potential effects of propofol on cerebellar circuitry.

Intestinal Malrotation With a Fixed Partial Volvulus in an Adult.

A 44-year-old man had been suffering from nausea, vomiting and watery diarrhea for 5 days and was then admitted to Dankook University Hospital. He had suffered from several episodes of mild symptoms, including abdominal distension, loss of appetite, easy satiety, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea throughout his lifetime, but most episodes had been ignored by him or physicians. An upper gastrointestinal series and a computed tomography scan revealed an intestinal malrotation with a volvulus.

Genipin induces cyclooxygenase-2 expression via NADPH oxidase, MAPKs, AP-1, and NF-κB in RAW 264.7 cells.

Genipin is a compound found in gardenia fruit extract with diverse pharmacological activities. However, the mechanism underlying genipin-induced cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of genipin on COX-2 expression and determined that exposure to genipin dose-dependently enhanced the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), a major COX-2 metabolite, in RAW 264.

Bilateral adrenal pheochromocytoma with a germline L790F mutation in the RET oncogene.

About ten percent of pheochromocytomas are associated with familial syndrome. Hereditary pheochromocytoma has characteristics of early onset, multifocality and bilaterality. We experienced a case of 44-year-old man with bilateral pheochromocytoma without evidence of medullary thyroid cancer.

A case of unexpected regeneration of small intestinal mucosal necrosis.

If full-thickness mucosa, including the mucosal crypt, has been almost denuded, mucosa cannot regenerate as has been shown by animal models. The authors experienced an unusual mucosal regeneration exceed denuded bowel that occur in midgut volvulus of duration 2 days in a 6-day-old infant. Santulli's jejunostomy was performed using seriously denuded small bowel to prevent short bowel syndrome, despite the risks of leakage or stricture.

Infantile vulvar abscess with a normal anus: a suspicious sign of rectovestibular fistula.

Purpose: We investigated whether infantile vulvar abscesses are predictable features of rectovestibular fistula with a normal anus.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective analysis of five infants with vulvar abscesses and rectovestibular fistulae with normal anuses was performed.

Results: Four cases had a left vulvar abscess, and in one case the vulvar abscess was on the right side.

Hepatic fibrosis scan for liver stiffness score measurement: a useful preendoscopic screening test for the detection of varices in postoperative patients with biliary atresia.

Objective: Even after successful Kasai portoenterostomy, progressive hepatic fibrosis in postoperative patients with biliary atresia (BA) can be associated with portal hypertension and esophageal or gastric varices. Therefore, early diagnosis and close follow-up of varices are important. We investigated the correlation between the liver stiffness scores measured by FibroScan and the presence of esophageal or gastric varices to examine the usefulness of FibroScan as a preendoscopic screening test for varices.

Gastric volvulus associated with agenesis of the left lobe of the liver in a child: a case treated by laparoscopic gastropexy.

Association of gastric volvulus with agenesis of the left lobe of the liver is very rare and mostly reported in adults. We report a case of gastric volvulus associated with agenesis of the left lobe of the liver in a child, which was successfully treated by laparoscopic gastropexy.

Prenatal diagnostic clue for fetus in fetu.

The purpose of this paper is to define a prenatal diagnostic clue for fetus in fetu (FIF) based on the characteristic findings of four FIF cases studied by the authors. A retrospective analyses of prenatal ultrasonography (US), postnatal US, computed tomography (CT) scans and operative findings were carried out on each of the four FIF cases collected from a multi-center. Prenatal US findings for each of the four cases showed a fluid-filled sac with a solid portion "floating" within it.