A quadruple-strategy of modification on carbon nitride boosts oxygen reduction for high performance photocatalytic hydrogen peroxide production.

This paper reports a quadruple-strategy for material design, simultaneously applying morphology control, group modification, defect engineering and alkali metal doping to the design of catalysts, and successfully constructing irregular clusters of carbon nitride (pMNK-CN) with excellent photogenerated carrier separation performance and structural stability. The pMNK-CN is an irregular flower cluster-like morphology with a nanosheet structure on the surface, and the repolymerization process of the prepolymer in the microvoid of the metal salt gives it an open pore structure. With the help of essential characterization, it was confirmed that the heptazine unit in the backbone underwent partial decomposition due to the etching of metal salts at high temperatures, reducing the overall polymerization and introducing cyano and nitrogen vacancies.

Br/BrO-mediated highly efficient photoelectrochemical epoxidation of alkenes on α-FeO.

Epoxides are significant intermediates for the manufacture of pharmaceuticals and epoxy resins. In this study, we develop a Br/BrO mediated photoelectrochemical epoxidation system on α-FeO. High selectivity (up to >99%) and faradaic efficiency (up to 82 ± 4%) for the epoxidation of a wide range of alkenes are achieved, with water as oxygen source, which are far beyond the most reported electrochemical and photoelectrochemical epoxidation performances.

Strong Spin Polarization Effect of Atomically Dispersed Metal Site Boosts the Selective Photocatalytic Nitrobenzene Hydrogenation to Aniline over Graphitic Carbon Nitride.

Atomically dispersed catalysts (ADCs) with a well-defined structure are theoretically desirable for a high-selectivity photocatalytic reaction. However, achieving high product selectivity remains a practical challenge for ADCs-based photocatalysts. Herein, we reveal a spin polarization effect on achieving high product selectivity (95.

Constructing the Sulfur-Doped CdO@InO Nanofibers Ternary Heterojunction for Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production.

An S-doped CdO@InO nanofiber was successfully designed by in-situ electrospinning along and subsequent calcination treatment. Under artificial sunlight illumination, the S/CdO@InO-25 displayed a superior photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate of 4564.58 μmol·g·h, with approximately 22.

Graphdiyne (CH)-Based GDY/CuI/MIL-53(Al) S-Scheme Heterojunction for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution.

Graphdiyne (g-CH) is a new carbon material composed of sp and sp hybrid carbon atoms. Since the synthesis by Li's team, graphdiyne has been widely studied in other fields because of its excellent properties. In this paper, graphdiyne was synthesized from copper-containing materials and the composite GDY/CuI/MIL-53(Al) S-scheme heterojunction is prepared for photocatalytic cracking of water to produce hydrogen.

Identifying the roles of imine and alkyne linkages in determining the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution over thiadiazole-based covalent organic frameworks.

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have emerged as an extremely promising material for photocatalytic water splitting for hydrogen production. However, their photocatalytic performance is seriously affected by the properties of their donors, acceptors and linkages. So far, few studies have been reported on the key roles of the linkages of a specific COF in improving its photocatalytic hydrogen production performance.

Anchoring highly-dispersed ZnCdS nanoparticles on NiCo Prussian blue Analogue-derived cubic-like NiCoP forms an S-scheme heterojunction for improved hydrogen evolution.

This study used a facile hydrothermal technique to obtain a novel ZnCdS/NiCoP S-scheme heterojunction for highly photocatalytic H generation, Notably, phosphatization was used to derive the cubic NiCoP from a Prussian blue analog ZnCdS nanoparticles are simple to disperse on the surface because NiCoP has a cubic characteristic, which easily transfers interface charges, and consequently accelerates surface reaction kinetics. Furthermore, the ZnCdS/NiCoP-3% composite exhibited the highest photocatalytic H generation performance of 582.98 µmol with an apparent quantum yield (AQY) of 7.

Surface-Induced Engineering: P-Induced Formation of Surface Bonding States Based on the ZIF Synthesis Strategy for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution.

The development of clean energy is one of the effective strategies to solve carbon peak and carbon neutrality. The severe recombination of photogenerated carriers is one of the fundamental reasons that hinder the development of photocatalysis. In this work, NiCo-MOF/ZIF was obtained by the "ZIF on MOF" strategy for the first time, and a stable bonding state of surface P(δ)-Co/Ni(δ)-O(δ) was formed on the surface of the catalyst by a one-step oxidation-phosphorus doping strategy.

