RNF13 protects neurons against ischemia-reperfusion injury via stabilizing p62-mediated Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.

Background: Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CIRI), a common, universal clinical problem that costs a large proportion of the economic and disease burden. Identifying the key regulators of cerebral I/R injury could provide potential strategies for clinically improving the prognosis of stroke. Ring finger protein 13 (RNF13) has been proven to be involved in the inflammatory response.

Endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach improves endocrine function and surgical outcome in primary craniopharyngioma resection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Craniopharyngiomas (CPs) are generally derived from the craniopharyngeal duct epithelium, accounting for 38% and 24.5% of mortality in pediatric and adult patients, respectively. At present, the widespread application of the endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach (EEA) has led to controversy between the traditional microscopic transcranial approach (TCA) and EEA in relation to the surgical management of CPs.

Ductal Hyperkeratinization and Acinar Renewal Abnormality: New Concepts on Pathogenesis of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction.

Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is a functional and morphological disorder of the meibomian glands which results in qualitative or quantitative alteration in meibum secretion and is the major cause of evaporative dry eye (EDE). EDE is often characterized by tear film instability, increased evaporation, hyperosmolarity, inflammation, and ocular surface disorder. The precise pathogenesis of MGD remains elusive.

Botulinum Neurotoxin Type a Injection Combined with Absorbable Punctal Plug Insertion: An Effective Therapy for Blepharospasm Patients with Dry Eye.

Blepharospasm patients often have dry eye manifestations. Botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT-A) injection has been the main management for blepharospasm and absorbable punctal plug (APP) insertion is shown to be effective in the treatment of dry eye. However, there have been no studies investigating the combined treatment of BoNT-A and APP in blepharospasm patients with dry eye.

Clinical Outcomes of Transcranial and Endoscopic Endonasal Surgery for Craniopharyngiomas: A Single-Institution Experience.

Objective: Craniopharyngioma has always been a challenge for the neurosurgeon, and there is no consensus on optimal treatment. The objective of this study was to compare surgical outcomes and complications between transcranial surgery (TCS) and endoscopic endonasal surgery (EES) of craniopharyngiomas.

Methods: A retrospective review of patients who underwent craniopharyngioma resection at Wuhan Union Hospital between January 2010 and December 2019 was performed.

Clinical manifestations and evidence of neurological involvement in 2019 novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global pandemic, affecting millions of people. However, clinical research on its neurological manifestations is thus far limited. In this study, we aimed to systematically collect and investigate the clinical manifestations and evidence of neurological involvement in COVID-19.

1-Deoxynojirimycin and its Derivatives: A Mini Review of the Literature.

1-Deoxynojirimycin (1-DNJ) is a naturally occurring sugar analogue with unique bioactivities. It is found in mulberry leaves and silkworms, as well as in the metabolites of certain microorganisms, including Streptomyces and Bacillus. 1-DNJ is a potent α-glucosidase inhibitor and it possesses anti-hyperglycemic, anti-obese, anti-viral and anti-tumor properties.

Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's Disease: Microglia, Molecular Participants and Therapeutic Choices.

Alzheimer's disease is the world's most common dementing illness. It is pathologically characterized by β-amyloid accumulation, extracellular senile plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles formation, and neuronal necrosis and apoptosis. Neuroinflammation has been widely recognized as a crucial process that participates in AD pathogenesis.

Portrait of glial scar in neurological diseases.

Fibrosis is formed after injury in most of the organs as a common and complex response that profoundly affects regeneration of damaged tissue. In central nervous system (CNS), glial scar grows as a major physical and chemical barrier against regeneration of neurons as it forms dense isolation and creates an inhibitory environment, resulting in limitation of optimal neural function and permanent deficits of human body. In neurological damages, glial scar is mainly attributed to the activation of resident astrocytes which surrounds the lesion core and walls off intact neurons.

Surgical treatment of poor grade middle cerebral artery aneurysms associated with large sylvian hematomas following prophylactic hinged craniectomy.

The clinical characteristics of patients who presented in poor clinical grade due to ruptured middle cerebral artery aneurysms (MCAAs) associated with large sylvian hematomas (SylH) were analyzed and an ingenious designed prophylactic hinged craniectomy was introduced. Twenty-eight patients were graded into Hunt-Hess grades IV-V and emergency standard micro-neurosurgeries (aneurysm clipping, hematoma evacuation and prophylactic hinged craniectomy) were performed, and their clinical data were retrospectively analyzed. 46.

Pharmacokinetics and retinal toxicity of various doses of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide in rabbits.

Purpose: To compare the pharmacokinetics and retinal toxicity of various doses of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (TA) in rabbits.

Methods: The rabbits received intravitreal injections of 4 mg and 8 mg TA. The drug concentrations were determined with high-performance liquid chromatography after extraction from the vitreous at various time points.

Focal cerebral ischemia induces Alzheimer's disease-like pathological change in rats.

The changes in the tau protein phosphorylation and expression of bcl-2, and bax in rat parietal cortex neurons after focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) were explored, and the relationship between the tau protein phosphorylation and the expression of bax or apoptosis was clarified in order to elucidate the relationship between cerebral infarction and Alzheimer's disease. The rat focal cerebral I/R model was induced by occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery using the intraluminal suture method. The level of tau protein phosphorylation at Ser396, Ser404, Tyr231, Ser199/202 sites and the expression of bcl-2, bax and total tau 5 in rat parietal cortex during focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion were detected by Western blot.