Neuroinflammation: The central enabler of postoperative cognitive dysfunction.

The proportion of advanced age patients undergoing surgical procedures is on the rise owing to advancements in surgical and anesthesia technologies as well as an overall aging population. As a complication of anesthesia and surgery, older patients frequently suffer from postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD), which may persist for weeks, months or even longer. POCD is a complex pathological process involving multiple pathogenic factors, and its mechanism is yet unclear.

Anesthetic Management of Patients With Kartagener Syndrome: A Systematic Review of 99 Cases.

KARTAGENER SYNDROME (KS) is characterized by the triad of chronic sinusitis, bronchiectasis, and situs inversus. The mirrored anatomy and respiratory infections in patients with KS patients pose great challenges for anesthetic management. The aim of this review is to summarize published cases with the hope of helping anesthesiologists perform anesthesia in patients with KS more safely.

Comparison of LPS and MS-induced depressive mouse model: behavior, inflammation and biochemical changes.

Depression is a mental disease involving complex pathophysiological mechanisms, and there are many ways to establish depressive mouse models. The purpose of this study is to comprehensively compare the behavioral changes and its mechanism induced by two different models. This study established two depressive mouse models by maternal separation (MS) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration, and added fluoxetine treatment group respectively for comparison.

Acute left heart failure with pulmonary edema during resection of pediatric neuroblastoma: case report.

Resection of an unknown neck mass in a 6-year-old child triggered acute left-sided heart failure and pulmonary edema. The lesion was confirmed as neuroblastoma by postoperative tissue examination. Such tumors regularly synthesize and secrete catecholamines, warranting caution in advance of surgical manipulation.

Hydrogen-rich saline regulates the polarization and apoptosis of alveolar macrophages and attenuates lung injury via suppression of autophagy in septic rats.

Background: Hydrogen-rich saline (HRS) has a protective effect on sepsis-induced lung injury. However, the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Polarization and apoptosis of macrophages are essential factors in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury (ALI).

Exosome: The Regulator of the Immune System in Sepsis.

Sepsis is a syndrome comprised of a series of life-threatening organ dysfunctions caused by a maladjusted body response to infection with no effective treatment. There is growing evidence that the immune system plays a core role in sepsis. Pathogens cause abnormal host immune response and eventually lead to immunosuppression, which is an important cause of death in patients with sepsis.

Individualized positive end-expiratory pressure in patients undergoing thoracoscopic lobectomy: a randomized controlled trial.

Background And Objectives: With the intensive study of lung protective ventilation strategies, people begin to advocate the individualized application of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). This study investigated the optimal PEEP in patients during one-lung ventilation (OLV) and its effects on pulmonary mechanics and oxygenation.

Methods: Fifty-eight patients who underwent elective thoracoscopic lobectomy were randomly divided into two groups.

Airway Rupture Caused by Double-Lumen Tubes: A Review of 187 Cases.

The double-lumen tubes (DLTs) are the most widely used devices to provide perioperative lung isolation. Airway rupture is a rare but life-threatening complication of DLTs. The primary aim of this review was to collect all cases reported in the literature about airway rupture caused by DLTs and to describe the reported possible contributors, diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes of this complication.

Prediction of Double-Lumen Tube Size By Ultrasonography for Asian Women: A Prospective Observational Study.

Objective: To assess the agreement of the diameter of the cricoid cartilage by computed tomography and ultrasonography and to compare the accuracy of the left double-lumen tubes (DLTs) and right DLTs predicted by ultrasonography for Asian women.

Design: Prospective observational study.

Setting: Academic, tertiary care hospital.

The Incidence of Tracheal Bronchus in Thoracic Surgery Patients and Its Implication for Lung Isolation: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Objective: To investigate the incidence of tracheal bronchus (TB) and explore its implication for lung isolation.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: Academic, tertiary care hospital.

Age-related Change of the Dimensions of the Cricoid Cartilage in Adults.

