Genotypic variants at 2q33 and risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in China: a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies.

Genome-wide association studies have identified susceptibility loci for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). We conducted a meta-analysis of all single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that showed nominally significant P-values in two previously published genome-wide scans that included a total of 2961 ESCC cases and 3400 controls. The meta-analysis revealed five SNPs at 2q33 with P< 5 × 10(-8), and the strongest signal was rs13016963, with a combined odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of 1.

Population-based study of DNA image cytometry as screening method for esophageal cancer.

Aim: To explore the DNA image cytometry (DNA-ICM) technique as a primary screening method for esophageal squamous precancerous lesions.

Methods: This study was designed as a population-based screening study. A total of 582 local residents aged 40 years-69 years were recruited from Linzhou in Henan and Feicheng in Shandong.

Pooled analysis of a self-sampling HPV DNA Test as a cervical cancer primary screening method.

Background: Worldwide, one-seventh of cervical cancers occur in China, which lacks a national screening program. By evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of self-collected cervicovaginal specimens tested for human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA (Self-HPV testing) in China, we sought to determine whether Self-HPV testing may serve as a primary cervical cancer screening method in low-resource settings.

Methods: We compiled individual patient data from five population-based cervical cancer-screening studies in China.

Analysis of the effectiveness of visual inspection with acetic acid/Lugol's iodine in one-time and annual follow-up screening in rural China.

Purpose: Via a large population-based survey conducted in rural, southwestern China, we aim to evaluate the effect of visual inspection with acetic acid/Lugol's iodine (VIA/VILI) on diagnosing cases of cervical cancer and of pre-cancerous lesions while exploring the mode of cervical prevention and control in low-resource settings in China.

Methods: Women aged 30-59 years from Chongqing, China were recruited from 2006 to 2009. Participants underwent VIA/VILI, and, if positive, received colposcopy-directed or random biopsies.

Fumonisin B1 and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in two Chinese cohorts.

Fumonisin B1 (FB1), a mycotoxin that contaminates corn in certain climates, has been demonstrated to cause hepatocellular cancer (HCC) in animal models. Whether a relationship between FB1 and HCC exists in humans is not known. To examine the hypothesis, we conducted case-control studies nested within two large cohorts in China; the Haimen City Cohort and the General Population Study of the Nutritional Intervention Trials cohort in Linxian.

Estimation of cancer incidence and mortality attributable to overweight, obesity, and physical inactivity in China.

The objective was to provide an evidence-based, systematic assessment of the burden of cancer due to overweight/obesity and physical inactivity in China. This study evaluated the proportion of cancers of colon, rectum, pancreas, breast (postmenopausal), endometrium, and kidney attributable to overweight [30 kg/m(2) > body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m(2))/obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m(2)) and physical inactivity in China in 2005. Data of prevalence of overweight/obesity and lack of physical activity were derived from cross-sectional surveys among representative samples of Chinese population, and data of relative risks on cancers were derived from meta-analyses or large-scale studies from China and East Asian populations.

Esophageal cancer mortality trends during the last 30 years in high risk areas in China: comparison of results from national death surveys conducted in the 1970's, 1990's and 2004-2005.

Background And Aims: China was one of the countries with the highest esophagus cancer (EC) mortality in the world during the 1970's. This report provides data on time trends of esophagus cancer mortality during the 1970's-21st century in high risk areas, considering the remarkable geographic variation of EC mortality in China. The aim was to explore changing trends of EC mortality during past 30 years, and provide basic information on prevention and control of EC in high risk areas in China.

Tuberculosis and oncogenic HPV: potential co-infections in women at high-risk of cervical cancer in rural China.

The study was embedded in Shanxi Province Cervical Cancer Screening Study II with the aim of examining the association between history of diagnosed tuberculosis or cervical inflammation and oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, persistent oncogenic HPV infection, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 or cervical cancer (CIN3+) in an isolated rural population of China. A total of 8,798 women were recruited for cervical cancer screening and an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Of the women in the study, 2.

Population-based human papillomavirus 16, 18, 6 and 11 DNA positivity and seropositivity in Chinese women.

