Microbial influence on the larval survival of Japanese eel Anguilla japonica: Antibiotic-mediated alterations and biomarker isolation.

In rearing systems for the Japanese eel Anguilla japonica, although it is assumed that microorganisms influence larval survival and mortality, particularly during the early stages of growth, the effects of bacterial communities on larval survival have yet to be sufficiently determined. In this study, we compared the bacterial communities associated with larval survival at three stages of eel growth. To artificially alter bacterial communities and assess larval survival, eel larvae were treated with 11 types of antibiotic, and larval survival and bacterial characteristics were compared between the antibiotic-treated and antibiotic-free control groups.

Effects of Hyphomonas Strains on the Growth of Red Algae Pyropia Species by Attaching Specifically to Their Rhizoids.

Bacteria and marine macroalgae form close associations, while various bacteria affect the morphogenesis and growth of macroalgae. Hyphomonas strains exhibit normal morphogenetic activity in protoplasts of the red alga Pyropia yezoensis (nori). However, the effects of the bacteria on the growth of Pyropia from protoplast cells to regenerated thalli remain unknown.

Sulfitobacter pacificus sp. nov., isolated from the red alga Pyropia yezoensis.

Three Gram-negative, aerobic, halophilic bacterial strains, SCM2-10(T), SCM-4, and 14C-6, were isolated from the algal medium of the red alga Pyropia yezoensis (previously classified as Porphyra yezoensis) grown in laboratory experiments. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the organisms with high similarities to the three isolates are Sulfitobacter geojensis MM-124(T) (98.7%), Sulfitobacter noctilucicola NB-77(T) (98.

Isolation of hyphomonas strains that induce normal morphogenesis in protoplasts of the marine red alga Pyropia yezoensis.

Marine macroalgae cannot develop normal morphology under axenic conditions although normal morphogenesis can be sustained when certain bacteria are present. In this study, bacteria that induced normal morphogenesis in the red alga Pyropia yezoensis (Nori) were identified. The bacteria were isolated from algal media, thalli, tissue debris, and purified protoplasts during protoplast isolation from P.

Sulfitobacter porphyrae sp. nov., isolated from the red alga Porphyra yezoensis.

Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, halophilic bacteria, designated SCM-1(T), LCM10-1 and CTBL-B-147, were isolated from modified half-strength SWM-III medium, PES medium and thalli after laboratory cultivation of a red alga, Porphyra yezoensis. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the new isolates were affiliated to the genus Sulfitobacter of the class Alphaproteobacteria, and the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of the new isolates with the closest related species, Sulfitobacter mediterraneus CH-B427(T), was 98.8%.

Streptomyces abietis sp. nov., a cellulolytic bacterium isolated from soil of a pine forest.

Cellulolytic bacteria A191(T), A192 and A193 isolated from the soil of Sakhalin fir forest in Hokkaido, Japan were studied phenotypically, genotypically and phylogenetically. Analysis of their 16S rRNA gene and gyrB sequences and DNA base composition suggested that these isolates were conspecific and members of the genus Streptomyces. However, levels of 16S rRNA gene and gyrB sequence similarity between the isolates and the type strains of their closest relatives in the genus Streptomyces were no higher than 97.

Draft Genome Sequence of Agarivorans albus Strain MKT 106T, an Agarolytic Marine Bacterium.

Agarivorans albus is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, and agar-hydrolyzing marine bacterium. We present the draft genome sequence of the A. albus strain MKT 106(T), which is composed of 67 contigs (>500 bp) totaling 4,734,285 bp and containing 4,397 coding DNA sequences (CDSs), four rRNAs, and 64 tRNA sequences.

Algimonas ampicilliniresistens sp. nov., isolated from the red alga Porphyra yezoensis, and emended description of the genus Algimonas.

Three strains (14A-2-7(T), 14A-3-1 and 14A-3) of Gram-stain-negative, prosthecate, motile bacteria were isolated from an algal medium supplemented with 10 mg ampicillin l(-1) (w/v), in which the red alga Porphyra yezoensis had been cultured. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the three isolates formed a cluster with the genus Algimonas of the family Hyphomonadaceae. The sequences of the three isolates had high similarity with those of Algimonas porphyrae 0C-2-2(T) (97.

Bacterial communities in fish sauce mash using culture-dependent and -independent methods.

In fish sauce production, microorganisms are associated with the fermentation process; however, the sequential changes in the bacterial communities have never been examined throughout the period of fermentation. In this study, we determined the bacterial floras in a fish sauce mash over 8 months, using three different culture media and 16S rRNA gene clone library analysis. During the first 4 weeks, viable counts of non-halophilic and halophilic bacteria decreased and were dominated by Staphylococcus species.

