Renal Impairment Caused by Statins in Rats Can Be Restored by Thymoquinone.

Background: Atorvastatin (ATO) is an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor used to lower blood cholesterol, but it causes renal injury in high doses. Thymoquinone (TQ), is a natural antioxidant that has been shown to protect the kidney through its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, & antiapoptotic, effects.

Objective: The current study aimed to investigate whether posttreatment TQ could reverse ATOinduced renal injury, and the possible mechanism of action by which TQ produced such an effect.

Correction: Amin et al. Hippocampal and Cerebellar Changes in Acute Restraint Stress and the Impact of Pretreatment with Ceftriaxone. 2020, , 193.

In the original publication [...

Hippocampal and Cerebellar Changes in Acute Restraint Stress and the Impact of Pretreatment with Ceftriaxone.

Acute restraint stress (ARS) is an unavoidable stress situation and may be encountered in different clinical situations. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of ARS on the hippocampus and cerebellum, assess the impact of these effects on the behavior and cognitive function, and determine whether pretreatment with ceftriaxone would attenuate the damages produced by ARS on the hippocampus and cerebellum. Four groups of male mice were included in this study: The control group, ARS group, ceftriaxone group, and ARS + ceftriaxone group.

Therapeutic role of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in diabetic neuronal alternations of rat hippocampus.

Background: As the hippocampus is the main brain region for many forms of learning and memory functions and is acutely sensitive to blood glucose changes, diabetes mellitus, which is a serious metabolic disease, is often accompanied by learning and memory deficits. Through scientific literatures, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) promote functional recovery in rats with traumatic brain injury, so the present work was conducted to study MSCs as a possible treatment for the diabetic neuronal degeneration and functional impairment of rat hippocampus.

Materials And Methods: It was carried out using male albino rats: non-diabetic control groups (4, 8, 12 weeks) (n = 15), diabetic groups by i.

Aging changes in the retina of male albino rat: a histological, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study.

Background: Degenerative changes caused by aging may affect the eye, especially the retina. Such changes occur as a part of normal physiological process and may be irreversible. The aim of the study was to demonstrate the influence of aging on the morphology of the retina to provide a basis to explain the pathogenesis of age-associated decline in visual acuity, scotopic and photopic sensitivity.

Incidence of variations in human cadaveric renal vessels.

Background: Awareness of discrepancies of renal vasculature is crucial for some medical procedures. The present study investigated origin and course of aberrant and accessory renal vessels and any associated variations.

Materials And Methods: Renal blood vessels of 63 cadavers were examined.

Does silybin protect against toxicity induced by polymyxin E in rat kidney?

Aims: Although once a common antibiotic, polymyxin E fell out of favor after reports of its nephrotoxicity. However, recent concerns with gram-negative bacteria, which are resistant to multiple antibiotics, have resulted in increased interest in polymyxin E. Silybin is a known antihepatotoxic drug and may have potential for protecting the kidney from polymyxin E.

Evaluation of multi-neuroprotective effects of erythropoietin using cisplatin induced peripheral neurotoxicity model.

Cisplatin (CDDP) is severely neurotoxic anti-neoplastic drug that causes peripheral neuropathies with clinical signs known as chemotherapy-induced peripheral neurotoxicity. The ameliorating effects of erythropoeitin on cisplatin-induced neuropathy, which seem to be mediated by enhancing the cell resistance to side effects of cisplatin rather than by influencing the formation or repair rates of cisplatin-induced cross-links in the nuclear DNA, had been previously reported. The main objective of our study is to investigate the roles of nitro-oxidative stress, nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) gene expressions and TNF levels on the previous reported erythropoietin anti-apoptotic neuroprotective effects during cisplatin induced neurotoxicity.

Effect of nicotine on spermatogenesis in adult albino rats.

This study aimed to assess the effects of nicotine on spermatogenesis in 140 mature male albino rats divided into group A (controls), group B (sham controls), group C (nicotine treated) and group D (nicotine withdrawal). Group C was subdivided into CI, CII, CIII according to the dose of injected nicotine (0.2, 0.

Variations in the structure of the prelunate gyrus in Old World monkeys.

Anatomical and electrophysiological studies have revealed a complex organization in the macaque prelunate gyrus. We investigated the morphology and architecture of the prelunate gyrus in Old World monkeys. In Macaca nemestrina, we observed a sulcus crossing the prelunate gyrus within 2 mm of the vertical meridian representation.

Vertical meridian representation on the prelunate gyrus in area V4 of macaque.

The representation of the lower quadrant in area V4 is presently thought to extend along the prelunate gyrus from a foveal representation laterally all the way to the dorsal end of the superior temporal sulcus. However, several studies suggest the possibility of a more complex organization. To see if the visuotopic organization on the crown of the gyrus was relatively homogeneous or instead contained inhomogeneities indicative of more complex organization, we recorded from a grid of points over the prelunate gyrus.

Effect of attentive fixation in macaque thalamus and cortex.

Attentional modulation of neuronal responsiveness is common in many areas of visual cortex. We examined whether attentional modulation in the visual thalamus was quantitatively similar to that in cortex. Identical procedures and apparatus were used to compare attentional modulation of single neurons in seven different areas of the visual system: the lateral geniculate, three visual subdivisions of the pulvinar [inferior, lateral, dorsomedial part of lateral pulvinar (Pdm)], and three areas of extrastriate cortex representing early, intermediate, and late stages of cortical processing (V2, V4/PM, area 7a).

Projections from the claustrum to the prelunate gyrus in the monkey.

In order to determine whether the cells in the monkey claustrum which project to visual area V4 are found in the same territory as cells projecting to other visual areas, we made injections of the retrograde fluorescent tracer diamidino yellow into area V4 in two monkeys. Injections of a second tracer, fast blue, were also made in area PM, an area just medial to area V4 on the prelunate gyrus, in one animal. Area V4 injections labeled cells in ventral claustrum over about 5-6 mm of its anterior-posterior extent.

Importance of phosphatidylethanolamine for association of protein kinase C and other cytoplasmic proteins with membranes.

Biological membranes exhibit an asymmetric distribution of phospholipids. Phosphatidylserine (PS) is an acidic phospholipid that is found almost entirely on the interior of the cell where it is important for interaction with many cellular components. A less well understood phenomenon is the asymmetry of the neutral phospholipids, where phosphatidylcholine (PC) is located primarily on exterior membranes while phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) is located primarily on interior membranes.

Induction of maternal behavior in rats: effects of pseudopregnancy termination and placenta-smeared pups.

The onset of maternal behavior in Long-Evans rats was examined after pseudopregnancy (PsP) termination, both with and without exogenous estrogen administration, and in response to either clean or placenta-smeared stimulus pups. Natural (spontaneous) PsP termination was as effective in hastening the onset of maternal behavior as ovariectomy plus estrogen injection. If clean foster pups were presented as soon as pseudopregnancy terminated (first proestrus or cornified smear), maternal behavior was exhibited within 2 days; placenta-smeared foster pups presented at the same time elicited maternal behavior within 2 hr.