To optimize HPV vaccination implementation at the population-level in China, data are needed on age-specific HPV 16, 18, 6 and 11 prevalence. This cross-sectional, population-based study evaluated the age- and type-specific HPV 16, 18, 6 and 11 prevalence of DNA and serum antibodies among women in China. From July 2006 to April 2007, 17-54 year old women from three rural provinces (Xinjiang, Shanxi and Henan) and two cities (Beijing and Shanghai) provided cervical exfoliated cells for HPV DNA and liquid-based cervical cytology (SurePath).

Comparative epidemiology of gastric cancer between Japan and China.

Aim: To clarify the similarities and differences in gastric cancer epidemiology between Japan and China.

Methods: A comprehensive literature search of the PubMed database was performed. The relevant literature published in China was also been cited.

[Analysis of sensitivity and specificity of sputum cytology screening for lung cancer with different positive criteria].

Objective: To discuss the effect of different positive criteria on the sensitivity and specificity of sputum cytology screening for lung cancer among Yunnan tin miners.

Methods: 9223 Yunnan tin miners who received at least one annual sputum cytology screening for lung cancer during the period between 1992 and 1999 were recruited in the study. At time of enrollment, all participants were aged over 40 years old, had at least 10 years of employment as an underground miner and(or) smelter, and had not been diagnosed with malignancy.

Attributable causes of lung cancer incidence and mortality in China.

The aims of our study were to estimate the contribution of known lung cancer risk factors, and provide evidence to support the National Cancer Prevention and Control Program in China. We calculated the proportion of lung cancer attributable to specific risk factors. Data on exposure prevalence were from meta-analyses and large-scale national surveys of representative samples of the Chinese population.

Attributable causes of cancer in china: fruit and vegetable.

Objective: To provide an evidence-based and consistent assessment of the burden of cancer attributable to inadequate fruit and vegetable intake in China in 2005.

Methods: The proportions of cancers attributable to low consumption of vegetable and fruit were calculated separately to estimate the burden of related cancers for the year 2005 in China. Data on the prevalence of exposure were derived from a Chinese nutrition and health survey.

Review of the cervical cancer disease burden in mainland China.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a common sexually transmitted infection (STI) worldwide. HPV may cause several reproductive tract diseases and cervical cancer is the most serious health problem due to persistent high risk HPV infection. Although cervical cancer showed a declining trend over the past three decades in China, it remains a major health problem in Chinese women especially women living in rural China.

A nation-wide multicenter 10-year (1999-2008) retrospective clinical epidemiological study of female breast cancer in China.

Background: According to the very limited cancer registry, incidence and mortality rates for female breast cancer in China are regarded to be increasing especially in the metropolitan areas. Representative data on the breast cancer profile of Chinese women and its time trend over years are relatively rare. The aims of the current study are to illustrate the breast cancer profile of Chinese women in time span and to explore the current treatment approaches to female breast cancer.

Comparison of ThinPrep and SurePath liquid-based cytology and subsequent human papillomavirus DNA testing in China.

Background: Liquid-based cytology (LBC) has been compared with conventional cytology in numerous studies. In the current study of 2 LBC systems, the accuracy, rates of unsatisfactory cytology, and sufficiency of residual LBC specimens for Hybrid Capture 2 (HC2) HPV DNA testing were compared.

Methods: Eligible women ages 30 to 49 years were recruited for this cross-sectional population-based study in rural China.

Evaluation of primary HPV-DNA testing in relation to visual inspection methods for cervical cancer screening in rural China: an epidemiologic and cost-effectiveness modelling study.

Background: A new lower-cost rapid-throughput human papillomavirus (HPV) test (careHPV, Qiagen, Gaithersburg, USA) has been shown to have high sensitivity for the detection of high grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.

Methods: We assessed the outcomes and cost-effectiveness of careHPV screening in rural China, compared to visual inspection with acetic acid, when used alone (VIA) or in combination with Lugol's iodine (VIA/VILI). Using data on sexual behaviour, test accuracy, diagnostic practices and costs from studies performed in rural China, we estimated the cost-effectiveness ratio (CER) and associated lifetime outcomes for once-lifetime and twice-lifetime screening strategies, and for routine screening at 5-yearly, 10-yearly and IARC-recommended intervals.

