Surgery/non-surgery-based strategies for invasive locally-advanced non-small cell lung cancer in the era of precision medicine.

Background: Treatments for invasive T non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumors have been traditionally individualized and often require multidisciplinary team (MDT) evaluation. Advances in precision medicine may open up new opportunities for these patients.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study, using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, identified TNM NSCLC patients with central structure invasion from 2010 to 2020.

Discovery of orally bioavailable ALK PROTACs based ceritinib against ALK positive cancers.

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) fusion genes promote a variety of human malignancies. Although several ALK inhibitors have significantly improved disease prognosis in patients with ALK positive cancers, the persistent emergence of acquired drug-resistant mutations remain the major problem in clinic treatment. Adoption of new therapeutic strategies such as proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) to overcome drug resistance in BTK/AR-related cancers have shown promising prospect.

Preclinical study and phase II trial of adapting low-dose radiotherapy to immunotherapy in small cell lung cancer.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) provide modest but unsatisfactory benefits for extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC). Developing strategies for treating ES-SCLC is critical.

Methods: We preliminarily explored the outcomes of salvage low-dose radiotherapy (LDRT) plus ICI on refractory SCLC patients.

Updated overall survival and circulating tumor DNA analysis of ensartinib for crizotinib-refractory ALK-positive NSCLC from a phase II study.

Background: The initial phase II stuty (NCT03215693) demonstrated that ensartinib has shown clinical activity in patients with advanced crizotinib-refractory, anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Herein, we reported the updated data on overall survival (OS) and molecular profiling from the initial phase II study.

Methods: In this study, 180 patients received 225 mg of ensartinib orally once daily until disease progression, death or withdrawal.

First-line treatment of driver gene-negative metastatic lung adenocarcinoma with malignant pleural effusion: Should chemotherapy be combined with an immune checkpoint inhibitor or bevacizumab?

Patients with metastatic lung adenocarcinoma (MLA) and malignant pleural effusion (MPE) without driver gene mutations have a poor prognosis. None of the standard treatment strategies is recommended for such patients. We retrospectively analyzed the efficacy of the first-line treatment for this specific population: standard platinum-based doublet chemotherapy (CT), CT plus an immune checkpoint inhibitor (CT plus ICI), and CT plus bevacizumab (CT plus Bev).

Involved-field irradiation or elective-nodal irradiation in neoadjuvant chemo-radiotherapy for locally-advanced esophageal cancer: comprehensive analysis for dosimetry, treatment-related complications, impact on lymphocyte, patterns of failure and survival.

Purpose: To compare the differences between involved-field irradiation (IFI) and elective nodal irradiation (ENI) in selecting the optimal target area for neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) in patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (LA-ESCC).

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 267 patients with LA-ESCC, of whom 165 underwent ENI and 102 underwent IFI. Dosimetry, treatment-related complications, pathological responses, recurrence/metastasis patterns, and survival were compared between the two groups.

The quality and clinical translation of radiomics studies based on MRI for predicting Ki-67 levels in patients with breast cancer.

Objective: To evaluate the methodological quality of radiomics literature predicting Ki-67 levels based on MRI in patients with breast cancer (BC) and to propose suggestions for clinical translation.

Methods: In this review, we searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science for studies published on radiomics in patients with BC. We evaluated the methodological quality of the studies using the Radiomics Quality Score (RQS).

Safety and Tolerability of Low-Dose Radiation and Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy + Sintilimab for Treatment-Naïve Stage IV PD-L1+ Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients.

Purpose: Low-dose radiotherapy (LDRT) may enhance the synergistic antitumor effect of combined immunotherapy and stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT). The safety and efficacy of this novel triple-combination therapy were evaluated for the first time as first-line treatment for patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Patients And Methods: This prospective phase I study enrolled 29 patients and included a dose-escalation and dose-expansion phase.

Pericardial irradiation dose may be strongly associated with grade 4 lymphopenia and affect prognosis in patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer receiving definitive concurrent chemoradiotherapy.

Background: The immune system may influence prognosis, and lymphopenia is a frequent side effect of concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT). Radical irradiation for locally advanced esophageal cancer (LA-EC) exposes significant vascular and heart volumes. In this study, we hypothesized that lymphopenia is linked to cardiac and pericardial doses and affects patient prognosis.

Optimal timing of hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy for epidermal growth factor receptor-mutated non-small-cell lung cancer patients with brain metastases.

Background: For epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutated non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with limited brain metastases (BMs), who eventually receive both tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) treatment and brain radiotherapy, the optimal timing of radiotherapy is not clear. The present retrospective analysis aimed to partly solve this problem.

Methods: In total 84 EGFR-mutated NSCLC patients with limited BMs, who received both TKI treatment and brain hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (HSRT), were enrolled.

Real-world clinical analysis in 190 advanced NSCLC patients with uncommon EGFR mutations: A multi-center study.

Differently from epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) 19Del and L858R mutations, the panoramic description of uncommon EGFR mutations is far from mature. Our understanding of its population characteristics, treatment response, and drug resistance mechanisms needs urgent expansion and deepening. Our study enrolled 437 patients with non-small-cell lung cancer from four clinical centers and who had uncommon EGFR mutations.

The safety of combining immune checkpoint inhibitors and platinum-based chemotherapy for the treatment of solid tumors: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Objective: Combination treatment regimens consisting of both immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) and chemotherapeutic agents have emerged as the standard of care for a range of cancers. This network meta-analysis (NMA) examined the toxicity profiles and safety rankings of these different ICI-based combination regimens.

Methods: The PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published as of March 1, 2022 comparing two or more treatment regimens in which at least one arm was comprised of an ICI + platinum-based chemotherapeutic regimen.

