Effects of Dietary Supplementation with Postbiotics on Growth Performance, Intestinal Flora Structure and Plasma Metabolome of Weaned Piglets.

Probiotics and their postbiotics have the potential to improve the health and growth performance of piglets, which has brought them widespread attention in the post-antibiotic era. In the present study, the effects of dietary supplementation of postbiotics on the growth performance, intestinal flora structure and plasma metabolome of weaned piglets were investigated. A total of 816 healthy male piglets with uniform weight were divided into two treatment groups: piglets in the control (CTR) group were fed with a basic diet, and the ones in the LAC group were fed with the basic diet supplemented with 500 mg/kg postbiotics.

Analysis of long-term outcome of modified gastric bypass for type 2 diabetes mellitus in Chinese patients.

Background: Bariatric and metabolic surgery have been routinely performed following the rapid increase in obesity and metabolic diseases worldwide. Of all evolving procedures, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is considered the gold standard for surgical treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity. RYGB was introduced in China nearly 20 years ago, but the number of RYGB surgeries only accounts for 3.

The Effect of Different Rhizobial Symbionts on the Composition and Diversity of Rhizosphere Microorganisms of Chickpea in Different Soils.

Background: Chickpea ( L.) is currently the third most important legume crop in the world. It could form root nodules with its symbiotic rhizobia in soils and perform bio-nitrogen fixation.

Identification of bioactive compounds of HNA3 that contribute to its dual effects as plant growth promoter and biocontrol against post-harvested fungi.

The current study is an extension to our previous work on the plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) HNA3 strain, which comes to confirm and reveals the huge stock of active secondary metabolites produced by HNA3. HNA3-emitted volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have demonstrated the capacity to impede the growth of phytopathogens affecting some fruits and vegetables, even in the absence of direct contact. Additionally, these volatiles enhanced soybean seed germination by breaking seed dormancy and inducing root system development.

Legume nodulation and nitrogen fixation require interaction of DnaJ-like protein and lipid transfer protein.

The lipid transport protein (LTP) product of the AsE246 gene of Chinese milk vetch (Astragalus sinicus) contributes to the transport of plant-synthesized lipids to the symbiosome membranes (SMs) that are required for nodule organogenesis in this legume. However, the mechanisms used by nodule-specific LTPs remain unknown. In this study, a functional protein in the DnaJ-like family, designated AsDJL1, was identified and shown to interact with AsE246.

G-type receptor-like kinase AsNIP43 interacts with rhizobia effector nodulation outer protein P and is required for symbiosis.

In the Rhizobium-Legume symbiosis, the nodulation outer protein P (NopP) effector is one of the key regulators for rhizobial infection and nodule organogenesis. However, the molecular mechanism through which host legume plants sense NopP remains largely unknown. Here, we constructed an nopP deletion mutant of Mesorhizobium huakuii and found that nopP negatively regulates nodulation on Chinese milk vetch (Astragalus sinicus).

A Lipopolysaccharide O-Antigen Synthesis Gene in Plays Differentiated Roles in Root Nodule Symbiotic Compatibility with .

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a ubiquitous microbial-associated molecular pattern. Plants can sense the three components of LPS, including core polysaccharide, lipid A, and O-antigen. LPS biosynthesis is an essential factor for the successful establishment of symbiosis in the rhizobium-legume plant system.

Genome-Wide Identification and Comparative Analysis of Gene Family in Legume and Non-Legume Species.

Rapid alkalinization factor (RALF) are small secreted peptide hormones that can induce rapid alkalinization in a medium. They act as signaling molecules in plants, playing a critical role in plant development and growth, especially in plant immunity. Although the function of RALF peptides has been comprehensively analyzed, the evolutionary mechanism of RALFs in symbiosis has not been studied.

A Lipopolysaccharide Synthesis Gene from Is Involved in Nodule Development and Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation.

Rhizobium lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is an important component of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria and serves as a signal molecule on the surface of rhizobia, participating in the symbiosis during rhizobia-legume interaction. In this study, we constructed a deletion mutant of ADP-L-glycerol-D-mannoheptosyl-6-exoisomerase () of 7653R and a functional complementary strain. The results showed that the deletion of did not affect the free-living growth rate of 7653R, but that it did affect the LPS synthesis and that it increased sensitivity to abiotic stresses.

A Germin-Like Protein GLP1 of Legumes Mediates Symbiotic Nodulation by Interacting with an Outer Membrane Protein of Rhizobia.

Rhizobia can infect legumes and induce the coordinated expression of symbiosis and defense genes for the establishment of mutualistic symbiosis. Numerous studies have elucidated the molecular interactions between rhizobia and host plants, which are associated with Nod factor, exopolysaccharide, and T3SS effector proteins. However, there have been relatively few reports about how the host plant recognizes the outer membrane proteins (OMPs) of rhizobia to mediate symbiotic nodulation.

Protease or Clostridium butyricum addition to a low-protein diet improves broiler growth performance.

Low-protein (LP) feeds are used in the poultry industry to combat the increasing consumption of protein resources and reduce environmental pollution caused by excessive nitrogen excretion. Dietary supplementation of protease or Clostridium butyricum increases the growth performance of broilers; however, it is unclear whether they counteract the negative effects of LP diets. The effects of protease and C.