Polaribacter porphyrae sp. nov., isolated from the red alga Porphyra yezoensis, and emended descriptions of the genus Polaribacter and two Polaribacter species.

Three Gram-negative, non-motile, strictly aerobic strains, designated LNM-20(T), LCM-1 and LAM-13, were isolated from thalli of the marine red alga Porphyra yezoensis. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the isolates were associated with the genus Polaribacter in the family Flavobacteriaceae and were most closely related to Polaribacter dokdonensis DSW-5(T) (96.2 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Polaribacter gangjinensis K17-16(T) (95.

Algimonas porphyrae gen. nov., sp. nov., a member of the family Hyphomonadaceae, isolated from the red alga Porphyra yezoensis.

Three Gram-negative, stalked, motile bacteria, designated 0C-2-2(T), 0C-17 and LNM-3, were isolated from the red alga Porphyra yezoensis. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that the three novel strains belonged to the family Hyphomonadaceae, and were closely related to Litorimonas taeanensis G5(T) (96.5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Hellea balneolensis 26III/A02/215(T) (94.

Vibrio jasicida sp. nov., a member of the Harveyi clade, isolated from marine animals (packhorse lobster, abalone and Atlantic salmon).

Six isolates of a facultatively anaerobic bacterium were recovered in culture from marine invertebrates and vertebrates, including packhorse lobster (Jasus verreauxi), abalone (Haliotis sp.) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), between 1994 and 2002. The bacteria were Gram-negative, rod-shaped and motile by means of more than one polar flagellum, oxidase-positive, catalase-positive and able to grow in the presence of 0.

Maritalea porphyrae sp. nov., isolated from a red alga (Porphyra yezoensis), and transfer of Zhangella mobilis to Maritalea mobilis comb. nov.

Three Gram-negative, motile, aerobic bacteria were isolated from cultures of the marine red alga Porphyra yezoensis. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the novel strains were closely related to Maritalea myrionectae CL-SK30(T) (97.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Zhangella mobilis E6(T) (96.

Paenibacillus phoenicis sp. nov., isolated from the Phoenix Lander assembly facility and a subsurface molybdenum mine.

A novel Gram-positive, motile, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium was isolated from the NASA Phoenix Lander assembly clean room that exhibits 100 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to two strains isolated from a deep subsurface environment. All strains are rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacteria, whose endospores are resistant to UV radiation up to 500 J m(-2). A polyphasic taxonomic study including traditional phenotypic tests, fatty acid analysis, 16S rRNA gene sequencing and DNA-DNA hybridization analysis was performed to characterize these novel strains.

Environmental determinants correlated to Vibrio harveyi-mediated death of marine gastropods.

Vibrio harveyi is an emerging pathogen that causes mass mortality in a wide variety of marine animal species; however, it is still unclear which environmental determinants correlate V. harveyi dynamics and the bacterium-mediated death of marine animal life. We conducted a correlation analysis over a 5-year period (2003-2007) analysing the following data: V.

Mutation is the Main Driving Force in the Diversification of the Vibrio splendidus Clade.

The Vibrio splendidus clade is the biggest in Vibrionales composed of 11 described species (25). Diversification of these species may have occurred 260 million years ago. The main driving forces of speciation in this clade have never been studied.

Vibrio porteresiae sp. nov., a diazotrophic bacterium isolated from a mangrove-associated wild rice (Porteresia coarctata Tateoka).

Two facultatively anaerobic, nitrogen-fixing bacteria (strains MSSRF30(T) and MSSRF31) were isolated from a mangrove-associated wild rice (Porteresia coarctata Tateoka). These strains were determined to be nitrogen-fixers using the acetylene reduction assay and by PCR detection of a nifH gene amplicon. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the novel strains were most closely related to Vibrio fluvialis LMG 7894(T) (96.

Rapid Detection of Vibrio harveyi in Seawater by Real-Time PCR.

Vibrio harveyi cause mass mortalities of cultured marine fish. To address the ecology of V. harveyi in aquaculture, intensive monitoring is needed.

Vibrio neonatus sp. nov. and Vibrio ezurae sp. nov. isolated from the gut of Japanese abalones.

Five alginolytic, facultative anaerobic, non-motile bacteria were isolated from the gut of Japanese abalones (Haliotis discus discus, H. diversicolor diversicolor and H. diversicolor aquatilis).