A synergistic hydrothermal-deep eutectic solvents (DES) pretreatment for acquiring xylooligosaccharides and lignin nanoparticles from Eucommia ulmoides wood.

To achieve an effective deconstruction for preparation of xylooligosaccharides (XOS) and lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) from Eucommia ulmoides, a synergistic pretreatment was successfully developed. Herein, the hemicelluloses were preferentially dissociated in acetic acid-catalyzed hydrothermal pretreatment (HTP) for preparation of XOS, and the hydrothermally-pretreated substrate was then subjected to deep eutectic solvents (DES) delignification for fabrication of LNPs. Results showed that the optimal yield (33.

Bridging Effect of S-C Bond for Boosting Electron Transfer over Cubic Hollow CoS/g-CN Heterojunction toward Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production.

The construction of interfacial effects and chemical bonds between catalysts is one of the effective strategies to facilitate photogenerated electron transfer. A novel hollow cubic CoS is derived from Co-ZIF-9 and the S-C bond is successfully constructed between CoS and g-CN. The S-C bond acts as a bridge for electronic transmission, allowing the rapid transmission of photoelectron to hydrogen evolution active site in CoS.

2D CeO and a Partially Phosphated 2D Ni-Based Metal-Organic Framework Formed an S-Scheme Heterojunction for Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution.

Here, an S-scheme heterojunction was constructed on the basis of the modification of a Ni-based metal-organic framework (Ni-MOF) by different in situ treatment strategies. First, NiS, NiO, and NiP were derived in situ on the surface of Ni-MOF through surface sulfonation, oxidation, and phosphatizing treatments. They can efficiently accept the electrons from the conduction band of Ni-MOF as the trap centers, thus improving the hydrogen production activity.

Synthesis of MgNiCo LDH hollow structure derived from ZIF-67 as superb adsorbent for Congo red.

Adsorption materials with large specific surface area and porous structures exert a beneficial impact on improving the adsorption performance. In this work, MgNiCo LDH hollow structure (MNC HS) is fabricated through a simple one-step solvothermal method using ZIF-67 as the sacrificial template. Electron microscopy shows that the MNC HS retains the dodecahedral shape of ZIF-67.

Hierarchically Porous ZnO/g-CN S-Scheme Heterojunction Photocatalyst for Efficient HO Production.

The design of photocatalysts with hierarchical pore sizes is an effective method to improve mass transport, enhance light absorption, and increase specific surface area. Moreover, the construction of a heterojunction at the interface of two semiconductor photocatalysts with suitable band positions plays a crucial role in separating and transporting charge carriers. Herein, ZIF-8 and urea are used as precursors to prepare hierarchically porous ZnO/g-CN S-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts through a two-step calcination method.

Geographic Authentication of Leaves Using Multivariate Analysis and Preliminary Study on the Compositional Response to Environment.

To explore the influences of different cultivated areas on the chemical profiles of leaves (EUL) and rapidly authenticate its geographical origins, 187 samples from 13 provinces in China were systematically investigated using three data fusion strategies (low, mid, and high level) combined with two discrimination model algorithms (partial least squares discrimination analysis; random forest, RF). RF models constructed by high-level data fusion with different modes of different spectral data (Fourier transform near-infrared spectrum and attenuated total reflection Fourier transform mid-infrared spectrum) were most suitable for identifying EULs from different geographical origins. The accuracy rates of calibration and validation set were 92.

Conical nanofluidic channel for selective quantitation of melamine in combination with β-cyclodextrin and a single-walled carbon nanotube.

Amine group-bearing small molecules tend to adsorb onto the nanochannel surfaces, which degrades the efficiency of nanochannel sensors. In this study, we utilized host-guest knowledge to eliminate the influence of excessive small molecules. In combination with single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) provided an excellent sensing performance for the conical nanochannel coated with polyethyleneimine (PEI) and zirconium ion (Zr).

fabrication of a direct -scheme photocatalyst by immobilizing CdS quantum dots in the channels of graphene-hybridized and supported mesoporous titanium nanocrystals for high photocatalytic performance under visible light.

