-Secreted Products Promote Collagen Capsule Formation through TGF-β1/Smad3 Pathway.

() muscle larvae colonize in the host's skeletal muscle cells, which are surrounded by collagen capsules. The mechanism underlying muscle stage larva-induced collagen capsule formation remains unknown. To clarify the mechanism, a muscular-infected mouse model was established by a single lateral tail vein injection with 20,000 newborn larvae (NBL).