Estimation of cancer cases and deaths attributable to infection in China.

Background: The burden of cancer attributable to infection in China has not been systematically quantified in detail.

Methods: Using the findings of systematic review of prevalence of infectious agents and their relative risks (RRs) of specific cancers, a standard approach was applied to estimate the population proportions of cancers attributed to specific infectious agents in China (attributable fractions, AFs). Together with information from the latest national mortality survey and cancer registries in China, the overall and detailed numbers of cancer cases and deaths caused by infection were estimated.

Life-style and genital human papillomavirus in a cross-sectional survey in Shanxi Province, China.

Background: To determine the age-stratified HPV prevalence rate and the risk factors of life-style associated with HPV infection among women in rural China.

Methods: An age-stratified, cross-sectional survey of 941 women between 16-59 years old was conducted in rural China. Carcinogenic HPV infection was determined using Digene's Hybrid Capture II HPV DNA test and interviews of life-style were conducted.

Design and rationale of the HCC BRIDGE study in China: a longitudinal, multicenter cohort trial in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background: More than 50% of the worldwide cases of hepatocellular carcinoma occur in China, and this malignancy currently represents the country's second leading cause of cancer death in cities and the leading cause in rural areas. Despite recent advances in the control and management of hepatocellular carcinoma within China, this disease remains a major health care issue. The global HCC BRIDGE study, designed to assess patterns of hepatocellular carcinoma therapy use and associated outcomes across real-world clinical practice, has recently been expanded as a national study in China, allowing a detailed analysis of hepatocellular carcinoma in this important country.

Long-term survival after esophagectomy for early esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in Linxian, China.

Background And Objectives: Linxian in Henan Province, China, has among the highest rates of esophageal cancer worldwide. Little is known about long-term survival after esophagectomy for early neoplastic lesions found during early detection screening. A long-term survival analysis was performed for 315 patients from Linxian who received esophagectomy for early esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).

Regardless of skill, performing more biopsies increases the sensitivity of colposcopy.

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to compare the sensitivity of colposcopically directed biopsy (biopsy of cervical quadrants with colposcopic impressions of human papillomavirus, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia [CIN], or cancer) for CIN 3 or cancer (CIN 3+) among physicians and to estimate the increase in yield of CIN 3+ per colposcopy associated with "random" biopsies and/or endocervical curettage (ECC).

Methods: Two studies in which 7 physicians performed 1,383 colposcopic examinations on women with abnormal cervical cytology were reviewed. At colposcopy, the cervix was divided into quadrants by lines from the 12- to the 6-o'clock and from the 3- to the 9-o'clock positions.

The burden of cervical cancer in China: synthesis of the evidence.

The burden of cervical cancer in China has not been characterized in detail. We reviewed cervical cancer data from national mortality surveys and registries, and conducted a meta-analysis to estimate the prevalence of high-grade lesions (HSIL) and high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infections in rural Shanxi Province. We found that a national survey in the 1970s estimated age-standardized cervical cancer mortality rates as ~15 and ~83/100,000 women nationally and in Xiangyuan, Shanxi; but the latest survey (2004-2005) found much lower rates of ~3 and ~7/100,000, respectively.

Prior lung disease and lung cancer risk in an occupational-based cohort in Yunnan, China.

We used the data from a prospective cohort study among tin miners in Yunnan, China to investigate whether prior lung disease is a risk factor for lung cancer. Information on prior lung disease was obtained from baseline questionnaires. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to examine the relationship between prior lung disease and lung cancer risk.

Prevalence of HPV Infection And Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia And Attitudes towards HPV Vaccination among Chinese Women Aged 18-25 in Jiangsu Province.

Objective: Few data are available on the epidemiology of HPV and cervical cancer among Chinese women younger than 25 years old. This study aimed to estimate the HPV infection rate and the prevalence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in women aged 18-25, as well as their knowledge of and attitudes towards HPV vaccination.

Methods: A population-based cervical cancer screening study was conducted on women aged 18-25 in Jiangsu province in 2008.