Objectives: To measure the dimensions of the cricoid cartilage in adults and to investigate the age-related change of the dimensions of the cricoid cartilage.

Methods: After performing the multiplanar reconstruction and correcting the slant of the cervical computed tomography scans, the transverse and anteroposterior internal diameters of the inlet (TD-in and APD-in) and outlet (TD-out and APD-out) of the cricoid cartilage were measured, respectively. The angle between the arch and lamina of the cricoid cartilage in the middle sagittal plane was measured.

The development of the cricoid cartilage and its implications for the use of endotracheal tubes in the pediatric population.

Background: The rigid cricoid cartilage is functionally the narrowest portion of the larynx. There is some controversy over the shape of the pediatric cricoid cartilage in the transverse plane. It is important to understand the development of the cricoid cartilage so that endo-traceheal tubes can be used more safely.

Predicting the Size of a Left Double-Lumen Tube for Asian Women Based on the Combination of the Diameters of the Cricoid Ring and Left Main Bronchus: A Randomized, Prospective, Controlled Trial.

Background: There are limited data about how to choose the correct size of a double-lumen tube (DLT). It is especially difficult to select an appropriate DLT for Asian women because of their small stature. The primary aim of this study was to compare the overall accuracy of the DLT selected based on the combination of transverse diameter of cricoid ring and the equivalent diameter of the left main bronchus (ED-LMB) with that based on the ED-LMB alone for Asian women.

Therapeutic Effect of Long-Term Epidural Block in Rats with Pregnancy Induced Hypertension.

Background: Pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) causes a variety of systemic disorders that negatively affect the maternal placenta and fetal growth. Epidural sympathetic block elicits symptoms of decreased blood pressure. This study was designed to determine the therapeutic effect of long-term epidural block in rats with PIH.

The Combination of Diameters of Cricoid Ring and Left Main Bronchus for Selecting the "Best Fit" Double-Lumen Tube.

Objectives: The aims of this study were to measure diameters of the cricoid ring and left main bronchus in Asian adult patients and to assess the accuracy of double lumen tube size selected according to cricoid and left main bronchus diameter, respectively.

Design: Retrospective observational study.

Setting: Academic, tertiary care hospital.

Perioperative psychological and music interventions in elderly patients undergoing spinal anesthesia: effect on anxiety, heart rate variability, and postoperative pain.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of perioperative psychological and music interventions in elderly patients undergoing elective surgery on anxiety, post-operative pain, and changes in heart rate variability (HRV) to ascertain if perioperative psychological and music interventions can affect overall anxiety levels.

Materials And Methods: Fourty elderly patients undergoing elective surgery were randomized to two groups; one group received psychological and music intervention, and the other was the control. The intervention group underwent psychological intervention and listening to music for 30 min before surgery.

Preoperative music intervention for patients undergoing cesarean delivery.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of music played preoperatively in women undergoing elective cesarean delivery.

Methods: Sixty women undergoing elective cesarean delivery were randomized to a study group or a control group. Those in the study group listened to music for 30 minutes before surgery.

Effect of epidural block on 24-hour urine protein in pregnant rat models with preeclampsia.

Objective: To investigate the effects of epidural block on 24-hour urine protein in rat with preeclampsia (PE).

Methods: Thirty healthy pregnant Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups (each group with 10 rats). From the 14th day of pregnancy, the rats in Group A were given subcutaneous normal saline (0.

Comparative study on the pharmacodynamics of cisatracurium: continuous infusion or intermittent bolus injection.

Objective: To explore a better administration way through comparison of the pharmacodynamics of cisatracurium administered by continuous infusion or intermittent bolus injection.

Methods: Thirty patients (ASAI-II) who had no neuromuscular disease and underwent selective surgery under general anesthesia were randomly divided into group I and II (each group with 15 patients). In group I, patients received cisatracurium by continuous infusion and in group II, by intermittent bolus injection.