Expert opinion on evidence after the 2020 Korean Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Guidelines: a secondary publication.

Considerable evidence has been published since the 2020 Korean Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Guidelines were reported. The International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR) also publishes the Consensus on CPR and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science with Treatment Recommendations (CoSTR) summary annually. This review provides expert opinions by reviewing the recent evidence on CPR and ILCOR treatment recommendations.

The interaction effect of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and dispatcher CPR on outcomes after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and dispatcher-assisted CPR (DA-CPR) on outcomes after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). We conducted a prospective observational study using the Korean Cardiac Arrest Research Consortium registry database and enrolled adults aged > 20 years who sustained OHCA. The study population comprised 13,864 patients from October 1, 2015, to June 30, 2021.

Association between hourly call volume in the emergency medical dispatch center and dispatcher-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation instruction time in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.

Objectives: Cardiac arrest recognition, ambulance dispatch and dispatcher-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation (DA-CPR) by emergency medical dispatch (EMD) are crucial for an optimal outcome of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). In EMD, crowding is caused by a mismatch between the number of emergency calls and the number of dispatchers available per shift. Crowding in the emergency department has been shown to decrease performance and outcomes; however, little is known about the effect of crowding in EMD.

Application of point-of-care ultrasound for different types of esophageal foreign bodies: three case reports: A CARE-compliant article.

Rationale: Esophageal point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) has recently been reported as a useful, quick, safe, and simple technique to detect esophageal foreign bodies (FBs). However, case series to detect esophageal FB using POCUS have been rarely reported. Chicken bones and pills, especially, have not yet been reported as esophageal FBs.

Neurological outcomes after an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest among people living in high-rise buildings in South Korea.

Objective: Living in high-rise buildings may cause delays in reaching a hospital after an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. This study aimed to compare neurological outcomes in people who had had an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, according to their floor of residence.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of 1541 patients aged ≥20 years who had out-of-hospital cardiac arrest between 1 October 2015 and 30 June 2018, using data from a central registry.

Interrater reliability of emergency physician-performed ultrasonography for diagnosing femoral, popliteal, and great saphenous vein thromboses compared to the criterion standard study by radiology.

Purpose: To assess the interrater reliability and test characteristics of lower limb sonographic examination for the diagnosis of deep venous and proximal great saphenous vein thrombosis when performed by Emergency Physicians (EPs) as compared to that by the Department of Radiology (Radiology). The secondary objective was to assess the effects of patient body mass index and EP satisfaction with bedside ultrasound on sensitivity and specificity.

Methods: A prospective study was conducted for patients with clinical suspicion for lower extremity thrombus.

Sonographic finding of a pulled elbow: the "hook sign".

Point-of-care ultrasound has become a useful clinical adjunct, especially in emergency medicine, because it is noninvasive, repeatable, and nonradiating. In cases of pulled elbow also known as nursemaid's elbow or radial head subluxation, diagnosis is usually performed clinically. However, there is the potential for a failed reduction or misdiagnosis.

Na+/HCO3- cotransporter immunoreactivity changes in neurons and expresses in astrocytes in the gerbil hippocampal CA1 region after ischemia/reperfusion.

The maintenance of intracellular pH is important in neuronal function. Na(+)/HCO(3)(-) cotransporter (NBC), a bicarbonate-dependent acid-base transport protein, may contribute to cellular acid-base homeostasis in pathophysiological processes. We examined the alterations of NBC immunoreactivity and its protein levels in the hippocampal CA1 region after transient cerebral ischemia in gerbils.

Ischemia-induced changes in glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor and neuroprotective effect of its agonist, exendin-4, in experimental transient cerebral ischemia.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) protects against neuronal damages in the brain. In the present study, ischemia-induced changes in GLP-1R immunoreactivity in the gerbil hippocampal CA1 region were evaluated after transient cerebral ischemia; in addition, the neuroprotective effect of the GLP-1R agonist exendin-4 (EX-4) against ischemic damage was studied. GLP-1R immunoreactivity and its protein levels in the ischemic CA1 region were highest at 1 day after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R).

Changes in corticosteroid hormone receptors in the ischemic gerbil hippocampal CA1 region following repeated restraint stress.

Restraint stress produces physiological changes including suppression of long-term potentiation in the brain. We observed the effects of repeated stress on ischemic damage associated with corticosteroid hormone receptors in gerbils. Animals were placed into restrainers for 5 h (between 09:30 h and 14:30 h) for 21 consecutive days prior to induction of transient cerebral ischemia.

Long-term changes in neuronal degeneration and microglial activation in the hippocampal CA1 region after experimental transient cerebral ischemic damage.

Delayed neuronal death following transient cerebral ischemia is mixed with apoptosis and necrosis, and the activation of microglia are activated after the ischemic insult. In the present study, we examined the long-term changes in neuronal degeneration and microglial activation in the gerbil hippocampal CA1 region after 5min of transient cerebral ischemia using specific markers for neuronal damage and microliosis. Transient ischemia-induced neuronal death was shown in CA1 pyramidal cells 4days after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R).

Rosiglitazone, an agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, decreases immunoreactivity of markers for cell proliferation and neuronal differentiation in the mouse hippocampus.

In the present study, we investigated the regulating effects of rosiglitazone (RSG), a synthetic agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, treatment for 28days on the cell proliferation and neuronal differentiation in the mouse hippocampal dentate gyrus by 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU), Ki67 and doublecortin (DCX) immunohistochemistry. These markers were detected in the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the dentate gyrus in vehicle- and RSG-treated groups. In the RSG-treated group, the number of BrdU-, Ki67- and DCX-immunoreactive cells was significantly decreased compared to those in the vehicle-treated group.