We report the considerable advantages of direct -scheme photocatalysts by immobilizing high-quality CdS quantum dots (QDs) in the channels of graphene-hybridized and supported mesoporous titania (GMT) nanocrystals (CdS@GMT/GR) under facile hydrothermal conditions. The photocatalysts have been characterized by XRD, PL, XPS, SEM, DRS, TEM, EIS, and N adsorption. CdS QDs primarily serve as photosensitizers with a unique pore-embedded structure for the effective utilization of the light source.

Edge Defect Engineering of Nitrogen-Doped Carbon for Oxygen Electrocatalysts in Zn-Air Batteries.

Metal-free bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts are extremely critical to the advanced energy conversion devices, such as high energy metal-air batteries. Effective tuning of edge defects and electronic density on carbon materials via simple methods is especially attractive. In this work, a facile alkali activation method has been proposed to prepare carbon with large specific surface area and optimized porosity.

Photodecolorization of Rhodamine B on tungsten-doped TiO2/activated carbon under visible-light irradiation.

Tungsten-doped TiO(2)/activated carbon catalysts have been prepared by a supercritical-pretreatment-assisted sol-gel process. The structural features of the photocatalysts have been investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV/Vis diffuse-reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), electron dispersive X-ray (EDX), photoluminescence spectroscopy, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis. The results revealed that a W-TiO(2) layer was coated on the AC surface, and had higher surface area and smaller crystallite size than TiO(2)/AC obtained by a similar route.

Activated carbon supported TiO2-photocatalysis doped with Fe ions for continuous treatment of dye wastewater in a dynamic reactor.

Fe-doped TiO2 coated on activated carbon (Fe-TiO2/AC, FTA) composites were prepared by an improved sol-gel method and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and BET surface area analysis. Obtained FTA composites were applied to the continuous treatment of dye wastewater in a dynamic reactor. The effects of Fe ion content, catalyst content, UV-lamp power and flowrate of the continuous treatment of dye wastewater on degradation efficiency were analyzed to determine the optimum operating conditions of dye wastewater degradation.

Variation in IGHMBP2 is not associated with IgA nephropathy in independent studies of UK Caucasian and Chinese Han patients.

Background: IgA nephropathy is a major cause of end-stage renal disease worldwide. Its aetiology is poorly understood but there is good evidence for a major genetic component, although to date, no gene has been conclusively identified. We describe a new UK multicentre DNA collection assembled to investigate this.

TRAC variants associate with IgA nephropathy.

The T cell receptor alpha constant gene (TRAC) encodes the constant region of the alpha chain for the T cell receptor, and the association of its gene variants with IgA nephropathy remains controversial. The authors resequenced the gene in 100 patients with IgA nephropathy and 100 controls, tested its linkage disequilibrium pattern, constructed haplotypes, and performed association and functional studies. First, the association between TRAC variants and IgA nephropathy was tested in 704 patients and 704 controls.

Inactivated properties of activated carbon-supported TiO2 nanoparticles for bacteria and kinetic study.

The activated carbon-supported TiO2 nanoparticles (TiO2/AC) were prepared by a properly controlled sol-gel method. The effects of activated carbons (AC) support on inactivated properties of TiO2 nanoparticles were evaluated by photocatalytic inactivation experiments of Escherichia coli. The key factors affecting the inactivation efficiency were investigated, including electric power of lamp, temperature, and pH values.

Targeting the CD134-CD134L interaction using anti-CD134 and/or rhCD134 fusion protein as a possible strategy to prevent lupus nephritis.

Lupus nephritis (LN) is characterized by an increased upregulation of Th1. This study was undertaken to evaluate the role of CD134 in cytokine production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from subjects with LN. Percentages of IFN-gamma- (Th1), IL-4-, and IL-10- (Th2) producing cells within the PBMC CD4+ T cell population of LN subjects were found to be higher than those of healthy subjects.

Effect of anti-CD134L mAb and CTLA4Ig on ConA-induced proliferation, Th cytokine secretion, and anti-dsDNA antibody production in spleen cells from lupus-prone BXSB mice.

We sought to evaluate the effects of combined downregulation of CD134 and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4) on the autoimmune process of lupus. Concanavalin A (ConA)-induced proliferation, T helper cell cytokine secretion, and anti-double stranded DNA (dsDNA) antibody production were measured in cultures of splenic lymphocytes derived from lupus-prone BXSB mice. Splenocytes from six prednisone-treated and six untreated male lupus-prone BXSB mice, as well as from six syngeneically normal C57BL/6 male mice, were stimulated with ConA.