Human Adipose Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes: A Key Player in Wound Healing.

Background: Human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs) are an attractive resource for wound healing because their regenerative capacity improves injury repair. Recently, stem cell-derived exosomes have been shown to play a positive role in stem cell-based therapies. However, the effects of exosomes derived from AMSCs (AEXOs) on wound healing are unclear.

Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promote M2 Macrophage Phenotype through Exosomes.

Accumulating evidence has shown that the paracrine factors derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are capable of regulating the immune system via interaction with various immune cells. In this study, adipose-derived MSCs (AdMSCs) and human peripheral blood monocytes (PBMCs) were isolated and cultured to examine the effects of MSC-induced macrophages (iM) on inflammation and immune modulation. Indirect coculture with MSCs increased the expression of arginase-1 and mannose receptor (CD206), markers of activated M2 macrophages, in the PBMCs demonstrating that MSC-secreted factors promoted M2-M polarization.

The cryptochrome inhibitor KS15 enhances E-box-mediated transcription by disrupting the feedback action of a circadian transcription-repressor complex.

Aims: We have previously identified a chemical scaffold possessing 2-ethoxypropanoic acid (designated as KS15) that directly binds to the C-terminal region of cryptochromes (CRYs: CRY1 and CRY2) and enhances E-box-mediated transcription. However, it is still unclear how KS15 impairs the feedback actions of the CRYs and which chemical moieties are functionally important for its actions.

Main Methods: The E-box-mediated transcriptional activities were mainly used to examine the effects of KS15 and its derivatives.

Poly-L-lysine Prevents Senescence and Augments Growth in Culturing Mesenchymal Stem Cells Ex Vivo.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess great therapeutic potential. Efficient in vitro expansion of MSCs is however necessary for their clinical application. The extracellular matrix (ECM) provides structural and biochemical support to the surrounding cells, and it has been used as a coating substrate for cell culture.

Comparison of molecular profiles of human mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow, umbilical cord blood, placenta and adipose tissue.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are clinically useful due to their capacity for self-renewal, their immunomodulatory properties and tissue regenerative potential. These cells can be isolated from various tissues and exhibit different potential for clinical applications according to their origin, and thus comparative studies on MSCs from different tissues are essential. In this study, we investigated the immunophenotype, proliferative potential, multilineage differentiation and immunomodulatory capacity of MSCs derived from different tissue sources, namely bone marrow, adipose tissue, the placenta and umbilical cord blood.

Sulforaphane-PLGA microspheres for the intra-articular treatment of osteoarthritis.

Sulforaphane (SFN) is a member of the isothiocyanate family that has anti-inflammatory action as well as anti-carcinogenic properties. The authors have devised an intra-articular injectable SFN-PLGA microsphere system that can be used for treating osteoarthritis (OA). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of the SFN-PLGA microsphere system.

Noninvasive photodetachment of stem cells on tunable conductive polymer nano thin films: selective harvesting and preserved differentiation capacity.

Viable mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were efficiently and selectively harvested by near-infrared (NIR) light using the photothermal effect of a conductive polymer nano thin film. The poly(3,4-ethylenedioxy thiophene) (PEDOT)-coated cell culture surfaces were prepared via a simple and fast solution-casting polymerization (SCP) technique. The absorption of PEDOT thin films in the NIR region was effectively triggered cell harvesting upon exposure to an NIR source.

Epigenetics in osteoarthritis and its implication for future therapeutics.

Introduction: Changes occurring in the chondrocyte gene that control articular cartilage are important for the onset and progression of osteoarthritis (OA). However, actual development of the disease may be also controlled by changes in epigenome.

Areas Covered: Topics include the association of the three components of epigenetic modification, i.

Duration of in vitro storage affects the key stem cell features of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells for clinical transplantation.

Background Aims: Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have the ability to self-renew and differentiate into various cell types. Their plasticity and easy availability make them promising candidates for regenerative medicine. However, for successful clinical application, MSCs need to be expanded under a Good Manufacturing Practices-compliant system to obtain a large quantity of these cells.

Comparison of endothelial progenitor cells in Parkinson's disease patients treated with levodopa and levodopa/COMT inhibitor.

Background: Levodopa treatment in Parkinson's disease (PD) increases in serum homocysteine levels due to its metabolism via catechol O-methyltransferase. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have the capacity to differentiate into mature endothelial cells and are markers for endothelial functions and cardiovascular risks. Along with traditional vascular risk factors, hyperhomocysteinemia is known to decrease the level of EPCs.

Monocyte enrichment from leukapheresis products by using the Elutra cell separator.

Background: Dendritic cells (DCs), used in clinical trials for cancer immunotherapy, require processing on an expanded scale to conform to current good manufacturing practice guidelines. This study evaluated a large-scale monocyte enrichment procedure with a commercially available cell separator (Elutra, Gambro BCT) and analyzed the capacity of enriched monocytes to differentiate into DCs.

Study Design And Methods: Mononuclear cells were collected in two patients with malignant melanoma and seven healthy donors by leukapheresis.

Analysis of gene expression profiles of hepatocellular carcinomas with regard to 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake pattern on positron emission tomography.

Purpose: 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake on positron emission tomography (PET) scan has been found to reflect tumour aggressiveness and prognosis in various types of cancer. In this study, the gene expression profiles of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) were evaluated to determine whether HCCs with high 18F-FDG uptake have more aggressive biological potential than those with low uptake.

Methods: Surgical specimens were obtained from ten patients with HCC (six males and four females, age range 38-68 years).