Survival of Patients With Inoperable Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer With Baseline Severe Pulmonary Dysfunction: Impacts of Thoracic Radiotherapy and Predictive Analysis for Acute Radiation Pneumonitis.

Background And Purpose: Currently, there is no standard treatment for patients with lung cancer with deteriorated pulmonary function. In this study, we aimed to assess the efficacy of thoracic radiotherapy for unresectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with baseline severe pulmonary dysfunction and severe acute radiation pneumonitis (SARP).

Methods: Patients were categorized into a radiotherapy group and a nonradiotherapy group, followed by analysis of clinical variables.

An overview of PROTACs: a promising drug discovery paradigm.

Proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) technology has emerged as a novel therapeutic paradigm in recent years. PROTACs are heterobifunctional molecules that degrade target proteins by hijacking the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Currently, about 20-25% of all protein targets are being studied, and most works focus on their enzymatic functions.

Discovery of highly potent and selective 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin-glucose conjugates as potential anti-colorectal cancer agents.

7-Ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN38), a highly potent metabolite of irinotecan, has an anticancer efficacy 100-1000 folds more than irinotecan . However, the clinical application of SN38 has been limited due to the very narrow therapeutic window and poor water solubility. Herein, we report the SN38-glucose conjugates (Glu-SN38) that can target cancer cells due to their selective uptake glucose transporters, which are overexpressed in most cancers.

Uncertain resection of highest mediastinal lymph node positive among pN2 non-small cell lung cancer patients: survival analysis of postoperative radiotherapy and driver gene mutations.

Background And Purpose: The role of postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) in uncertain resection of pN2 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with highest mediastinal lymph node positive has not been determined. We aim to evaluate the effect of PORT and driver gene mutation status (DGMS) on survival in such patients.

Methods: 140 selected patients were grouped according to whether they received PORT and their DGMS.

Impact of antibiotic use before definitive concurrent chemoradiation in patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

Purpose: This study evaluated whether antibiotic treatment before chemoradiotherapy influenced outcomes in patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC).

Methods: The records of LA-NSCLC patients treated with chemoradiotherapy between 2010 and 2017 at West China Hospital of Sichuan University were retrospectively examined together with their antibiotic use (antibiotic type, duration of treatment, and time between discontinuation and chemoradiotherapy). The influence of antibiotics on progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) was evaluated with Kaplan-Meier curves and univariate and multivariate Cox regression.

Effect of cyasterone on intestinal flora in a V600E-mutant mouse model of colorectal cancer.

-mutated colorectal cancer (CRC) is very aggressive and responds poorly to standard treatment. In this study, -mutant mice with CRC were treated with intragastric cyasterone, a compound commonly used in traditional Chinese herbal medicine, for 21 days. Microbial DNA was extracted from mouse intestinal contents for 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicon sequencing and analyzed.

Discovery of potent and selective HER2 PROTAC degrader based Tucatinib with improved efficacy against HER2 positive cancers.

HER2 is a validated therapeutic target for HER2 positive breast cancer and gastric cancer. TKIs have significantly improved the prognosis of patients with HER2 positive cancer. However, the pan-HER TKIs always caused gastrointestinal and skin side effects, and acquired drug resistance inevitable compromised their therapeutic efficacy.

Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-based treatment beyond progression with prior immunotherapy in patients with stage IV non-small cell lung cancer: a retrospective study.

Background: Although immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) provide unprecedented survival improvement for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), disease progression inevitably occurs. After ICIs failure, limited data exist on whether ICI-based treatment beyond progression (TBP) may be beneficial to advanced NSCLC. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of this treatment approach in advanced NSCLC and identify potential beneficial factors.

Symptomatic Radiation Pneumonitis in NSCLC Patients Receiving EGFR-TKIs and Concurrent Once-daily Thoracic Radiotherapy: Predicting the Value of Clinical and Dose-volume Histogram Parameters.

Background: The incidence of symptomatic radiation pneumonitis (RP) and its relationship with dose-volume histogram (DVH) parameters in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients receiving epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) and concurrent once-daily thoracic radiotherapy (TRT) remain unclear. We aim to analyze the values of clinical factors and dose-volume histogram (DVH) parameters to predict the risk for symptomatic RP in these patients.

Methods: Between 2011 and 2019, we retrospectively analyzed and identified 85 patients who had received EGFR-TKIs and once-daily TRT simultaneously (EGFR-TKIs group) and 129 patients who had received concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT group).

Response to Pralsetinib Observed in Meningeal-Metastatic -Mutant NSCLC With Acquired Fusion: A Brief Report.

Introduction: is well known as an important driver gene in NSCLC. Moreover, is a rare acquired resistance mechanism to -mutant NSCLC. Only 36 NSCLC cases of coexistence of and were reported previously worldwide.

Adebrelimab or placebo plus carboplatin and etoposide as first-line treatment for extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (CAPSTONE-1): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial.

Background: Extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) is associated with poor prognosis and treatment options are scarce. Immunotherapy has shown robust clinical activity in ES-SCLC in previous phase 3 trials. We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of adebrelimab (SHR-1316), a novel anti-PD-L1 antibody, with standard chemotherapy as a first-line treatment for ES-SCLC.

The impact of antibiotic selection and interval time among advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients receiving prior antibacterial treatment and first-line chemotherapy.

Background: To determine whether antibiotic use before chemotherapy is associated with chemotherapy responses and patient outcomes among NSCLC patients and define the optimal interval between chemotherapy initiation and antibiotic treatment.

Materials And Methods: One thousand four hundred and four advanced NSCLC patients receiving first-line platinum-based doublets therapy were retrospectively analyzed. Kaplan-Meier curve evaluated the impact of antibiotic use and type of antibiotics on the survival of patients.