The Changes in Concentration of Cerebral Oxygenated Hemoglobin During Single Event-Related Japanese Shiritori Task in Patients With Major Depression Disorder: Comparison With Healthy Subjects.

Patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) have been reported to show cognitive impairments in attention, cognition control, and motivation. The purpose of this study is to compare and examine the characteristics of frontal and temporal cortical activity in outpatients with MDD during the word production task (Shiritori) using a single event-related Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) measurement method that was originally devised. The subjects were 29 MDD patients and 29 age matched healthy controls.

Characteristics of oxygenated hemoglobin concentration change during pleasant and unpleasant image-recall tasks in patients with depression: Comparison with healthy subjects.

Aim: Patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) have been reported to show cognitive impairment in attention, cognition control, and motivation. The prefrontal cortex plays an important role in the pathophysiology of depression. Neurophysiological abnormalities have been examined in MDD patients by several neuroimaging studies.

Comparison of changes in oxygenated hemoglobin during the tree-drawing task between patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls.

Background: Tree-drawing test is used as a projective psychological test that expresses the abnormal internal experience in patients with schizophrenia (SZ). Despite the widely accepted view that the cognitive function is involved in characteristic tree-drawing in patients with SZ, no study has psychophysiologically examined it. The present study aimed to investigate the involvement of cognitive function during tree-drawing in patients with SZ.

Comparison of changes in the oxygenated hemoglobin level during a 'modified rock-paper-scissors task' between healthy subjects and patients with schizophrenia.

Aim: The purpose of this study, using single-event-related near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), was to examine the psychophysiological and social function assessment of 30 schizophrenic patients during a modified rock-paper-scissors task.

Methods: We set up a screen in front of the subjects, on which pictures of hand-gestures for rock, paper, and scissors were randomly presented. Subjects were asked to give verbal answers under the conditions of win, lose, and draw, respectively.

[Characteristics of single event-related cerebral hemodynamics during verbal task in emotionally charged state measured by multi-channel near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in patients with schizophrenia: comparison with healthy subjects].

Neared infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is one of the recently developed methodologies which can measure cerebral blood volumes to determine the blood hemoglobin (Hb) concentration simultaneously at multiple points with marked time resolution. Monitoring the changes in the Hb concentration yields site-specific readings on blood flow and, thus, on neural activities. The aim of this study was to examine the characteristics of a single event-related oxyhemoglobin concentration [oxy-Hb] changes in patients with schizophrenia using multi-channel NIRS during a word generation task, Japanese 'Shiritori', and single-word generation task in an emotionally charged state induced by three facial expressions of "crying", "neutral", and "smiling" babies' photographs.

Impaired exploratory eye movements in children with Asperger's syndrome.

Objective: Previous eye-tracking studies using an eye mark recorder have reported that disturbances in exploratory eye movements in adult schizophrenic patients are associated with social functioning. The current study sought to determine whether exploratory eye-movement disturbances are present in children with Asperger's syndrome (AS) compared with typically developing (TD) children. MATERIALS/PARTICIPANTS: The participants were 23 children with AS and 23 age-matched TD children.

Left eye scanning deficit in schizophrenia patients under emotional loading task: comparison with healthy controls.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate and characterize visual cognitive function and the effect of emotion in patients with schizophrenia.We recorded exploratory eye movements as biologic markers in 40 schizophrenic patients and 40 age-matched healthy controls. Total eye scanning length (TESL), total number of gaze points (TNGP), and TNGP in right (right TNGP) and left (left TNGP) visual fields on screen were calculated as subjects viewed affectively charged pictures (smiling and crying babies) with fitting sounds.

Changes in task-associated cerebral blood induced by role lettering: measurement by multichannel near-infrared spectroscopy.

Using optical topography (near-infrared spectroscopy: NIRS), relative changes in oxidized hemoglobin (oxy-Hb) were measured before and after the introduction of Role lettering. Tasks performed during measurements included antegrade (from the subject to other persons) and retrograde (from other persons to the subject) mental imaging and writing tasks. All subjects were junior high school students.

Characteristics of exploratory eye movements in elderly people: possibility of early diagnosis of dementia.

Background: Visual cognitive dysfunction is one of the most important signs indicating the early stage of dementia. Thus, visual testing could be used as an aid to the clinical diagnosis of dementia. In the present study, exploratory eye movement was measured to evaluate visual cognitive function in elderly subjects, including those with dementia.

[Development of human visual cognitive function in childhood: evaluation by exploratory eye movements to a picture of a smiling face].

To evaluate the development of human visual cognitive function in childhood, we examined exploratory eye movements in 78 healthy subjects using affective pictures. We divided them into six groups, each of which comprised 14 subjects (7 boys or men, 7 girls or women) at the indicated ages. Exploratory eye movements were recorded via gazing points using an eye-mark recorder.

Effects of emotionally charged sounds in schizophrenia patients using exploratory eye movements: comparison with healthy subjects.

Aims: Emotion-associated sounds have been suggested to exert important effects upon human personal relationships. The present study was aimed to characterize the effects of the sounds of crying or laughing on visual cognitive function in schizophrenia patients.

Methods: We recorded exploratory eye movements in 24 schizophrenia patients (mean age, 27.

Developmental characteristics of visual cognitive function during childhood according to exploratory eye movements.

To evaluate the development of visual cognitive function in childhood, we examined exploratory eye movements in 84 healthy subjects viewing picture-based stimuli. Age-defined groups included 4- to 6-year-olds, 7-year-olds, 10-year-olds, 14-year-olds, 16-year-olds, and adults. In each group, 7 subjects were male and 7 were female.