Iridium-catalyzed reductive sulfonamidation of alkoxy aryl alkynes.

Sulfonamides are valuable structural building blocks, bioactives, and pharmaceuticals. While there have been great achievements in the sulfonamidation of alkyl and alkenyl carbon, the sulfonamidation of alkynyl carbon has not been studied. Herein, we report the synthesis of -benzylated sulfonamides from alkoxy aryl alkynes and sulfonamides enabled by Ir-catalyzed reductive sulfonamidation using HCOH as a hydrogen donor.

Ir-catalyzed reductive amination and transfer hydrogenation of diketones: access to β- and γ-amino alcohols.

β- and γ-Amino alcohols are among the most significant structural motifs in pharmacologically active molecules and pharmaceuticals. Herein, a protocol for the construction of β- and γ-amino alcohols reductive amination and transfer hydrogenation of diketones with aromatic amines is described. This reaction is performed by utilizing iridium complexes as catalysts and HCOH as a hydrogen donor to deliver a library of β- and γ-amino alcohols under mild and operationally simple conditions.

TsOH-catalyzed dehydroxylative cross-coupling of alcohols with phenols: rapid access to propofol derivatives.

Modification of the parent structure of molecules often alters their physicochemical properties and biological activities. Herein, a practical, efficient, and highly regioselective C-H alkylation of phenols with alcohols dehydroxylative cross-coupling was developed to produce -alkylated phenols with excellent regioselectivities and yields, using which propofol derivatives were rapidly synthesized. This process is performed under mild and simple conditions and is well-compatible with a variety of alcohols (secondary and tertiary benzylic alcohols as well as allyl alcohols) as alkylated agents.

Prognostic Analysis and Biomarkers Identification of Immune Infiltration in Early and Late Stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma Based on TCGA Data.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major cause of cancer death in the world. The aim of this study was to establish a new model to predict the prognosis of HCC.

Materials And Methods: The mRNA, miRNA and lncRNA expression profiles of early (stage I-II) and late (stage III-IV) stage HCC patients were acquired from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database.

INDITTO2 transposon conveys auxin-mediated DRO1 transcription for rice drought avoidance.

Transposable elements exist widely throughout plant genomes and play important roles in plant evolution. Auxin is an important regulator that is traditionally associated with root development and drought stress adaptation. The DEEPER ROOTING 1 (DRO1) gene is a key component of rice drought avoidance.

A statistical model for estimating maternal-zygotic interactions and parent-of-origin effects of QTLs for seed development.

Proper development of a seed requires coordinated exchanges of signals among the three components that develop side by side in the seed. One of these is the maternal integument that encloses the other two zygotic components, i.e.

Identification of quantitative trait loci that affect endoreduplication in maize endosperm.

Endoreduplication in maize endosperm precedes the onset of starch and storage protein synthesis, and it is generally thought to influence grain filling. We created four backcross populations by reciprocally crossing the F(1) progeny of a cross between Sg18 and Mo17 to the parental inbreds, which differ in endoreduplication by two parameters--mean ploidy and percentage of endoreduplicated nuclei. This four-backcross design allowed us to estimate and test the additive and dominant genetic effects of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) affecting endoreduplication.

Fractionated extracts of Russian wheat aphid eliciting defense responses in wheat.

It is hypothesized that the interaction between aphids and plants follows a gene-for-gene model. The recent appearance of several new Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Kurdjumov) (Homoptera: Aphididae), biotypes in the United States and the differential response of wheat, Triticum aestivum L., genotypes containing different resistance genes also suggest a gene-for-gene interaction.

Microsatellites within genes: structure, function, and evolution.

Recently, increasingly more microsatellites, or simple sequence repeats (SSRs) have been found and characterized within protein-coding genes and their untranslated regions (UTRs). These data provide useful information to study possible SSR functions. Here, we review SSR distributions within expressed sequence tags (ESTs) and genes including protein-coding, 3'-UTRs and 5'-UTRs, and introns; and discuss the consequences of SSR repeat-number changes in those regions of both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

Domestication quantitative trait loci in Triticum dicoccoides, the progenitor of wheat.

Wild emmer wheat, Triticum dicoccoides, is the progenitor of modern tetraploid and hexaploid cultivated wheats. Our objective was to map domestication-related quantitative trait loci (QTL) in T. dicoccoides.

Mosaic microecological differential stress causes adaptive microsatellite divergence in wild barley, Hordeum spontaneum, at Neve Yaar, Israel.

Genetic diversity at 38 microsatellite (short sequence repeats (SSRs)) loci was studied in a sample of 54 plants representing a natural population of wild barley, Hordeum spontaneum, at the Neve Yaar microsite in Israel. Wild barley at the microsite was organized in a mosaic pattern over an area of 3180 m2 in the open Tabor oak forest, which was subdivided into four microniches: (i) sun-rock (11 genotypes), (ii) sun-soil (18 genotypes), (iii) shade-soil (11 genotypes), and (iv) shade-rock (14 genotypes). Fifty-four genotypes were tested for ecological-genetic microniche correlates.

Microsatellites: genomic distribution, putative functions and mutational mechanisms: a review.

Microsatellites, or tandem simple sequence repeats (SSR), are abundant across genomes and show high levels of polymorphism. SSR genetic and evolutionary mechanisms remain controversial. Here we attempt to summarize the available data related to SSR distribution in coding and noncoding regions of genomes and SSR functional importance.