A legume kinesin controls vacuole morphogenesis for rhizobia endosymbiosis.

Symbioses between legumes and rhizobia require establishment of the plant-derived symbiosome membrane, which surrounds the rhizobia and accommodates the symbionts by providing an interface for nutrient and signal exchange. The host cytoskeleton and endomembrane trafficking systems play central roles in the formation of a functional symbiotic interface for rhizobia endosymbiosis; however, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here we demonstrate that the nodulation-specific kinesin-like calmodulin-binding protein (nKCBP), a plant-specific microtubule-based kinesin motor, controls central vacuole morphogenesis in symbiotic cells in Medicago truncatula.

Transcriptomic Identification of a Unique Set of Nodule-Specific Cysteine-Rich Peptides Expressed in the Nitrogen-Fixing Root Nodule of .

Legumes in the inverted repeat-lacking clade (IRLC) each produce a unique set of nodule-specific cysteine-rich (NCR) peptides, which act in concert to determine the terminal differentiation of nitrogen-fixing bacteroid. IRLC legumes differ greatly in their numbers of NCR and sequence diversity. This raises the significant question how bacteroid differentiation is collectively controlled by the specific NCR repertoire of an IRLC legume.

Functional Comparison of and Sodium Butyrate Supplementation on Growth, Intestinal Health, and the Anti-inflammatory Response of Broilers.

Butyrate has been reported to promote proliferation of colonic epithelial cells and maintain intestinal barrier integrity in broilers. Although supplementation of and sodium butyrate have been shown to confer benefits on broilers, their effects and mechanisms have not been compared. In this study, and sodium butyrate were added into the basal diet of broilers and their effects on growth performance, intestinal health, and anti-inflammatory response were analyzed.

Comparative Genome Analysis Reveals Phylogenetic Identity of Bacillus velezensis HNA3 and Genomic Insights into Its Plant Growth Promotion and Biocontrol Effects.

Bacillus velezensis HNA3, a potential plant growth promoter and biocontrol rhizobacterium, was isolated from plant rhizosphere soils in our previous work. Here, we sequenced the entire genome of the HNA3 strain and performed a comparative genome analysis. We found that HNA3 has a 3,929-kb chromosome with 46.

Analysis of Outer Membrane Vesicles Indicates That Glycerophospholipid Metabolism Contributes to Early Symbiosis Between HH103 and Soybean.

Gram-negative bacteria can produce outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), and most functional studies of OMVs have been focused on mammalian-bacterial interactions. However, research on the OMVs of rhizobia is still limited. In this work, we isolated and purified OMVs from HH103 under free-living conditions that were set as control (C-OMVs) and symbiosis-mimicking conditions that were induced by genistein (G-OMVs).

Reducing glucoamylase usage for commercial-scale ethanol production from starch using glucoamylase expressing Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

The development of yeast that converts raw corn or cassava starch to ethanol without adding the exogenous α-amylase and/or glucoamylase would reduce the overall ethanol production cost. In this study, two copies of codon-optimized Saccharomycopsis fibuligera glucoamylase genes were integrated into the genome of the industrial Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain CCTCC M94055, and the resulting strain CIBTS1522 showed comparable basic growth characters with the parental strain. We systemically evaluated the fermentation performance of the CIBTS1522 strain using the raw corn or cassava starch at small and commercial-scale, and observed that a reduction of at least 40% of the dose of glucoamylase was possible when using the CIBTS1522 yeast under real ethanol production condition.

Investigating the Involvement of Cytoskeletal Proteins MreB and FtsZ in the Origin of Legume-Rhizobial Symbiosis.

Rhizobia are rod-shaped bacteria that form nitrogen-fixing root nodules on leguminous plants; however, they don't carry MreB, a key determinant of rod-like cell shape. Here, we introduced an actin-like homolog from a pseudomonad into 7653R (a microsymbiont of L.) and examined the molecular, cellular, and symbiotic phenotypes of the resultant mutant.

Glycine max NNL1 restricts symbiotic compatibility with widely distributed bradyrhizobia via root hair infection.

Symbiosis between soybean (Glycine max) and rhizobia is essential for efficient nitrogen fixation. Rhizobial effectors secreted through the type-III secretion system are key for mediating the interactions between plants and rhizobia, but the molecular mechanism remains largely unknown. Here, our genome-wide association study for nodule number identified G.

A Methionine Sulfoxide Reductase B Is Required for the Establishment of Astragalus sinicus-Mesorhizobium Symbiosis.

Methionine sulfoxide reductase B (MsrB) is involved in oxidative stress or defense responses in plants. However, little is known about its role in legume-rhizobium symbiosis. In this study, an MsrB gene was identified from Astragalus sinicus and its function in symbiosis was characterized.

Digalactosyldiacylglycerol Synthase Gene Plays an Essential Role in Nodule Development and Nitrogen Fixation.

Little is known about the genes participating in digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) synthesis during nodule symbiosis. Here, we identified full-length , a synthase of DGDG, and characterized its effect on symbiotic nitrogen fixation in . Immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy showed that MtDGD1 was located on the symbiosome membranes in the infected cells.