Effects of Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation on Cortical Excitability in Healthy Adults.

Objective: Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has recently been reported to exert additional benefits for functional recovery in patients with brain injury. However, the mechanisms underlying these effects have not yet been elucidated. This study examined the effects of transcutaneous auricular VNS (taVNS) on cortical excitability in healthy adults.

Latent diffusion model-based MRI superresolution enhances mild cognitive impairment prognostication and Alzheimer's disease classification.

Introduction: Timely diagnosis and prognostication of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are pivotal for effective intervention. Artificial intelligence (AI) in neuroradiology may aid in such appropriate diagnosis and prognostication. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of novel diffusion model-based AI for enhancing AD and MCI diagnosis through superresolution (SR) of brain magnetic resonance (MR) images.

Design and validation of a wearable dynamometry system for knee extension-flexion torque measurement.

Muscle strength assessments are vital in rehabilitation, orthopedics, and sports medicine. However, current methods used in clinical settings, such as manual muscle testing and hand-held dynamometers, often lack reliability, and isokinetic dynamometers (IKD), while reliable, are not easily portable. The aim of this study was to design and validate a wearable dynamometry system with high accessibility, accuracy, and reliability, and to validate the device.

A portable articulated dynamometer for ankle dorsiflexion and plantar flexion strength measurement: a design, validation, and user experience study.

Monitoring ankle strength is crucial for assessing daily activities, functional ability, and preventing lower extremity injuries. However, the current methods for measuring ankle strength are often unreliable or not easily portable to be used in clinical settings. Therefore, this study proposes a portable dynamometer with high reliability capable of measuring ankle dorsiflexion and plantar flexion.

Development and validation of a portable articulated dynamometry system to assess knee extensor muscle strength.

Muscle strength assessment is important in predicting clinical and functional outcomes in many disorders. Manual muscle testing, although commonly used, offers suboptimal accuracy and reliability. Isokinetic dynamometers (IKDs) have excellent accuracy and reliability; but are bulky and expensive, offering limited accessibility.

Evaluating diagnostic content of AI-generated chest radiography: A multi-center visual Turing test.

Background: Accurate interpretation of chest radiographs requires years of medical training, and many countries face a shortage of medical professionals to meet such requirements. Recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) have aided diagnoses; however, their performance is often limited due to data imbalance. The aim of this study was to augment imbalanced medical data using generative adversarial networks (GANs) and evaluate the clinical quality of the generated images via a multi-center visual Turing test.

Development and Validation of a New Scale to Assess Attitudes and Perspectives Toward Persons With Disabilities.

Objective: To develop and validate a scale to assess people's attitudes and perspectives toward persons with disabilities.

Methods: The three-stage development of the scale included a preliminary version drafted from the literature review and a nominal group process. Thereafter, the draft was examined further and revised through two rounds of Delphi survey by 16 disability experts.

Spasticity and preservation of skeletal muscle mass in people with spinal cord injury.

Study Design: Cross-sectional OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between skeletal muscle mass and spasticity in people with spinal cord injury (SCI).

Setting: Tertiary level hospital in Seoul, Korea METHODS: Spasticity was evaluated in 69 participants with SCI using the spasticity sum score (SSS), Penn Spasm Frequency Scale (PSFS), and Spinal Cord Assessment Tool for Spastic Reflexes (SCATS). Skeletal muscle mass was measured using a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scanner, and skeletal muscle index was calculated by dividing skeletal muscle mass by height squared.