Processing of corn-based dog foods through pelleting, baking and extrusion and their effect on apparent total tract digestibility and colonic health of adult dogs.

Different food processing parameters may alter starch granule structure and its cooking degree. With lower thermomechanical energy, more resistant starch (RS) is retained in the food, which may benefit gastrointestinal (GI) health. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of food processing on dietary utilization and dog gut health.

Emergence of aac(6')-Ie-aph(2'')-Ia-positive enterococci with non-high-level gentamicin resistance mediated by IS1216V: adaptation to decreased aminoglycoside usage in Taiwan.

Objectives: To explore the mechanisms mediating the different levels of gentamicin resistance in enterococci.

Methods: Susceptibility testing with gentamicin and PCR of resistance determinants were performed in 149 enterococcal isolates. Genetic relatedness was characterized by MLST and PFGE analysis.

A Possible Role of Insertion Sequence IS in Dissemination of Multidrug-Resistant Elements MES and MES between and ST59 .

Sequence type 59 (ST59) is the dominant type of community-associated methicillin-resistant (MRSA) in Taiwan. Previously, we reported that ST59 MRSA harbors enterococcal IS-mediated multidrug-resistant composite transposons MES or MES. The MES were found to have a mosaic structure, largely originating in enterococci and partly native to .

Tracking the evolution of the two successful CC59 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clones in Taiwan: the divergence time of the two clades is estimated to be the 1980s.

Clonal complex 59 (CC59) is the dominant community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strain in Taiwan and includes the Asian-Pacific clone with Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL)-negative/staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) IVg and the Taiwan clone characterised as PVL-positive/SCCmec V (5C2&5). Nevertheless, data on the evolutionary history of the two dominant CC59 MRSA clones in Taiwan are scarce. In this study, a total of 258 CC59 S.